scholarly journals A Qualitative Inquiry into Collecting Recyclable Cans and Bottles as a Livelihood Activity at Football Tailgates in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5659
Author(s):  
Noleen R. Chikowore ◽  
John M. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Beverage Containers ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
The U.S

The deposit refund program for the return of beverage containers in some U.S. states has led to recycling as a means of earning income. Michigan’s 10-cent aluminum can and bottle refund, which is the highest in the U.S., makes recycling for income particularly attractive. This study explores the factors that enable or constrain the livelihood activity of people who collect cans and bottles at football tailgating parties, focusing on the motivation behind choices and the factors that enhance or constrain their activities. Maximum variation (heterogeneity) sampling, a purposeful sampling method, was used to recruit participants from different races, genders, and age groups. Data were collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicate that the income from this livelihood activity was an important survival strategy for those who engage in it. Other significant sources of motivation include contributing to environmental stewardship and recognition for doing so. Differences in capital assets such as social networks, physical strength, skills, and access to equipment led to differences in people’s ability to earn income from collecting cans and bottles. Some challenges restricted their activities, including accessing shopping carts and public buses to transport the cans and limitations imposed on the number of cans that canners can redeem at the redemption centers.

“Why can’t I Have the Office Jobs?”: Immigrant Latinx Transgender Peoples’ Experiences with Seeking Employment

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532110629
Author(s):  
Roberto L. Abreu ◽  
Kirsten A. Gonzalez ◽  
Louis Lindley ◽  
Cristalís Capielo Rosario ◽  
Gabriel M. Lockett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disability Benefits ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Positive Experiences

Research has documented the experiences of transgender people in seeking employment. To date, no scholarship has explored the experiences of immigrant Latinx transgender people seeking employment in the United States. Using an intersectionality framework, the present study aimed to uncover the experiences of immigrant Latinx transgender people as they sought employment in the United States. A community sample of 18 immigrant Latinx transgender people from a large metropolitan city in Florida engaged in semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed five themes related to participants’ experiences seeking employment, including: (1) discrimination, (2) limited options, (3) positive experiences, (4) momentary de-transition, and (5) disability benefits as financial relief. Future directions such as exploring ways in which immigrant Latinx transgender people resist discrimination while seeking job opportunities are discussed. Implications for practice and advocacy such as advocating for equitable employment policies that acknowledge the intersectional experiences of this community are presented.

scholarly journals OR30-01 Real-World Minimed™ 670G System Use and Glycemic Outcomes of Pediatric and Adult Individuals Living with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Alan Vigersky ◽  
Michael Stone ◽  
Pratik Agrawal ◽  
Alex Zhong ◽  
Kevin Velado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Real World ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
System Use ◽  
System Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Introduction: The MiniMed™ 670G system was FDA-approved in 2016 for adults and adolescents ≥14yrs, and in 2018 for children ages 7-13yrs with T1D. Since then, use of the system has grown to over 180,000 people in the U.S. The glycemic control benefits of real-world MiniMed™ 670G system Auto Mode use in the U.S. were assessed. Methods: System data (aggregated five-minute instances of sensor glucose [SG]) uploaded from March 2017 to July 2019 by individuals (N=118,737) with T1D and ≥7yrs of age who enabled Auto Mode were analyzed to determine the mean % of overall time spent <54mg/dL/<70mg/dL (TBR); between 70-180mg/dL (TIR); and >180mg/dL/>250mg/dL (TAR). The impact of Auto Mode was further assessed in a sub-group of individuals (N=51,254) with, at least, 7 days of SG data for both Auto Mode turned ON and turned OFF. The % of TIR, TBR and TAR, and the associated glucose management indicator (GMI) were evaluated for the overall OFF (2,524,570 days) and ON (6,308,806 days) periods, and across different age groups. Results: System data TIR was 71.3%; TBR was 0.4% and 1.9%, respectively; and TAR was 26.8% and 6.2%, respectively. User-wise data of Auto Mode OFF versus ON showed a mean of 70.3% of the time spent in Auto Mode, that TIR increased from 60.9% to 69.9%; and that both TBR and TAR decreased. For those 7-13yrs (N=1,417), TIR increased from 48.7% to 61.5%; TBR increased from 0.5% to 0.6% and from 2.0% to 2.2%, respectively; and TAR decreased from 49.3% to 36.3% and from 20.5% to 13.0%, respectively. For those 14-21yrs (N=4,194), TIR increased from 51.0% to 61.5%; TBR decreased from 0.7% to 0.6% and from 2.3% to 2.0%, respectively; and TAR decreased from 46.7% to 36.5% and from 18.5% to 12.5%, respectively. For those ≥22yrs (N=45,643), TIR increased from 62.2% to 70.9%; TBR decreased from 0.7% to 0.5% and from 2.6% to 1.9%, respectively; and TAR decreased from 35.2% to 27.3% and from 9.9% to 6.3%, respectively. The mean GMI decreased by 0.23% (overall), 0.48% (7-13yrs), 0.35% (14-21yrs), and 0.22% (≥22yrs), respectively, with Auto Mode ON versus OFF. Discussion: In over 6 million days of real-world MiniMed™ 670G system Auto Mode use in the U.S., TIR of a large pediatric and adult population with T1D improved by 9% compared to when Auto Mode was OFF, which was comparable to or exceeded the TIR observed in the smaller pivotal trials. These results further support outcomes of the pivotal trials and increased glycemic control with system use.

scholarly journals Where to Retire? Experiences of Older African Immigrants in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 455-455
Author(s):  
Manka Nkimbeng ◽  
Alvine Akumbom ◽  
Marianne Granbom ◽  
Sarah Szanton ◽  
Tetyana Shippee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Climate ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Decision Making Factors ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The needs and conceptualization of age-friendliness likely vary for immigrant older adults compared to native-born older adults. For example, Hispanic immigrant older adults often return to their home country following the development of ill health. Doubling in size since the 1970’s, the aging needs of African immigrants are not fully understood. This qualitative study examined experiences of aging and retirement planning for African immigrant older adults in the United States (U.S.). Specifically, it explored the factors, processes, and ultimate decision of where these older adults planned to retire. We analyzed semi-structured interviews with 15 older African immigrants in the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan area. Data were analyzed using thematic analyses in NVivo. The majority of participants were women, with a mean age of 64. We identified three overarching themes with ten sub-themes. The themes included: 1) cultural identity: indicating participant’s comfort with the U.S. society and culture; 2) decision making: factors that impact participants' choice of retirement location, and 3) decision made: the final choice of where participants would like to retire. Age-friendliness for immigrant older adults in the U.S. is complex and it includes the traditional domains such as physical and sociocultural environment (e.g. housing, transportation, and income). However, immigrant age-friendliness also needs to include wider contextual aspects such as political climate in their country of origin, immigrant status, family responsibilities, and acculturation in the U.S. More research is needed understand and facilitate age-friendly environments for transnational immigrant older adults.

scholarly journals Racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality are driven by unequal infection risks.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Zelner ◽  
Rob Trangucci ◽  
Ramya Naraharisetti ◽  
Alex Cao ◽  
Ryan Malosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Bayesian Regression ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The U.S

Background. As of August 5, 2020, there were more than 4.8M confirmed and probable cases and 159K deaths attributable to SARS-CoV-2 in the United States, with these numbers undoubtedly reflecting a significant underestimate of the true toll. Geographic, racial-ethnic, age and socioeconomic disparities in exposure and mortality are key features of the first and second wave of the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic. Methods. We used individual-level COVID-19 incidence and mortality data from the U.S. state of Michigan to estimate age-specific incidence and mortality rates by race/ethnic group. Data were analyzed using hierarchical Bayesian regression models, and model results were validated using posterior predictive checks. Findings. In crude and age-standardized analyses we found rates of incidence and mortality more than twice as high than Whites for all groups other than Native Americans. Of these, Blacks experienced the greatest burden of confirmed and probable COVID-19 infection (Age- standardized incidence = 1,644/100,000 population) and mortality (age-standardized mortality rate 251/100,000). These rates reflect large disparities, as Blacks experienced age-standardized incidence and mortality rates 5.6 (95% CI = 5.5, 5.7) and 6.9 (6.5, 7.3) times higher than Whites, respectively. We also found that the bulk of the disparity in mortality between Blacks and Whites is driven by dramatically higher rates of COVID-19 infection across all age groups, particularly among older adults, rather than age-specific variation in case-fatality rates. Interpretation. This work suggests that well-documented racial disparities in COVID-19 mortality in hard-hit settings, such as the U.S. state of Michigan, are driven primarily by variation in household, community and workplace exposure rather than case-fatality rates. Funding. This work was supported by a COVID-PODS grant from the Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS) at the University of Michigan. The funding source had no role in the preparation of this manuscript.

scholarly journals Cross-Cultural Analysis of Gamer Identity: A Comparison of the United States and Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 785-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Ćwil ◽  
William T. Howe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Self ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The U.S

Who is a gamer? What kind of people are perceived to be gamers? And finally – who perceives themselves as a gamer? In this article the authors attempt to answer these three questions from a multinational perspective. Background. Games are nowadays one of the most frequently encountered forms of entertainment and constitute an ever-increasing part of many people’s day-to-day lives. With the rising popularity of video games, there is a need to conduct a research concerning gamer identity and to find out who perceives themselves as a gamer. The aim of this study is to compare the results of the survey conducted in two different countries to better understand the characteristics of players that self-identified as gamers. Methods. The quantitative study was conducted in two countries – Poland and the United States – in order to research gamer identity. The questionnaire consisted of questions about the self-identification as a gamer, time spent playing video games, types of games played, and the platforms used. It was conducted among 223 students who play video games. Results. The results show that there are both similarities and differences in the meaning of gamer identity between Poland and the United States. People who consider themselves gamers generally spend more time playing games than non-gamers regardless of the country. However, some differences can be spotted between Poland and the U.S. concerning among others types of games played, used platforms or different styles of playing video games. Limitations and further research. The main problem in the study was the limited age range in the sample. In the future it seems valuable to include people of different age groups to broaden the study of self-identified gamer identity.

Image of America in Northern Nigeria Radio-Based Broadcast

2019 ◽  
pp. 261-276
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sani Abdullahi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Current Affairs ◽  
Radio Broadcast ◽  
The U.S

This chapter explores popular representations of America in Northern Nigeria radio broadcast using Greetings From America (a call-in program aimed at encouraging Nigerian citizens to seek admission and further their education in American universities) as case study. The chapter is based on a qualitative content analysis of over 15 editions of the program as well as on semi-structured interviews with the News and Current Affairs Manager of Freedom Radio Kano and other relevant informants. The chapter hinges on the propaganda and representation theories. It illustrates how Greeting From America represents a suitable window into America and a platform where Northern Nigerians living and studying in the United States mostly express positive stereotypes of America. The chapter further argues that the program's contents and reception by Northern Nigerians show all the complexity and ambivalence of U.S.'s image in Northern Nigeria. In effect, the impressions of people interviewed in this study coupled with insights drawn from relevant literary sources are sometimes conflicting with the dominantly negative image of the U.S. in Northern Nigeria's popular imagination.

African-Born Female Academics in the U.S.

2019 ◽  
pp. 427-440
Author(s):  
Rosaire Ifedi
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Gender And Migration ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The U.S

This paper was based, in part, on some findings related to the intersection of identity and career outcomes for some African-born female academics located in the United States. In the phenomenological study, data were collected through semi-structured interviews and revealed accounts of race and gendered challenges in their experiences. However, even though they faced similar kinds of marginalization as other Black and foreign women, these participants were confronted with unique questions of identification and experiences of double discrimination. Nonetheless, the findings also suggest a persistence that was reflected in their stories of access, inclusion, and exclusion as well as their perceived role as coalition-builders. An implication for immigrant female professors in the U.S. is that their immigrant status could both facilitate as well as challenge their career paths and economic outcomes, a point equally corroborated by research on gender and migration in higher education in Europe and elsewhere.

Prevalence and Demographic Differences in Work as a Calling in the United States: Results From a Nationally Representative Sample

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272199569
Author(s):  
Micah J. White ◽  
Dylan R. Marsh ◽  
Bryan J. Dik ◽  
Cheryl L. Beseler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Science Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Life Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The U.S

Within the last two decades, social science research on work as a calling has rapidly grown. To date, knowledge regarding prevalence and demographic differences of calling in the United States derives from data collected mainly from regionally limited and/or occupationally homogenous samples. The present study used data from the Portraits of American Life Study, a nationally stratified panel study of religion in the United States (U.S.), to estimate calling’s prevalence in the U.S. Our findings represent the first known population estimates of seeking, perceiving, and living a calling in the U.S. Results revealed that calling is a relevant concept for many U.S. adults, with 43% endorsing “mostly true” or “totally true” to the statement “I have a calling to a particular kind of work.” Small differences for presence of and search for a calling emerged across age groups, employment statuses, and levels of importance of God or spirituality. For living a calling, significant differences were identified only for importance of God or spirituality, contrasting with previous findings that suggested that living a calling varies as a function of income and social status. Implications for research and practice are explored.

scholarly journals ‘Suddenly the first fifty years of my life made sense’: Experiences of older people with autism

Autism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aoife Hickey ◽  
Jason Crabtree ◽  
Joshua Stott
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Life Review ◽  
The Self ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Comparison Results

Research on the experience of growing older with autism is very limited. In this study, 13 people with autism aged over 50 years participated in semi-structured interviews about their experiences of diagnosis, social support and getting older. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were generated: difference, life review and longing for connection. Prior to diagnosis, individuals had awareness of their difficulties, attributed these to intrinsic difference and engaged in a deliberate process of reducing the visibility of this difference. Diagnosis prompted a process of life review and externalisation, whereby past negative experiences were reattributed to autism as opposed to the self. Loneliness, isolation and yearning for interpersonal connection were ubiquitous and longstanding. Autism support and social groups were highly valued, offering opportunities for belonging, acceptance and social comparison. Results highlight the similarity to younger age groups in terms of lived experience and need for greater support, particularly with respect to reducing isolation and improving access to diagnosis.

Cross-Cultural Differences in the Experience of Grandparent–Grandchild Relationships and Related Psychosocial Outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert Hayslip ◽  
Ray M. Toledo ◽  
Craig E. Henderson ◽  
R. Mishelle Rodriguez ◽  
Daniela M. Caballero Vela
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Relational Experience ◽  
The U.S

This study examined grandchildren’s perceptions of the quality of their relationship with their grandmothers and how these perceptions relate to psychosocial outcomes. Eighty-two youth from Mexico and 99 youth from the United States aged between 13 and 16 participated. Results suggested that both cultures benefit in unique ways from positive relationship with their grandmothers. Yet, there were also differences in the relational experience of grandmother–grandchild relationships across cultures. Specifically, grandchildren in the U.S. sample reported higher relationship quality, relational competency, and self-efficacy than the grandchildren in the Mexico sample. Within the U.S. sample, relationship quality was associated with grandchildren’s relational competence, while in the Mexico sample, relationship quality was associated with self-efficacy. Limitations of the present study include restricted generalizability to other age groups and to grandfathers and that only one element of the grandparent–grandchild dyad was sampled. Longitudinal research will improve our understanding of the causal dynamics of grandparent–grandchild relationships.

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