scholarly journals Defining Dry Rivers as the Most Extreme Type of Non-Perennial Fluvial Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7202 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Vidal-Abarca ◽  
Rosa Gómez ◽  
María Sánchez-Montoya ◽  
María Arce ◽  
Néstor Nicolás ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Ecological Identity ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Flow Interruption ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Ephemeral Rivers ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Landscape Biodiversity ◽  
Fluvial Ecosystems

We define Dry Rivers as those whose usual habitat in space and time are dry channels where surface water may interrupt dry conditions for hours or a few days, primarily after heavy rainfall events that are variable in time and that usually lead to flash floods, disconnected from groundwater and thereby unable to harbor aquatic life. Conceptually, Dry Rivers would represent the extreme of the hydrological continuum of increased flow interruption that typically characterizes the non-perennial rivers, thus being preceded by intermittent and ephemeral rivers that usually support longer wet phases, respectively. This paper aims to show that Dry Rivers are ecosystems in their own right given their distinct structural and functional characteristics compared to other non-perennial rivers due to prevalence of terrestrial conditions. We firstly reviewed the variety of definitions used to refer to these non-perennial rivers featured by a predominant dry phase with the aim of contextualizing Dry Rivers. Secondly, we analyzed existing knowledge on distribution, geophysical and hydrological features, biota and biogeochemical attributes that characterize Dry Rivers. We explored the capacity of Dry Rivers to provide ecosystem services and described main aspects of anthropogenic threats, management challenges and the conservation of these ecosystems. We applied an integrative approach that incorporates to the limnological perspective the terrestrial view, useful to gain a better understanding of Dry Rivers. Finally, we drew main conclusions where major knowledge gaps and research needs are also outlined. With this paper, we ultimately expect to put value in Dry Rivers as non-perennial rivers with their own ecological identity with significant roles in the landscape, biodiversity and nutrient cycles, and society; thus worthy to be considered, especially in the face of exacerbated hydrological drying in many rivers across the world.

scholarly journals A Synthesis of Opportunities for Applying the Telecoupling Framework to Marine Protected Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 4450
Author(s):  
Vanessa Hull ◽  
Christian J. Rivera ◽  
Chad Wong
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sustainability Challenges ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats

The world’s oceans face unprecedented anthropogenic threats in the globalized era that originate from all over the world, including climate change, global trade and transportation, and pollution. Marine protected areas (MPAs) serve important roles in conservation of marine biodiversity and ecosystem resilience, but their success is increasingly challenged in the face of such large-scale threats. Here, we illustrate the utility of adopting the interdisciplinary telecoupling framework to better understand effects that originate from distant places and cross MPA boundaries (e.g., polluted water circulation, anthropogenic noise transport, human and animal migration). We review evidence of distal processes affecting MPAs and the cutting-edge approaches currently used to investigate these processes. We then introduce the umbrella framework of telecoupling and explain how it can help address knowledge gaps that exist due to limitations of past approaches that are centered within individual disciplines. We then synthesize five examples from the recent telecoupling literature to explore how the telecoupling framework can be used for MPA research. These examples include the spatial subsidies approach, adapted social network analysis, telecoupled qualitative analysis, telecoupled supply chain analysis, and decision support tools for telecoupling. Our work highlights the potential for the telecoupling framework to better understand and address the mounting and interconnected socioeconomic and environmental sustainability challenges faced by the growing number of MPAs around the world.

scholarly journals Goddess Worship and New Spirituality in the Postmodern World: a Brief Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
T. V Danylova
Keyword(s):  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
True Self ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
The Face ◽  
Spiritual Reality

Purpose. The paper aims at examining the phenomenon of the rebirth of the Goddess in the contemporary world. The author has used the hermeneutic approach and cultural-historical method, as well as the anthropological integrative approach. Theoretical basis. The study is based on the ideas of Carol Christ, Margot Adler, Miriam Simos, and Jean Shinoda Bolen. Originality. The rebirth of the Goddess is not a deconstruction of the God. The face of the Goddess is one side of the binary opposition "Goddess – God". Life on the earthly plane presupposes masculine and feminine dualism. However, these polarities are not mutually exclusive and mutually suppressive, but complementary to each other. The return of the Goddess to the throne and a profound appreciation of Femininity is a necessary step forward in establishing true equality and restoring lost harmony. As humanity returns to the Absolute that transcends duality, as divinity is revealed in feminine and masculine forms, and, finally, as humans get in touch with their true self, the two faces, feminine and masculine, will inevitably merge. Conclusions. Identifying herself with the images of the Goddesses, a woman develops self-awareness and self-acceptance that contribute greatly to her reintegration with a wider spiritual reality. The cult of the Goddess finds practical application in women’s lives. These are magical rituals, work with the archetypes, life-changing tours. Recognizing her right to the fullness of being, a woman overcomes rigid gender roles and stereotypes, ceases to be an object of manipulation and becomes the supreme arbiter of her own life.

A growing human footprint in the highlands

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Jacobsen ◽  
Olivier Dangles
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Aquatic Fauna ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
The Face

Chapter 9 reviews the threats imposed by human activities to aquatic life at high altitude. High altitude regions of the inter-tropical belt are generally much more densely populated than their temperate counterparts. Therefore, they are directly affected by a number of human-related disturbances such as land use changes, water contamination, use and diversion, and the introduction of invasive species. The chapter details several unique environmental conditions of high altitude environments that make their aquatic biota particularly at risk in the face of anthropogenic disturbances. Among others, glaciers concentrate pollutants, low oxygen concentrations affect the response of aquatic fauna to stress, ultraviolet B modifies the bioavailability of contaminants, high primary productivity of grasslands encourages cattle ranching and fuels fires over large scales, and isolated watersheds favour species extinction following biological invasions.

scholarly journals Survival of a long-lived single island endemic, the Raso lark Alauda razae, in relation to age, fluctuating population and rainfall

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Dierickx ◽  
R. A. Robinson ◽  
M. de L. Brooke
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Cape Verdean ◽  
Island Endemic ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Population Sizes

AbstractEstimating and understanding variation in survival rates is crucial for the management of threatened species, especially those with limited population sizes and/or restricted ranges. Using a capture-resighting dataset covering 2004–2017, we estimate adult survival in the Raso lark Alauda razae, a Critically Endangered single-island Cape Verdean endemic, whose population varied 25-fold during the study. Average annual adult survival was similar for males (0.813 ± 0.011) and females (0.826 ± 0.011) over the period. These values are high for a temperate passerine but not unusual for an insular tropical species like the lark. The oldest bird was recorded 13 years after first ringing. There was strong evidence that survival varied among years (between 0.57 and 0.95), being generally higher in wetter years. Survival, especially of males, was lower when the population was large, but only in drier years. Survival declined with age but there was no evidence that this decline was other than linear. High survival, even in the face of dry conditions, at least when the population is depressed, has probably contributed to the persistence of the species on its 7 km2 island home over several centuries.

scholarly journals Evaluating the 35°C wet-bulb temperature adaptability threshold for young, healthy adults (PSU HEAT)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Vecellio ◽  
S. Tony Wolf ◽  
Rachel M. Cottle ◽  
W. Larry Kenney
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Temperature Threshold ◽  
Heat Gain ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Human Adaptability ◽  
The Face ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Warming Rate ◽  
Environmental Limits

A wet-bulb temperature of 35°C has been theorized to be the limit to human adaptability to extreme heat, a growing concern in the face of continued and predicted accelerated climate change. While this theorized threshold is based in physiological principles it has not been tested using empirical data. This study examined the critical wet-bulb temperature (Twb, crit) at which heat stress becomes uncompensable in young, healthy adults performing tasks at modest metabolic rates mimicking basic activities of daily life. Across six experimentally determined environmental limits, no subject's Twb, crit reached the 35°C limit and all means were significantly lower than the theoretical 35°C threshold. Mean Twb, crit values were relatively constant across 36-40°C humid environments and averaged 30.55±0.98 °C but progressively decreased (higher deviation from 35°C) in hotter, dry ambient environments. Twb, crit was significantly associated with mean skin temperature (and a faster warming rate of the skin) due to larger increases in dry heat gain in the hot-dry environments. As sweat rates did not significantly differ among experimental environments, evaporative cooling was outpaced by dry heat gain in hot-dry conditions, causing larger deviations from the theoretical 35°C adaptability threshold. In summary, a wet-bulb temperature threshold cannot be applied to human adaptability across all climatic conditions and where appropriate (high humidity), that threshold is well below 35°C.

scholarly journals Widespread dieback of riparian trees on a dammed ephemeral river and evidence of local mitigation by tributary flows

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin M. S. Douglas ◽  
Mark Mulligan ◽  
Xavier A. Harrison ◽  
Joh R. Henschel ◽  
Nathalie Pettorelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Channel Flow ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Riparian Trees ◽  
Ephemeral Rivers ◽  
Riparian Tree ◽  
Tree Dieback ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Individual Trees ◽  
Key Resources

Ephemeral rivers act as linear oases in drylands providing key resources to people and wildlife. However, not much is known about these rivers’ sensitivities to human activities. We investigated the landscape-level determinants of riparian tree dieback along the Swakop River, a dammed ephemeral river in Namibia, focusing on the native ana tree (Faidherbia albida) and the invasive mesquite (Prosopisspp.). We surveyed over 1,900 individual trees distributed across 24 sites along a 250 km stretch of the river. General linear mixed models were used to test five hypotheses relating to three anthropogenic threats: river flow disruption from damming, human settlement and invasive species. We found widespread dieback in both tree populations: 51% mortality in ana tree, with surviving trees exhibiting 18% canopy death (median); and 26% mortality in mesquite, with surviving trees exhibiting 10% canopy death. Dieback in the ana tree was most severe where trees grew on drier stretches of the river, where tributary flow was absent and where mesquite grew more abundantly. Dieback in the mesquite, a more drought-tolerant taxon, did not show any such patterns. Our findings suggest that dieback in the ana tree is primarily driven by changes in river flow resulting from upstream dam creation and that tributary flows provide a local buffer against this loss of main channel flow. The hypothesis that the invasive mesquite may contribute to ana tree dieback was also supported. Our findings suggest that large dams along the main channels of ephemeral rivers have the ability to cause widespread mortality in downstream riparian trees. To mitigate such impacts, management might focus on the maintenance of natural tributary flows to buffer local tree populations from the disruption to main channel flow.

Integrative approach to pain and other symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
David M. Steinhorn
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Integrative Medicine ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Available P ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Paediatric Palliative Care ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

Palliative care and integrative medicine (IM) share many of the same goals of alleviating suffering, restoring wholeness, enhancing resiliency in the face of health challenges, and optimizing opportunities for personal growth and healing. Integrative approaches often contribute a sense of peace and wholeness that cannot be achieved with pharmacologic means alone. A range of integrative modalities is discussed in this chapter, which fit well with paediatric palliative care medicine in developed countries, as a complement to conventional medical efforts to cure disease or thwart its progression and reduce suffering. They also play an important role in many of the countries in the world, where less access to conventional Western medical care is available.

High altitude waters in the face of climate change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean Jacobsen ◽  
Olivier Dangles
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Ice Melting ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Mountain Climate ◽  
The Face ◽  
Ecosystem Level

Chapter 8 focuses on the effects of warming and changes in precipitation patterns on aquatic life at high altitude. Located near the edge of their climatic limits, in regions where the rate of warming is generally amplified compared with lowlands, high altitude aquatic systems present a high sensitivity to climate change. Changes in mountain climate create a number of indirect effects on aquatic life through the control of hydrological systems and processes, particularly those associated with the cryosphere (e.g. permafrost and ice melting) and the soil–vegetation interface (e.g. treeline expansion). The chapter then presents the three basic options faced by all aquatic organisms as their environmental conditions alter as a result of climate change: adapt, migrate, or perish. At an ecosystem level, small changes in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics can be amplified into major shifts in limnological properties.

A Psycho-Behavioral Perspective on Modelling Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in Animals: The Role of Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (41) ◽  
pp. 5662-5689 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Wet Wolmarans ◽  
Dan J. Stein ◽  
Brian H. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
The Face

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a heterogeneous and debilitating condition, characterized by intrusive thoughts and compulsive repetition. Animal models of OCD are important tools that have the potential to contribute significantly to our understanding of the condition. Although there is consensus that pre-clinical models are valuable in elucidating the underlying neurobiology in psychiatric disorders, the current paper attempts to prompt ideas on how interpretation of animal behavior can be expanded upon to more effectively converge with the human disorder. Successful outcomes in psychopharmacology involve rational design and synthesis of novel compounds and their testing in well-designed animal models. As part of a special journal issue on OCD, this paper will 1) review the psychobehavioral aspects of OCD that are of importance on how the above ideas can be articulated, 2) briefly elaborate on general issues that are important for the development of animal models of OCD, with a particular focus on the role and importance of context, 3) propose why translational progress may often be less than ideal, 4) highlight some of the significant contributions afforded by animal models to advance understanding, and 5) conclude by identifying novel behavioral constructs for future investigations that may contribute to the face, predictive and construct validity of OCD animal models. We base these targets on an integrative approach to face and construct validity, and note that the issue of treatment-resistance in the clinical context should receive attention in current animal models of OCD.

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