scholarly journals Compact Urban Form: Neighbouring and Social Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Reza Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Neighbourhood Satisfaction ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Activity Questionnaires

Compact urban form has been widely suggested as a more sustainable development pattern that enhances different aspects of social liveability such as social exchange, collective interaction, and outdoor activity. Empirical research, however, challenges proposing a generic and universal understanding of compactness and its social advantages: compactness is perceived and lived differently in different socio-cultural contexts. This paper contributes to the call for gaining a more place-specific understanding from the compact urban form. To do so, it examines the social life of compact neighbourhoods in two study sites in Berlin. Social life is investigated by measuring the two dimensions of “neighbouring” and “social activities”: while the former explores how residents of the neighbourhood perceive different aspects of social life, the latter maps how urban space accommodates different types of social activity. Questionnaires and advanced mapping techniques are the primary sources of research obtained through intensive fieldwork and on-site observation. The research findings challenge some dominant assumptions attributed to the compact urban form orthodoxy: a compact neighbourhood can be perceived as safe, offer acceptable home and neighbourhood satisfaction, and, at the same time, suffer from low social networking and community engagement.

How the physical characteristics may affect the social life of streets in Athens, Greece?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Kyriakidis ◽  
Efthimios Bakogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physical Features

Abstract The urban space is characterized by specific qualities that may contribute to, or mitigate the social life. These qualities were described by James Gibson as “environmental affordances”. According to that theoretical perspective, urban designers and environmental psychologists should focus on the physical features of a space in order to understand and explain the way in which it functions and the degree to which is sociable. For the scholars of road networks, this approach is particularly useful because streets shape the platform for a wide range of social interactions and experiences. Streets are by definition social spaces, which not operate always efficiently because of their form and their particular characteristics. This is one of the primary reasons why it is stated in the literature that public space is now declined and as a result it needs to recover its old glamorous prestige and importance. In the light of the above, the specific research as primarily qualitative, is focused on studies of the urban form of the Athenian streets and proposes a typology for them considering some key physical characteristics which affect with a specific way the embedded social life. Finally, an attempt is made to generalize the effects of the specific physical characteristics to the socialization of urban spaces.

Urban Space and Aristocratic Power in Late Antique Rome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machado
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Elite ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

This book analyses the physical, social, and cultural history of Rome in late antiquity. Between AD 270 and 535, the former capital of the Roman empire experienced a series of dramatic transformations in its size, appearance, political standing, and identity, as emperors moved to other cities and the Christian church slowly became its dominating institution. Urban Space and Aristocratic Power in Late Antique Rome provides a new picture of these developments, focusing on the extraordinary role played by members of the traditional elite, the senatorial aristocracy, in the redefinition of the city, its institutions, and spaces. During this period, Roman senators and their families became increasingly involved in the management of the city and its population, in building works, and in the performance of secular and religious ceremonies and rituals. As this study shows, for approximately three hundred years the houses of the Roman elite competed with imperial palaces and churches in shaping the political map and the social life of the city. Making use of modern theories of urban space, the book considers a vast array of archaeological, literary, and epigraphic documents to show how the former centre of the Mediterranean world was progressively redefined and controlled by its own elite.

scholarly journals Urban specters

2021 ◽  
pp. 026377582110302
Author(s):  
Asha Best ◽  
Margaret M Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Women Artists ◽  
Social Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Method ◽  
Urban Futures ◽  
Black Life ◽  
The Relationship

In this piece, we take up haunting as a spatial method to consider what geography can learn from ghosts. Following Avery Gordon’s theorizations of haunting as a sociological method, a consideration of the spectral offers a means of reckoning with the shadows of social life that are not always readily apparent. Drawing upon art installations in Brooklyn, NY, White Shoes (2012–2016), and Oakland, CA, House/Full of BlackWomen (2015–present), we find that in both installations, Black women artists perform hauntings, threading geographies of race, sex, and speculation across past and present. We observe how these installations operate through spectacle, embodiment, and temporal disjuncture, illuminating how Black life and labor have been central to the construction of property and urban space in the United States. In what follows, we explore the following questions: what does haunting reveal about the relationship between property, personhood, and the urban in a time of racial banishment? And the second, how might we think of haunting as a mode of refusing displacement, banishment, and archival erasure as a way of imagining “livable” urban futures in which Black life is neither static nor obsolete?

Regulatory potential of legal culture and legal awareness of modern Ukrainian society

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Roman Zvarych ◽  
Tetyana Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Legal Consciousness ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Regulatory Potential ◽  
Ukrainian Society

Goal. The purpose of the work is a comprehensive analysis of the main problems of the regulatory potential of legal culture and legal awareness of the individual and its implementation in modern Ukrainian society. Method. The study used a set of theoretical methods of scientific knowledge, in particular: the method of scientific analysis; system-structural; historical and legal; axiological; comparative law; formal-legal and method of generalization. Results. In the course of the research it was proved that the modern philosophy of realization of regulatory potential of legal culture and legal consciousness should consist in strengthening of humanizing character of regulatory influence, be directed not on authoritarian authoritarian, imperative attribution, authorizing, binding types of legal regulations that authoritatively guide the actions, behavior of people and are seen as omnipotent universal mechanisms for solving problems of social life, and to create conditions for the realization of freedom, human potential, its legal status, social activity, creativity and initiative , which, of course, must be implemented on the basis of social, legal and moral norms enshrined in society. Scientific novelty. According to the results of the study, the new conceptual foundations of the regulatory potential of legal culture and legal awareness should be aimed at creating conditions for identifying deep dimensions of the inner world of man, his individual legal worldview, which allows him to become the creator of social and legal reality. Practical significance. The results of the research can be useful in the process of forming a general theoretical concept of the regulatory potential of legal culture and legal consciousness of modern Ukrainian society.

scholarly journals A city as an emotional space: theoretical-sociological analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Nadiya Mikhno
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Experience Economy ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Modern City ◽  
The Individual

The focus of this article is focused on the study of peculiarities of the contemporary aestheticization of urban space as a product of emotional capitalism. Noted that the concepts "society experiences" and "experience economy" fixed vector of cultural changes of modern society, and suggest new theoretical trajectory of sociological research. Control for the "experience" in this case can be considered a new form of public influence in which not last role is played by the mass media, which is a kind of mediator for the active promotion of a variety of emotions, first and foremost sensual pleasure. Pointed out that the aestheticization of the contemporary urban space is connected with the logic of the functioning of emotional capitalism. The modern city is forced to form their own "alphabet of feelings", which prescribes rules for their feelings in different situations. Entertainment in the city acquires the features of a universal model, it is a particular code value in U. Eco, that is, a symbolic system that can reveal the contents of the message depending on the purpose and conditions of the functioning of the spectacle. Life in a modern city full of wealth of their own unrest, and the aestheticization of urban space is associated with replication "markets experiences" that focus on the commercialization of human feelings. The emotional richness of urban design has become a part of an overall program of total consumption. The theatricality, iconization and glamor can be considered as the main strategy "emotionalization" of urban space that aims at the reproduction of the effects of the "experience economy". Stressed that the idea glamorizes urban space can be traced in the concepts of the theoreticians of the "creative city", appealing to psychologically and design analysis of the urban environment, and the militarization of urban space through the creation of militaristic icons that form the therapeutically-emotional space. Respectively iconic images serve as points of reference, the individual ascribes to them a special importance as images that represent something significant for social life.

scholarly journals The Nine Forms of the French Riviera: Classifying Urban Fabrics from the Pedestrian Perspective.

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Araldi ◽  
Giovanni Fusco
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Central Cities ◽  
French Riviera

The Nine Forms of the French Riviera: Classifying Urban Fabrics from the Pedestrian Perspective. Giovanni Fusco, Alessandro Araldi ¹Université Côte-Azur, CNRS, ESPACE - Bd. Eduard Herriot 98. 06200 Nice E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: French Riviera, Urban Fabrics, Urban Form Recognition, Geoprocessing Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology     Recent metropolitan growth produces new kinds of urban fabric, revealing different logics in the organization of urban space, but coexisting with more traditional urban fabrics in central cities and older suburbs. Having an overall view of the spatial patterns of urban fabrics in a vast metropolitan area is paramount for understanding the emerging spatial organization of the contemporary metropolis. The French Riviera is a polycentric metropolitan area of more than 1200 km2 structured around the old coastal cities of Nice, Cannes, Antibes and Monaco. XIX century and early XX century urban growth is now complemented by modern developments and more recent suburban areas. A large-scale analysis of urban fabrics can only be carried out through a new geoprocessing protocol, combining indicators of spatial relations within urban fabrics, geo-statistical analysis and Bayesian data-mining. Applied to the French Riviera, nine families of urban fabrics are identified and correlated to the historical periods of their production. Central cities are thus characterized by the combination of different families of pre-modern, dense, continuous built-up fabrics, as well as by modern discontinuous forms. More interestingly, fringe-belts in Nice and Cannes, as well as the techno-park of Sophia-Antipolis, combine a spinal cord of connective artificial fabrics having sparse specialized buildings, with the already mentioned discontinuous fabrics of modern urbanism. Further forms are identified in the suburban and “rurban” spaces around central cities. The proposed geoprocessing procedure is not intended to supersede traditional expert-base analysis of urban fabric. Rather, it should be considered as a complementary tool for large urban space analysis and as an input for studying urban form relation to socioeconomic phenomena. References   Conzen, M.R.G (1960) Alnwick, Northumberland : A Study in Town-Planning Analysis. (London, George Philip). Conzen, M.P. (2009) “How cities internalize their former urban fringe. A cross-cultural comparison”. Urban Morphology, 13, 29-54. Graff, P. (2014) Une ville d’exception. Nice, dans l'effervescence du 20° siècle. (Serre, Nice). Yamada I., Thill J.C. (2010) “Local indicators of network-constrained clusters in spatial patterns represented by a link attribute.” Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 100(2), 269-285. Levy, A. (1999) “Urban morphology and the problem of modern urban fabric : some questions for research”, Urban Morphology, 3(2), 79-85. Okabe, A. Sugihara, K. (2012) Spatial Analysis along Networks: Statistical and Computational Methods. (John Wiley and sons, UK).

scholarly journals АКТУАЛІЗАЦІЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ В УМОВАХ КАРНАВАЛІЗАЦІЇ МІСЬКОГО ЖИТТЯ

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Міхно Н. К.
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The main attention in this article is focused on the definition of the characteristic features of the processes of carnivalization of urban space in the conditions of modern Ukrainian society. The changes that occur in the space of everyday life against the background of General trends in social life – globalization, virtualization, changes in the specifics of communications, the spread of emotional capitalism. The main functional imperatives of carnival as a form of collective action are fixed. It is determined that in the conditions of carnivalization of urban life there is an actualization of national identity against the background of a number of events of socio-political, economic, national and cultural life of Ukrainian society. The data of sociological studies that record the growth of patriotism, civic responsibility and the level of national identity in recent years. Invited to pay attention to the instruments of incorporation of the symbols of the national community in the process of the ritual of the festive action.

scholarly journals Host-Guest Relationships in Non-Commercial Tourism Settings: WWOOFing in New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Dagmar Cronauer
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Personal Narratives ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Interpersonal Connectedness ◽  
The Relationship

<p>This study investigates host-­guest elationships in a non‐commercial tourism setting within the context of WWOOF (World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms) in New Zealand. WWOOF is a worldwide membership network of organic farms, and is comprised of non‐monetary exchange relationships between WWOOF hosts and guests (WWOOFers). It involves tourists offering their help with activities on these farms in exchange for accommodation and food. The purpose of this research is to examine WWOOF hosts and guests’ meanings and understandings of the host‐guest relationship and the dynamics that influence the nature of the WWOOF encounter. An examination of hosts and guests’ expectations and their subsequent effect on the encounter, and of personal outcomes, assist in making sense of the multiple roles of both parties. The study contributes to the limited research that explores non‐commercial host‐guest relationships in tourism. Through consulting literature on the commercial home, it builds on previous work on WWOOFing by focusing on hosts and guests’ perceptions rather than only one perspective. It gives voice to an under‐acknowledged group of hosts and tourists, who are not counted as contributors to economic development of tourism in New Zealand. The research  was developed within a social constructivist paradigm. Using phenomenological methodology, in‐depth interviews with hosts and guests in New Zealand allowed for a thorough analysis of their personal narratives of the WWOOF experience, and the host‐guest relationships. Twenty‐eight interviews were conducted during June and July 2011  (some with two interviewees): resulting in data from 24 hosts and 15 WWOOFers. The findings suggest that WWOOF hosts and guests interact within work and social dimensions. The work dimension dictates that the guest offer help with work on the organic property in return for accommodation and  food provided by the host. The social dimension demands interpersonal exchange and social bonds are developed. A model is presented, which demonstrates that host‐guest relationships in WWOOFing evolve and are constantly being negotiated and evaluated. Hosts and guests have multiple roles within the two dimensions: employer‐employee, host‐guest, (family) host‐family member, and friends. These roles are dependent on the level of formalisation of the encounter and the level of interpersonal connectedness. The encounter involves the host’s obligation to meet the needs of the guest and the guest’s obligation to adhere to implicit and explicit rules and guidelines determined by the host. Space and time are mostly shared within the host’s home or hosting space. The study shows that the relationships that occur are complex and multi‐faceted. The various dimensions, which are essential in creating closer, interpersonal relationships, are negotiated within various levels of the relationship. The aspects that influence the roles adopted in work and social spheres and the evolution of the relationship require an understanding of the temporal roles of hosts and guests, trust, shared values and stories, as well as work and social exchange elements.</p>

Diversity As A Unique Constellation of Superimposing Network Logics

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Alain Thierstein ◽  
Anne Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Individual Site ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The City ◽  
Underlying Processes

In the context of the European city, the regeneration of former industrial sites is a unique opportunity to actively steer urban development. These plots of land gain strategic importance in actively triggering development on the city scale. Ideally, these interventions radiate beyond the individual site and contribute to the strengthening of the location as a whole. International competition between locations is rising and prosperous development a precondition for wealth and wellbeing. This approach to the regeneration of inner city plots makes high demands on all those involved. Our framework suggests a stronger focus of the conceptualization and analysis of idiosyncratic resources, to enable innovative approaches in planning. On the one hand, we are discussing spatially restrained urban plots, which have the capacity and need to be reset. On the other hand, each plot is a knot in the web of relations on a multiplicity of scales. The material city is nested into a set of interrelated scale levels – the plot, the quarter, the city, the region, potentially even the polycentric megacity region. The immaterial relations however span a multicity of scale levels. The challenge is to combine these two perspectives for their mutual benefit. The underlying processes are constitutive to urban space diversity, as urban form shapes urban life and vice versa.

Inclusive trends of urban development: Temporalspatial social practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-191
Author(s):  
D. V. Zaitsev ◽  
O. V. Zaitseva ◽  
V. N. Yarskaya-Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Spaces

The article presents the results of a review of the data of Russian and international research of social-urban development as presented at the scientific events in the Saratov region. In contemporary urbanism, there is a number of trends: temporal, of universal design, and social-cultural. The Russian urban development follows agglomeration trends that are increasingly evident in the processes of settlement, which means active development of suburban areas, changes in their landscape characteristics, cultural spaces, and mobility of citizens. The covid-19 pandemic had a complex impact on the social-urban features of cities in Russia and the world by transforming the structure and functionality of many urban locations, creating conditions for the emergence of a post-coronavirus city. The empirical data show that such a city is the most socially sensitive to negative and positive aspects of social life and to manifestations of inclusive practices that unite people. Under the low, fragmented accessibility of social, cultural and other infrastructure of cities that are designed for healthy people, there is a synchronization of urban infrastructure elements in the context of inclusion due to the social demand for a coronavirus transformation of the architectural and urban environment in terms of social distancing. Based on the research data from different regions of Russia, the authors identify priority directions of the inclusive development of social urbanism: models of the inclusive culture of urban communities; monitoring of the city accessible environment for citizens of different age and mobility (in particular, with the tracing and walk along approaches); model of participatory urban planning and social expertise of the inclusiveness of the urban space; educational model of professional training in the field of social urbanism and universal design.

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