scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Entrepreneurial Ecosystems in a Transitional Economy: An Analysis of Two Romanian City-Regions through the Lens of Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Grigore ◽  
Irina-Maria Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Transitional Economy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽  
City Regions ◽  
Point Of No Return ◽  
Political Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Impact

The entrepreneurial ecosystem, one of the latest trends for researchers and practitioners, has the potential to increase our understanding of entrepreneurship. Existing research was conducted mostly in developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to bring to light the particularities of entrepreneurial ecosystems in two important city-regions of Romania, which should result in a better understanding of the specific context of this transitional economy. Starting from the models of entrepreneurial ecosystems proposed in the literature, we added an element specific to most post-communist states: political entrepreneurs, underlying the impact of their presence for the evolution and sustainability of entrepreneurial ecosystems. The research design was a qualitative exploratory study. The study focused on a sample of 21 entrepreneurs from two city-regions in Romania: Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca. The interviews were based on open-ended questions prompting the respondents to engage in a storytelling approach to describe their experiences as entrepreneurs in a volatile environment, along with their perceptions. The data were analyzed based on a descriptive phenomenological approach using thematic analysis. The main findings, resulting from the qualitative interview data, are that although entrepreneurship, both in results and mentality, is well-established, seemingly over the “point of no return”, the particular context is still making things rough for entrepreneurial activity. The results suggest a strong need for coherent policies at local and national levels.

The Impact of Corruption on Entrepreneurship

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Gil Avnimelech ◽  
Yaron Zelekha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Impact

There is a consensus that corruption may result in high societal costs. A growing body of research reveals the negative effects of corruption on a variety of economic indicators. This chapter presents a literature review on the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship. It allows us to suggest that one of the transition channels through which corruption has impacted growth is entrepreneurship. The main channels in which corruption impacts entrepreneurship is through reduced incentives for entrepreneurial activity and reduced trust within the system. The authors present evidence that the negative impact of an incremental increase in the level of corruption on entrepreneurship is more harmful in developed countries than in developing countries. Thus, they stress the need for more research in this area with the aim of establishing appropriate frameworks for the fight of corruption in both developing and developed countries and suggest significant gains from anti-corruption efforts, especially in developed countries.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Orientation of Public Universities in Republic of Serbia-Empirical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Cvijić ◽  
Jovana Tatarski ◽  
Ivana Katić ◽  
Aleksandar Vekić ◽  
Jelena Borocki
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
State Universities ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
University Policies ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This study explores the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on the activities of state universities in the Republic of Serbia. Using the ENTRE-U scale, the researchers have graded the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) of the employees at state universities in the Republic of Serbia. In the theoretical part, the detailed literature review is provided, which contributes to a better understanding of terms like entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial university. Using data from 282 respondents who work at the state universities in the Republic of Serbia, the researchers validate the ENTRE-U questionnaire in a specific context. With this, it is proven that the ENTRE-U scale is applicable not only for developed countries but also for the developing countries, such as the Republic of Serbia. The general conclusion is that with using the ENTRE-U scale, it is possible to predict the level of innovativeness, as well as the nature of innovative activities that are conducted at state universities in the Republic of Serbia. The entrepreneurially oriented universities differ from those which lack entrepreneurial orientation by the extent of their research mobilization, unconventional approaches, the level of cooperation with industries, and the way university policies are implemented.

scholarly journals The Gender Issue in Entrepreneurship Activity: the Current Perception of Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
A. Kharlamova ◽  
A. Stavytskyy
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Maximum Similarity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gem Data

Today, the issue of gender and equal opportunities for women and men is raised more and more often. That is despite the fact that in developed countries there are very massive feminization trends. Нowever, the development of new technologies, the transition to online life brings gender issues to the fore in the context of new geoeconomic challenges, such as the development of creative industries, digitalization, rising unemployment, growing social and economic inequality. Looking to the future is impossible without understanding the impact of the past. This paper examines three countries, principle economic partners of Ukraine, which had a socialist past, although formed in different socio-cultural vectors, and those that show different rates of development and use different economic models. The working hypothesisis as follows: whether gender entrepreneurship differs in these countries. The database is taken from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM) and investigated using statistical and econometric methods. The results showed that with the maximum similarity of perceptions of entrepreneurs in analyzed countries, the gender difference still exists in the direction of greater entrepreneurial activity of women in the country, which shows higher economic performance today. It should be noted that the main problem and limitation of this study is the source of data, which is based on monitoring, which does not cover all countries of the world, so in particular it does not contain data on Ukraine. In addition, from the point of view of the input data collected by GEM, we have almost equal proportions of surveyed men and women, both in general and those engaged in entrepreneurial activities. But this is not fully representative. Because demographic composition in these countries differs. It is also worth noting that the GEM data is a survey conducted by a trusted institution in the country, which is not fully representative for cross-country comparison.

The Impact of Corruption on Entrepreneurship

2015 ◽  
pp. 282-294
Author(s):  
Gil Avnimelech ◽  
Yaron Zelekha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Impact

There is a consensus that corruption may result in high societal costs. A growing body of research reveals the negative effects of corruption on a variety of economic indicators. This chapter presents a literature review on the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship. It allows us to suggest that one of the transition channels through which corruption has impacted growth is entrepreneurship. The main channels in which corruption impacts entrepreneurship is through reduced incentives for entrepreneurial activity and reduced trust within the system. The authors present evidence that the negative impact of an incremental increase in the level of corruption on entrepreneurship is more harmful in developed countries than in developing countries. Thus, they stress the need for more research in this area with the aim of establishing appropriate frameworks for the fight of corruption in both developing and developed countries and suggest significant gains from anti-corruption efforts, especially in developed countries.

scholarly journals Support of Small and Medium-Sized Business as a Strategic Vector of Sustainable, Competitive and Balanced Development of the Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Ostovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Regional Competitiveness ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Specific Target ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strategic Reserve ◽  
Structural Shifts

Structural shifts in the country’s economy destabilize the macroeconomic situation and require consolidation of the efforts of the state as a whole and regions, in particular in the search for opportunities and internal reserves for increasing competitiveness. Today, the main strategic reserve capable of ensuring the development of the country and regions is entrepreneurial potential. The paper presents an analysis of the indicators of SMB development in developed countries, where its share in the GDP makes over 50 %. The author carries out the analysis of the development of small and medium-sized business in Russia, studies the documents regulating the issues of entrepreneurial activity and promoting the development of small and medium-sized business in the context of individual entrepreneurial initiative support. The plan of measures for the development of small and medium-sized entreprises in Russia with deadlines, responsible authorities and specific target indices is provided. The essence of entrepreneurial potential of the region is studied. An assessment of its components in the context of the impact on regional competitiveness is carried out. The recommendations and advantages of developing the potential of entrepreneurial structures of the region based on cluster associations are presented. The sequence of actions for the formation of a strategy for the transition to sustainable development of entrepreneurial structures is determined on the basis of the approach, which provides for the balance of the economic development of SMB.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Entrepreneurship at the Country Level: A Panel Data Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo Rodrigues Brás ◽  
Elias Soukiazis
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Speed Of Adjustment ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Dynamic Estimation ◽  
Financial Market Development ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of a variety of factors on the total entrepreneurial activity rate (TEA). A panel data approach of 26 developed countries was used to evaluate the simultaneous influence of the factors on TEA (2004–2011). Our findings show an inverse relationship between TEA and the initial capital effort; a direct relation between TEA, monetary freedom, investment freedom, financial market development and education; and a nonlinear concave relationship between TEA and the GDP per capita. The dynamic estimation approach shows a high speed of adjustment between the actual and desired rate of entrepreneurship. Overall, the main findings clarify which potential determinants have a real impact on entrepreneurial activity. Our contribution aims to help economic policymakers in developed countries to gain awareness of the main determinants of entrepreneurial activity at country level and thus to enable better decisions.

scholarly journals Female International Entrepreneurship: Financing Factors of Business Venturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Khavarinezhad ◽  
Paolo Pietro Biancone ◽  
Vahid Jafari-Sadeghi
Keyword(s):  
International Entrepreneurship ◽  
Financial Institution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Access To Finance ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The study explores the influence of financing drivers on female entrepreneurial activity. We study the interaction of financing elements on domestic entrepreneurial activities and the role of financing on female-oriented international entrepreneurship in the United States, Italy and France. We analyse entrepreneurship at the two levels of total entrepreneurial activities (TEA) and export function by applying a logistic regression model and, we hypothesise that financing factors are affected by the motivation of starting business and export activities. The findings reveal that there is a significant and positive relationship between women entrepreneurship and financial institution-fund supporting at the domestic level. They confirm a positive and strong impact of access to finance on women’s entrepreneurial activities in three selected countries. In addition, the positive effect of the perception of entrepreneurship capability (as an indicator for human capital) on access to finance is identified. The research highlights how the different effects of economic freedom led to differences in the management of a company and the associated decision-making of female entrepreneurs. Future research could contribute by comparing financing for women’s entrepreneurship in developing countries compared to developed countries. The study mitigates the large research gap in the female entrepreneurial literature by examining the impact of the relationship between access to finance and women's performance in the international arena. It sheds new light on the concept of female entrepreneurship and the foresight needed for starting an activity.

scholarly journals The Impact of Corruption on Entrepreneurship

Economics ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 981-993
Author(s):  
Gil Avnimelech ◽  
Yaron Zelekha
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The Impact

There is a consensus that corruption may result in high societal costs. A growing body of research reveals the negative effects of corruption on a variety of economic indicators. This chapter presents a literature review on the impact of corruption on entrepreneurship. It allows us to suggest that one of the transition channels through which corruption has impacted growth is entrepreneurship. The main channels in which corruption impacts entrepreneurship is through reduced incentives for entrepreneurial activity and reduced trust within the system. The authors present evidence that the negative impact of an incremental increase in the level of corruption on entrepreneurship is more harmful in developed countries than in developing countries. Thus, they stress the need for more research in this area with the aim of establishing appropriate frameworks for the fight of corruption in both developing and developed countries and suggest significant gains from anti-corruption efforts, especially in developed countries.

Structural Modeling of Institute of Entrepreneurship in Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Svetlana L. Sazanova
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Pattern Modeling ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the modern global economy; the share of products of small and medium enterprises in the gross product and exports not only of the developed but also of developing countries is growing. Innovation processes cover all sectors of the economy, and more and more people are involved in entrepreneurial activity, which contributes to the penetration of entrepreneurial thinking and business values in all areas of the socioeconomic life of society. The Institute of Entrepreneurship plays an increasingly prominent role in the institutional environment of socio-economic systems. This actualizes the problem of studying the relationship of the institution of entrepreneurship with the institutions of law, culture, management. This requires a methodology that allows you to explore the impact on the institute of entrepreneurship not only economic, but also non-economic factors. The methodology of the “old” institutionalism possesses such a tool, it is structural modeling (pattern modeling), which allows to explore the diversity of interrelationships of the institution of entrepreneurship with other components of the institutional and economic environment. The article explored the features of the development of the institution of entrepreneurship in Russia, established the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship, values, motives and incentives for entrepreneurial activity, built a structural model of the institution of entrepreneurship based on the methodology of the old institutionalism (pattern modeling). The structural model of the institution of entrepreneurship reveals the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship, the values of entrepreneurial activity, its motives and incentives; as well as the relationship between the institution of entrepreneurship with the institutions of governance, cultural and religious institutions, legal institutions and society.

59. General medicine residents' perception of the mini-CEXs

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
S. Malhotra ◽  
R. Hatala ◽  
C.-A. Courneya
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Medical Teacher ◽  
The Impact

The mini-CEX is a 30 minute observed clinical encounter. It can be done in the outpatient, inpatient or emergency room setting. It strives to look at several parameters including a clinical history, physical, professionalism and overall clinical competence. Trainees are rated using a 9-point scoring system: 1-3 unsatisfactory, 4-6 satisfactory and 7-9 superior. Eight months after the introduction of the mini-CEX to the core University of British Columbia Internal Medicine Residents, a one hour semi-structured focus group for residents in each of the three years took place. The focus groups were conducted by an independent moderator, audio-recorded and transcribed. Using a phenomenological approach the comments made by the focus groups participants were read independently by three authors, organized into major themes. In doing so, several intriguing common patterns were revealed on how General Medicine Residents perceive their experience in completing a mini-CEX. The themes include Education, Assessment and Preparation for the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons Internal Medicine exam. Resident learners perceived that the mini-CEX process provided insight into their clinical strengths and weaknesses. Focus group participants favored that the mini-CEX experience will benefit them in preparation, and successful completion of their licensing exam. Daelmans HE, Overmeer RM, van der Hem-Stockroos HH, Scherpbier AJ, Stehouwer CD, van der Vleuten CP. In-training assessment: qualitative study of effects on supervision and feedback in an undergraduate clinical rotation. Medical Education 2006; 40(1):51-8. De Lima AA, Henquin R, Thierer J, Paulin J, Lamari S, Belcastro F, Van der Vleuten CPM. A qualitative study of the impact on learning of the mini clinical evaluation exercise in postgraduate training. Medical Teacher January 2005; 27(1):46-52. DiCicco-Bloom B, Crabtree BF. The Qualitative Research Interview. Medical Education 2006; 40:314-32.

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