scholarly journals The Agrarian, Structural and Cultural Constraints of Smallholders’ Readiness for Sustainability Standards Implementation: The Case of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil in East Kalimantan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2611
Author(s):  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan ◽  
Dyah Ita Mardiyaningsih ◽  
Faris Rahmadian ◽  
Bayu Eka Yulian ◽  
Heru Komarudin ◽  
...  

The expansion of oil palm plantation has caused adverse impacts on the ecosystem. It has been associated with deforestation, biodiversity loss, disturbances to environmental services and livelihood change. The government of Indonesia has made an effort to control the negative effects by issuing relevant policies. One of the policies is Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO)’s sustainability standards to which large-scale plantations and smallholders are obliged to adhere. This study assesses the readiness of two types of smallholders, namely, the nucleus–plasma scheme and independent smallholders to adopt ISPO standards. Using a case study research approach in two oil palm plantation villages in East Kalimantan, the study found out a number of ISPO implementation challenges, grouped into structural and socio-cultural challenges, which make smallholders less ready to adhere to this mandatory policy. Coping with these challenges, this study proposed that land and business legality programs be expedited to strengthen property rights, and that training and education programs be intensified to enhance awareness, knowledge and capacity of smallholders to enable them to comply with sustainability standards.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
mulono apriyanto bin sugeng rijanto

The oil palm plantation industry in Indonesia is faced with a strong view which suggests that the development of oil palm plantations in Indonesia has an impact on environmental damage. One effort currently made by the Indonesian government to ensure the sustainability of the development of the palm oil industry is to create a sustainability standard called The Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) which is mandatory. ISPO is a "guidance" for sustainable palm oil development, as well as a commitment to the implementation of various relevant laws and regulations in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of the ability of oil palm plantation companies in an area to meet the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) standards and identify the problems faced in achieving these standards. This research was conducted in the province of East Kalimantan in the period June 2012-May 2013. Evaluation of the company's ability to achieve the ISPO standard was carried out by the audit method, the results of the assessment of all parameters set according to the Principles, Criteria and Indicators contained in the ISPO provisions were then assessed in units percent. The results showed that the ability of plantation companies in East Kalimantan to meet ISPO standards had reached 79.14%. the capacity can still be increased up to 100% by increasing efforts to meet indicators that are not yet in accordance with ISPO regulations, namely; 1). Licensing and estate management systems, 2). Implementation of technical guidelines for oil palm cultivation and processing. 3). Environmental management and monitoring. 4). Responsibility towards workers. 5). Social and community responsibility. The determining factor for the achievement of ISPO standards is the commitment of plantation companies as business actors supported by adequate human resources to realize sustainable plantation development as well as the role of the government as the determinant of regulations in overseeing established policies. The socialization and training on the principles and criteria of ISPO standards to plantation companies needs to be immediately and more intensively carried out by the government together with the ISPO commission as an effort to accelerate the application of these standards. Dissemination and training are also needed so that the obstacles in achieving the standards of Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil principles and criteria can be overcome, because these efforts are part of the success factors of ISPO implementation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Iwan Muhamad Ramdan ◽  
Krishna Purnawan Candra ◽  
Herry Purwanto

Latar Belakang: Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia pada tahun 2006 memperkirakan 1-5 juta kasus keracunan pestisida setiap tahun pada pekerja pertanian dengan kematian mencapai 220.000 korban. Sekitar 80% keracunan pestisida dilaporkan di negara-negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia. Pada 10 tahun terakhir, luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Timur meningkat sebesar 7,7%. Pada tahun 2017 perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kalimantan Timur mencapai 1,2 juta ha dengan jumlah pekerja mencapai 234 ribu orang. Hingga saat ini belum pernah ada kajian dampak paparan pestisida terhadap gangguan kesehatan dengan indikator kadar cholinesterase. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan tingkat keracunan penyemprot perkebunan kelapa sawit yang mengaplikasikan herbisida paraquat.Metode: Penelitian cross-sectionaldengan metoda sampling acak sederhana telah dilakukan pada 326 penyemprot dari 10 perkebunan kelapa sawit yang menggunakan herbisida paraquat, untuk mengidentifikasi prevalensi keracunan dan faktor risikonya. Tingkat keracunan pestisida diukur berdasarkan kadar enzim cholinesterase darah menggunakan Tintometer kit. Usia, masa kerja, dan area penyemprotan per hari dikumpulkan dengan wawancara langsung. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji Spearman.Hasil:Penyemprot herbisida sebagian besar berusia >26-34 tahun (31,9%), mempunyai masa kerja < 5 tahun (76,1%), menyemprot area seluas < 4 ha per hari (84%). Toksisitas ringan dialami oleh 29 orang penyemprot (8,9%). Keracunan ringan herbisida tersebut berkorelasi signifikan dengan usia (p=0,000) dan area penyemprotan per hari (p=0,014).Kesimpulan: Prevalensi keracunan paraquat di kalangan pekerja penyemprot herbisida di perkebunan kelapa sawit relatif rendah. Penggunaan herbisida dengan dosis yang lebih rendah dan pengurangan area semprot menjadi faktor penting untuk dipertimbangkan dalam usaha pencegahan keracunan herbisida yang lebih buruk.ABSTRACTBackground: In 2006, World Health Organization estimates a number of 1-5 million cases of pesticide poisoning per year in agricultural workers with deaths reaching of 220,000 casualties. About 80% of pesticide poisoning was reported in developing countries, including Indonesia. In the last ten years, palm oil plantation area in East Kalimantan increased at 7.7%. In 2017, palm oil plantation covered an area of 1,2 billion ha with 234.000 workers. Until now, there is no study on pesticide exposure on health disorder with indicator using cholinesterase level.Methods: A cross-sectional study has been conducted using simple random sampling on 326 sprayers from 10 oil palm plantations using paraquat herbicide to identify herbicide poisoning prevalence, and its risk factor. The pesticide poisoning rate was measured based on blood cholinesterase enzyme level using a Tintometer kit. Age, working period, and spraying area per day were collected by direct interview. Data were analysed by Spearman test.Result: The most sprayer workers was at age of > 26-34 years (31.9%), having working experience <5 years (76.1%), implementing a spray area per day of <4 ha (84%). A mild toxicity was experienced by 29 sprayers (8.9%). The prevalence of paraquat herbicide was correlated significantly with age (p=0.000) and spraying area per day (p=0.014).Conclusion: The prevalence of paraquat among herbicide sprayer at oil palm plantation was relative low. Application of herbicide with lower doses and reducing the spraying area are the necessary factors to be considered in order to prevent the herbicide poisoning become worst.


Author(s):  
Alfin Nur Zakiyah

The covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on various aspects of life. With various new policies taken regarding the Covid-19 pandemic, new adaptations are needed for our lives. The existence of the PSBB policy (large-scale social restrictions), social distancing and stay at home forced everyone during this pandemic to carry out all activities from home on an online basis. Likewise in the education sector, which must adapt to new habits related to policies during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing student management at the Mohammad Hatta Islamic Elementary School during the Covid-19 pandemic based on research. This research is a case study research using a descriptive qualitative research approach to describe the findings obtained after the research. The data in this study were collected by means of interviews, observation and documentation study. The research results show that in a managerial system, the activities in this institution have been systematically organized even though they are still adapting to the latest policy updates from the government. This institution strives to continue to optimize student activities amidst the limitations of meeting face to face.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 262-280
Author(s):  
Eko Tama Putra Saratian ◽  
Harefan Arief ◽  
Yanto Ramli ◽  
Mochamad Soelton

Papua is one of the regions that currently receives a lot of investment in plantations and palm oil commodity processing, which previously only focused on Sumatra and Kalimantan. One of the reasons for investment in agribusiness to attract investors and the government is the contribution of the agricultural sector to Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is around 13.96% in the third quarter of 2017, so that the agricultural sector is one of the second largest contributors to GDP after the manufacturing industry. The agricultural sector is dominated by the plantation sub-sector, where the largest plantation production in Indonesia is palm oil, and Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of palm oil. The objectives of this research are to find out whether investment in oil palm plantation and processing in Papua falls into the "investment" category in Moody's rating and to find out how to make investment in plantations and oil palm processing in Papua fall into the "investment grade" and / or category. can increase the rating through Moody's. This study uses a quantitative research approach. Participants in this study used a purposive sampling technique, where the data collected was obtained from primary data and secondary data. Analysis of the data used in this study is Moody's rating analysis. Data processing is carried out by conducting a spreading assessment of the company's financial statements for the last 3 years to obtain values for historical ratio assessment variables and balance sheet factors, as well as by conducting an assessment of industry / market, company and management variables. After all the input and analysis is carried out, the output is obtained in the form of an investment feasibility rating "B2" with the risk category "Medium Risk". Thus, the company is classified as "investment grade" or feasible for investment, but the B2 score is included in the lowest investment grade category, so improvements are needed so that grading increases and attracts investors. For future researchers, it is advisable to conduct research on a wider sample coverage and emphasize corporate actions that must be carried out.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-194
Author(s):  
Valentina Sokoastri ◽  
Doni Setiadi ◽  
Arif Rakhman Hakim ◽  
Andre Dani Mawardhi ◽  
M Lukman Fadli

Forty percent of the total oil palm plantation area in Indonesia belong to the smallholder palm oil plantations. The productivity of smallholder oil palm plantations is still relatively low, only around 2-3 tons of CPO/ha/year under PBN dan PBS. The aim of this study is to identify internal dan external constraints that cause low productivity of smallholder oil palm dan the recommended solutions. This research was taken in Sanggau dan Sintang Regencies which are the largest areas of smallholder palm oil plantation in West Borneo. Data obtained were analyzed by SWOT. The results showed that there were four main strategies to increase productivity dan solve problems on oil palm plantation in Sanggau dan Sintang Regencies, namely, 1) intensifying technical training of oil palm cultivation to increase the farmers’ knowledge dan capabilities, 2) increasing the role dan ability of farmer institutions both farmer groups dan ‘koperasi’ in establishing cooperation with stakeholders dan in marketing fresh fruit bunch (FFB), 3) escalating the awareness dan understanding of farmers in using digital information technology to support their business activities on oil palm, dan 4) strengthening the government protection against middlemen.


2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan ◽  
Fredian Tonny Nasdian ◽  
Baba Barus ◽  
Rilus A Kinseng ◽  
Yoyoh Indaryanti ◽  
...  

The expansion of oil palm plantations run very quickly within two decades in Indonesia. It provides a certain amount of risk against natural resources and the environment. These risks are mainly landscape changes, ecosystems changes and livelihood system change of the rural society.  In order to suppress risk, sustainability standards for plantation operation, needs to be implemented.  One of the instruments that ensure sustainability standards is ISPO (Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil).  However, its implementation is still limited to be voluntary.  In the near future, ISPO will be implemented as mandatory for all business model of oil palm plantation as well as for oil palm mills.  This research is about to find out the readiness of the oil palm smallholders to implement ISPO, in particular with regard to the parameters of land seeds legality, land legality, and knowledge on the management of the environment. This research was conducted in several villages in three locations, namely in Riau, Central Kalimantan and East Kalimantan Province. A number of respondents were withdrawn from each village and were selected using simple random sampling method. The results showed that land legality parameter, legality of the seed, and knowledge of oil palm smallholders about environmental management reveals unreadiness of the smallholder to carry out ISPO certification. Thus, the risk of a oil palm plantation expansion towards natural resources and the environment, will still be a great challenge in the future.


Author(s):  
Febri Admiral ◽  
Zainul Daulay ◽  
Ulfanora Ulfanora

The development of the oil palm plantation industry in Indonesia in the last two decades is growing very rapidly. This plantation industry is of course very dependent on the availability of land that will be used to grow oil palm both from land controlled by the State and communal land and community agricultural land. With the need for land that is very much, of course the government must make the necessary regulations and also have to ascertain whether the regulations that have been made have been carried out by the business actors and whether the surrounding communities benefit from the existence of the oil palm plantation industry.Koperasi BIMA I Nagari Abai, which in this paper is the object of research, is one of the realization of the oil palm plantation industry that obtained land from the Nagari Abai community and partnered with the community to give their land in a cooperative forum. Complete legal relationship with all rights and obligations that are formed because the partnership program comes from the existence of a partnership agreement between PT. Binapratama Sakatojaya as adoptive father and cooperative of BIMA I Nagari Abai as adopted son and PT. Bank Mandiri, Tbk. as a credit provider for the construction of the Koperasi BIMA I plasma plantation.In the implementation of the partnership several problems were discovered that must be resolved immediately. Some of these problems are: legal relations that occur between PT. BPSJ with Bank Mandiri and Koperasi BIMA I related to the details of the debt and financing of the Koperasi BIMA I plasma plantation; in addition, there is also a large number of under-hand transfers of plasma plantations that are not in accordance with the rules of land law and the Articles of Association of Koperasi BIMA I Nagari Abai.


Mousaion ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Mutsagondo ◽  
Getrude Maduyu ◽  
Godfrey Tsvuura

This paper discusses the challenges of records management that arise from the use of adapted buildings as records centres in Zimbabwe, despite the advantages of using such buildings. A qualitative research approach was used as well as a case study research design. Data were collected from seven officers of the Gweru Records Centre through semi-structured interviews. Personal observation was used to triangulate findings from interviews. It was found that the use of adapted buildings as records centres was a cheaper and quicker way of establishing records centres throughout the country. However, a number of preservation, security and management challenges cropped up as the conditions of the buildings and the environment of the adapted buildings were not conducive to the proper and professional management of records. This study is important in that it explores the prospects and challenges of using adapted buildings as records centres in Zimbabwe, an area that has not been researched by many authors. This provokes archival authorities and the government to seriously consider establishing purpose-built records and archival centres.


POPULIKA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Ramadhan Dwi Purwanto ◽  
Alam Mahadika

The market demand for oil palm commodities does make the plantation business a very profitable endeavor. The high demand led to the massive clearing of oil palm plantations in East Kalimantan that resulted in land exploitation. In addition, the concept of poverty alleviation by the government in East Kalimantan by relying on employment from palm oil plantations then added a new problem that is deforestation and changes in the local people's system to be discussed in this journal. This research uses qualitative descriptive. The result in the Get is 1.) The job opening brought about a new problem of community economic vulnerability due to an error in understanding the concept of poverty and the existence of fundamental source of blindness. 2.) East Kalimantan Region is only a land that is not followed by access to education and health and the assurance of a decent life for the company. 3.) The change of the living system depends only on one commodity of oil palm 4.) The exploitation of this land has an ongoing impact on deforestation in East Kalimantan, which is detrimental to the existence of diversity of plants, animals and local communities.


Author(s):  
Nuruly Myzabella ◽  
Lin Fritschi ◽  
Nick Merdith ◽  
Sonia El-Zaemey ◽  
HuiJun Chih ◽  
...  

Background: The palm oil industry is the largest contributor to global production of oils and fats. Indonesia and Malaysia are the largest producers of palm oil. More than a million workers are employed in this industry, yet there is a lack of information on their occupational health and safety. Objective: To identify and summarize occupational hazards among oil palm plantation workers. Methods: A search was carried out in June 2018 in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Ovid. Relevant publications were identified by a systematic search of four databases and relevant journals. Publications were included if they examined occupational hazards in oil palm plantation workers. Results: 941 publications were identified; of these, 25 studies were found eligible to be included in the final review. Of the 25 studies examined, 19 were conducted in Malaysia, 2 in Costa Rica, and one each in Ghana, Indonesia, Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, and Cameroon. Oil palm plantation workers were found to be at risk of musculoskeletal conditions, injuries, psychosocial disorders, and infectious diseases such as malaria and leptospirosis. In addition, they have potential exposure to paraquat and other pesticides. Conclusion: In light of the potential of palm oil for use as a biofuel, this is an industry with strong growth potential. The workers are exposed to various occupational hazards. Further research and interventions are necessary to improve the working conditions of this already vast and growing workforce.


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