Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series

Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in the growth of reproductive plant parts. Its deficiency and/or toxicity are widespread in arid and semi-arid soils with low clay contents. This study was planned to determine the response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., non-leguminous crop) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis L., leguminous crop) to boron (0, 2, 4, and 16 µg g−1) on four distinct soil series from Punjab, Pakistan i.e., Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region), Typic Torrifluvent (Shahdra region), Halic Camborthid (Khurianwala region), and Udic Haplustalf (Gujranwala region). Overall, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in yield between the sorghum (3.8 to 5.5 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) and cowpea (0.2 to 3.2 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) in response to B application. The highest yield was observed in both sorghum and cowpea either in control or at 2 µg g−1 B application in all four soils. Cowpea showed the same yield trend in all four soils (i.e., an increase in yield at 2 µg g−1 B application, followed by a significant decrease at the higher B levels). In contrast, sorghum exhibited greater variability of response on different soils; Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region) produced the greatest yield at low levels of B application. However, Halic Camborthid produced its lowest yield at that level. Boron concentration in shoots increased with the levels of B application, particularly in sorghum. In cowpea, the plant growth was extremely retarded—and most of the plants died at higher levels of B application even if a lower concentration of B was measured within the shoot. Hot water-extractable B was the most available fraction for cowpea (R2 = 0.96), whereas the easily exchangeable B was most available for sorghum (R2 = 0.90). Overall, these results have implications for micronutrient uptake for both leguminous and non-leguminous crops.

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Development of Mucoadhesive Buccal Drug Delivery System of Propranolol Hydrochloride Using Aster ericoides Mucilage

Drug Delivery Letters ◽

10.2174/2210303109666191010164201 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 133-148

Author(s):

Ankaj Kaundal ◽

Pravin Kumar ◽

Rajendra Awasthi ◽

Giriraj T. Kulkarni

Keyword(s):

Buccal Cavity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Hot Water ◽

Fickian Diffusion ◽

Aster Ericoides ◽

Dimensional Network ◽

Buccal Tablet ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Volunteer Group

Aim: The study was aimed to develop mucoadhesive buccal tablets using Aster ericoides leaves mucilage. Background : Mucilages are naturally occurring high-molecular-weight polyuronides, which have been extensively studied for their application in different pharmaceutical dosage forms. Objective: The objective of the present research was to establish the mucilage isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides as an excipient for the formulation of the mucoadhesive buccal tablet. Method: The mucilage was isolated from the leaves of Aster ericoides by maceration, precipitated with acetone and characterized. Tablets were prepared using wet granulation technique and evaluated for various official tests. Results: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Conclusion: The mucilage was found to be non-toxic on A-431 and Vero cell lines. It was insoluble but swellable in cold and hot water. The results indicate that mucilage can form a three-dimensional network. The pH of the mucilage (6.82 ± 0.13) indicated that it might be non-irritant to the buccal cavity. The mucilage was found to be free from microbes. The release of drug was by Fickian diffusion. The in vivo buccal tablet acceptance was 80%. No significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of standard and Aster tablets treated volunteer group was recorded. Other: However, to prove the potency of the polymer, in vivo bioavailability studies in human volunteers are needed along with chronic toxicity studies in suitable animal models.

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MUC1 and MUC5AC Acting on Helicobacter pylori-Related Deficiency and Solid Syndrome of Spleen and Stomach

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/9761919 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ling Hu ◽

Wanqun Chen ◽

Ming Cheng ◽

Ting Zhang ◽

Shaoyang Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Blue Staining ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tai Ji ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Heat Syndrome ◽

The Relationship

To investigate the relationship of MUC1, MUC5AC, and the syndrome of spleen and stomach, 109 subjects (34 peptic ulcer (PU), 62 chronic gastritis (CG), and 13 healthy volunteers (CON)) were included. All the subjects included were surveyed with questionnaire to classify them into damp-heat syndrome of spleen and stomach (DHSS), spleen-qi deficiency syndrome (SQD), and CON, examined by gastric endoscope, and biopsied. Rapid urease and methylene blue staining (MBS) were performed on every subject to diagnose for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection, and both were defined as Hp-positive. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed on every specimen to explore the histomorphology, inflammatory degree, and inflammatory activity of different groups; then Elivision™ plus kit was used to test the expression of MUC1 and MUC5AC. All the results of digital images were reviewed by two experts blindly. The inflammatory degree with Hp infection was higher than those uninfected or CON, but no significant difference was found between DHSS and SQD. And the expressions of MUC5AC with positive Hp was higher than those with negative Hp or CON regardless of the deficiency and solid syndrome of spleen-stomach but not for MUC1. We speculate that the deficiency and solid syndrome of spleen-stomach is a condition like Tai Ji symbol of dynamic equilibrium, showing the higher expression of MUC5AC but no change of MUC1 in the circumstance of Hp infection.

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CONSEQUENCES OF Cu and Zn COATED UREA TO MINIMIZE AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.9209 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (6-12) ◽

Author(s):

Saima Kalsoom Babar ◽

Mohd Khanif Yusop ◽

Shakeel Ahmed Babar ◽

Aijaz Ali Khooharo

Keyword(s):

Ammonia Volatilization ◽

N Uptake ◽

Soil Series ◽

Nh3 Volatilization ◽

N Losses ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Coated Urea ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Range Test ◽

Cu And Zn

Nitrogen (N) losses from agricultural fields are commonly observed particularly from urea. The rate of urea hydrolysis is accelerated as it remains in conventional form and about 70% of applied urea losses in different forms to atmosphere. Ammonia volatilization is persuasive loss among all the losses from urea. Therefore to minimize ammonia (NH3) volatilization the micronutrient coated urea is applied to enhance N-efficiency and its uptake. This study is an application of micronutrient coated urea with zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) for two soil series of Malaysia. A laboratory experiment was designed according to the force draft technique for trapping the NH3 loss. The results have manifested that the rate of ammonia volatilization was 16% from uncoated urea and 8% from coated urea with micronutrients during the first two weeks of observations. After the six weeks of observations it was perceived that the ammonia losses for both soil series were gradually decreased with time. The mean comparison by using Tukey’s range test has shown the positive effect of micronutrient coated urea in comparison with the conventional urea. However the urea coated with the combination of both micronutrients Cu and Zn has shown significant difference in contrast to the coating urea with single micronutrient. The overall results revealed the efficacy of micronutrient coated urea on both of the soil series to maximize N-uptake and reduce NH3 volatilization.

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QUANTIFICATION OF MAJOR PHYTOCHEMICALS OF SWERTIA CHIRAYITA, A MEDICINAL PLANT FROM NEPAL

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v17i0.4118 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 59-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Susanna Phoboo ◽

Marcia Da Silva Pinto ◽

Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽

Pramod Kumar Jha ◽

Kalidas Shetty

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plant ◽

High Performance ◽

Cultivated Plants ◽

Swertia Chirayita ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Central Nepal ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Cultivated Plant ◽

Array Detection ◽

Important Medicinal Plant

Swertia chirayita is an important medicinal plant from Nepal with anti-diabetic, anti-pyretic, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory potential and used in therapeutic herbal preparations in parts of South Asia. The main phytochemicals in crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of different plant parts of Swertia chirayita collected from nine different districts of Nepal representing West, East and Central Nepal were quantified using HPLC/DAD (High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Diode Array Detection). The quantities of these phytochemicals were also compared between wild and cultivated plant parts of Swertia chirayita. Amarogentin, mangiferin, swertiamarin were the main phytochemicals in all extracts. The highest quantity of all the three phytochemicals was found in IL (inflorescence and leaf mixture) of all the collected plants samples. There was no significant difference in the amounts of these three phytochemicals between extracts from wild and cultivated plants. The result from this study substantiates the validity of cultivated Swertia chirayita for medicinal purposes and trade.Key words: Swertia chirayita; HPLC/DAD; Wild; Cultivated; Phytochemicals; Quantification; Mangiferin; Swertiamarin; AmarogentinDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4118EcoprintAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 17, 2010Page: 59-68Uploaded date: 3 January, 2011

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Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI) - A Study of 100 Cases

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v9i1.1421 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

MM Shahin-Ul-Islam ◽

Md Zahirul Haque ◽

Saki Md Jakiul Alam ◽

Mesbahuddin Noman ◽

FM Siddiqui

Keyword(s):

Chronic Venous Insufficiency ◽

Venous Insufficiency ◽

Leg Pain ◽

Advanced Stage ◽

College Hospital ◽

Prolonged Standing ◽

Burning Pain ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ceap Classification ◽

Relationship Of

This study was carried out in the out patient department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. 100 patients presented with chronic venous insufficiency during the period of January 2005 to June 2005 were studied to find out the various modes of presentation, risk factors and relationship of symptoms with age, sex and Body Mass Index of the patients. It was found that, maximum patients presented with heaviness in the leg (87%), followed by aching leg pain (75%), leg swelling (70%), cramping leg pain (68%), tiredness (48%), burning pain (43%), engorged leg vein (39%), restless leg at night (21%), throbbing leg pain (18%), itching (13%), various skin changes without active ulceration (7%) and active leg ulceration only 3% of cases. Increasing age of the patients, obesity, increasing number of pregnancy, prolonged standing and sitting position at work were found to be positively correlated with CVI. Advanced age is associated with more advanced stage of CVI according to clinical CEAP classification. There is almost equal sex distribution among the stages of CVI except in advanced stage, in stage C4, C5 and C6 there is 10 patients out of them 9 are male and only 1 is female. Relationship of symptoms with BMI of the patients were also sort out and found that, in C3 group of CEAP classification out of 61 patients 46 are obese according to BMI, of which 32 are female and 14 are male and only 17 patients have BMI within normal range, but in other group there is no significant difference in incidence between two groups. Â DOI = 10.3329/jom.v9i1.1421 J MEDICINE 2008; 9 : 20-26

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Effect Of Modular Distance Learning Approach To Academic Performance In Mathematics Of Students In Mindanao State University-Sulu Senior High School Amidst Covid-19 Pandemic

Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences ◽

10.37275/oaijss.v4i2.64 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 407-430

Author(s):

Jainalyn Annong Aksan

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Distance Learning ◽

Senior High School ◽

Learning Approach ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stem Students ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Grade 11

The existence of COVID-19 pandemic brought extraordinary challenges to the stakeholders, teachers, parents, and students. Thus, the researcher believed that there is an effect of teaching-learning process in new normal education to students’ performance most especially using modular type of learning in Mathematics. With this, the study sought to determine the perception of the students regarding modular distance learning approach (MDLA) in Mathematics, identify the challenges of the students, examine the effect of MDLA to academic performance of students in Mathematics, determine the level of academic performance of students, determine the significant difference on perceptions when they grouped according to their gender and age, and determine the relationship of students’ perceptions regarding MDLA to their academic performance in Mathematics. The descriptive research design was utilized in this study. The researcher gathered one hundred seventy eight (178) grade 11 STEM students currently enrolled in MSU-Sulu Senior High School through the use of purposive random sampling. The survey questionnaire was applied in the study. Mean, frequency counts and percentage, t-test for independent samples, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and person product-moment correlation were used to analyze and interpret the data. Based on the result, the study revealed that students’ perceptions agreed on using modular distance learning approach (MDLA). It means the students had positive perceptions regarding MDLA in Mathematics. The study also revealed that students agreed on using modular distance learning approach (MDLA) in Math have little challenges. It had also a positive effect to students’ performance in which students performed very satisfactory in Mathematics which means they had good quality performance. However, the study also revealed that it has no significant difference on their perceptions when they are grouped by gender and age which means the students had the same perceptions. Moreover, the findings revealed that there is no enough evidence to conclude that there is significant relationship of the students’ perceptions to the academic performance of the STEM grade 11 students using the new method of teaching modular distance learning approach (MDLA) amid COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the researcher concluded that the academic performances of STEM students were not affected by their perceptions in MDLA. This means that the quality of performance did not depend on their perceptions. And the researcher also concluded that this approach helped students to improve their math performance. Since it proved that this approach improved the mathematical understanding and helped the students to have good performance then the researcher recommended that MDLA must be continued in face-to-face instruction and highly recommended to use modules. Teachers guided those who need special attention and need to prepare easy type of modules in Mathematics to understand well. Any member of the family can help to guide and serve as para-teachers. Trainings, workshops, and seminars should be provided to the teachers to improve themselves and academic performances of the students.

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Comparison between Steiner cephalometric and modified Andrews photometric method for assessing antero-posterior position of the maxillary central incisors.

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh190213100v ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 (11-12) ◽

pp. 670-675

Author(s):

Predrag Vucinic ◽

Djordje Petrovic ◽

Stojan Ivic ◽

Sanja Vujkov

Keyword(s):

Vertical Line ◽

Photometric Method ◽

Facial Features ◽

Tooth Position ◽

Facial Esthetics ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Levels ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Posterior Position

Introduction/Objective. Maxillary incisors, when exposed during smile, are one of the most important facial features. In an attempt to overcome limitations of standard cephalometric methods, Andrews described an approach to determine ideal anteroposterior (AP) position of maxillary central incisors in smiling profile in relation to the forehead. We compared traditional Steiner cephalometric method, using surrounding skeletal landmarks, to the method proposed by Andrews, with the aim of determining whether distant but very noticeable craniofacial structures can affect our impression of tooth position. Methods. The study comprised 90 randomly selected lateral cephalograms, divided into three groups according to maxillary central incisors AP position according to Steiner cephalometric norms. The AP relationship of the maxillary central incisors was measured as a perpendicular distance from facial axis point to the nasion A line and to the vertical line through forehead facial axis point respectively. Student?s t-test and Pearson?s correlation were used to compare tested variables. Results. There was statistically significant difference between two methods (p = 0.01108). According to the Steiner method 46.67% subjects had retrusive incisors and 53.33% subjects had protrusion. Andrews?s method showed different results; 35.56% subjects had retrusion, while 64.4% had protrusion. Conclusion. The method proposed by Andrews showed consistently more protrusion than the traditional cephalometric method according to Steiner. Slightly retruded position of maxillary central incisors according to Steiner analysis does not always imply poor facial esthetics, if they have favorable position to the forehead. Low levels of correlation indicate that we should never rely on just one set of parameters.

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The Relationship of Surgeon Handedness and Experience on Operative Duration and Hearing Improvement in Ipsilateral and Contralateral Otologic Surgeries

Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.32412/pjohns.v35i2.1505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 17

Author(s):

Gillian Barzaga

Keyword(s):

Hearing Improvement ◽

Ear Surgery ◽

Hearing Gain ◽

Operative Duration ◽

Left Handed ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgeon Experience ◽

The Right ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the relationship of the surgeon handedness and operative site laterality on operative duration and hearing improvement in otologic surgery, and to further explore whether this relationship may be related to surgeon experience. Methods:Design: Retrospective CohortSetting: Tertiary Private Teaching HospitalParticipants: Seventy-three (73) patients aged 18 to 65 years old who underwent primary ear surgery under general anesthesia between January 2016 and December 2019 were retrospectively divided into two groups: 39 contralateral and 34 ipsilateral. The operative durations and hearing improvements were compared using independent t-tests, with consideration of surgeon experience in years further stratifying patients. Results: There was no significant difference in operative duration, t(71) = 1.14, p = .26, between the contralateral (M = 281.95 minutes, SD = 71.82) and ipsilateral (M = 261.15, SD = 79.26) groups. This same pattern was more pronounced among surgeons with 10+ years of experience although there was also no significant difference in operative time, t(33) = 1.31, p = .19 for both ipsilateral and contralateral surgeries There was no statistically significant difference, t(36) = -0.72, p = .47, in overall mean hearing gain among patients in the contralateral (M = +2.22 dB, SD = 10.54) and ipsilateral (M = +5.12 dB, SD = 14.26) groups. Although the difference was also not statistically significant, t(16) = -1.94, p = .07 for contralateral (M = 0.00, SD = 5.43) and ipsilateral (M = +7.95 dB, SD = 11.52) procedures performed by surgeons with experience of 10 years or more, a mean hearing gain of +7 dB in the ipsilateral group compared to 0 dB in the contralateral group was notable. Conclusion: This study did not prove that regardless of surgeon experience, right-handed surgeons operating on the right ear and left-handed surgeons operating on the left ear have better ear surgery outcomes of operative duration and hearing improvement compared to right- handed surgeons operating on the left ear and left-handed surgeons operating on the right ear. Future studies on larger samples with more complete data may yet demonstrate this effect.

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Sodium Status and Its Association with Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Yazd, Iran

Journal of Nutrition and Food Security ◽

10.18502/jnfs.v4i3.1311 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Abolfazl Dashti- Rahmat Abadi ◽

Hassan Mozaffari- Khosravi ◽

Mahdieh Nemayandeh ◽

Mohammad Hosein Soltani ◽

Masoud Mirzaei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Excretion ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Urinary Sodium ◽

Health Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

Relationship Of

Background: Studies on the relationship of urinary sodium with overweight and obesity led to controversial results. Furthermore, no study has ever investigated the association between sodium status and obesity in Iranian adults. The present study examined the association of urinary sodium levels with overweight and obesity in adults living in Yazd, Iran. Methods: The present study recruited 240 adults randomly selected from adults, who participated in Yazd Health Study (YaHS). A 24-hour urine sample was collected from the participants. Participants' demographic information, history of chronic diseases, and smoking status were obtained. The height and weight of the participants were also assessed using standard methods. We compared the weight and body mass index (BMI) of the participants based on the urinary sodium excretion tertiles. The logistic regression model in crude and multivariable adjusted models was used to compare the odds of obesity between urinary sodium tertiles. Results: The findings showed that the mean urinary sodium was not significantly different among overweight, obese, and individuals with normal BMI (P > 0.05) using the crude and multivariable models. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in the mean BMI according to urinary sodium excretion tertiles. In addition, the analyses showed that the sodium status was not significantly associated with odds of developing obesity in crude and in multivariable adjusted models. Conclusion: No significant relationship was seen between sodium status and overweight or obesity. Future prospective studies are highly recommended to confirm these results.

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Degradation of Gel-Coat Layer in Glass/Polyester Laminate in Seawater Environment

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.183.107 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 183 ◽

pp. 107-110

Author(s):

M. Landowski ◽

M. Budzik ◽

K. Imielińska

Keyword(s):

Water Sorption ◽

Water Environment ◽

Hot Water ◽

Subsurface Cracks ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Microscopic Studies ◽

Seawater Environment ◽

Small Cracks ◽

Coat Layer ◽

Different Thickness

Glass/polyester laminate coated with gelcoat layer of different thickness 0,5; 1,5; 3 mm was studied in terms of blistering behaviour and water sorption in hot water environment. Blistering was found to be accelerated for thin (0,5 mm) gel-coat layer compared to the thick (1,5; 3 mm), however no significant difference in blistering behaviour was observed between the laminates with gel-coat thickness 1,5 and 3 mm which may suggest that increasing the gel-coat thickness is effective only to a certain thickness limit. Microscopic studies demonstrated that blistering behaviour was related to the formation of subsurface cracks – longer and less densely distributed in thin gel-coat layers in contrast to numerous small cracks formed in the thick gel-coats.

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