scholarly journals High Voltage Electric Discharge for Recovery of Chlorogenic Acid from Tobacco Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4481
Author(s):  
Marija Banožić ◽  
Antun Jozinović ◽  
Jovana Grgić ◽  
Borislav Miličević ◽  
Stela Jokić
Keyword(s):  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tobacco Waste

Three fractions of tobacco waste (scrap, dust and midrib) were subjected to a high voltage electric discharge (HVED) assisted extraction procedure under different experimental conditions: solvent:solid ratio (300, 500, 700 mL/g), frequency (40, 70, 100 Hz) and treatment time (15, 30, 45 min), in order to study the influence of these conditions on the content of chlorogenic acid. The content of chlorogenic acid ranged from 1.54 to 3.66 mg/100 g for scrap, from 1.90 to 2.97 mg/100 g for dust, and from 2.30 to 3.38 mg/100 g for midrib extract, showing a strong dependence on the applied process parameters. The temperature change and the change in pH and electrical conductivity of the extracts after high voltage discharge treatment were also observed. The studied process parameters showed a statistically significant effect on the chemical and physical properties of the extracts from tobacco waste as well as on the content of chlorogenic acid, indicating the potential of HVED assisted processes in the separation of chlorogenic acid from tobacco industry waste. Multiple regression analysis was used to fit the results for the chlorogenic acid to a second order polynomial equation and the optimum conditions were determined.

Study on the Rice Straw Pretreated with NaOH for Biogasification

2011 ◽  
Vol 197-198 ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Jia You Li ◽  
Xiao Mei Ye ◽  
Jian Xing Yu ◽  
Li Ling Cai ◽  
Shan Ming Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Naoh Pretreatment ◽  
Main Factors

In this study, Box-Behnken design (BBD) and response surface analysis (RSA) methodology were employed to plan experiments and optimize the NaOH pretreatment of rice straw. Experimental results showed that concentration of NaOH (CS), treatment time (TT) and ratio of rice straw with NaOH (RS) were main factors governing the biogasification of rice straw. The polynomial equation describing the biogasification as a simultaneous function of the CS, TT and RS was confirmed. The FTIR analysis and SEM images of straws further confirmed that NaOH could disrupt the silicified waxy surface, break down the lignin-hemicellulose complex and partially remove silicon and lignin from the pretreated rice straw.

scholarly journals High-Voltage Electric Field-Assisted Thawing of Frozen Tofu: Effect of Process Parameters and Electrode Configuration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiang Ding ◽  
Jiabao Ni ◽  
Zhiqing Song ◽  
Zhiwei Gao ◽  
Shilong Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Electrode Configuration ◽  
Thawing Process ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Electric Parameters ◽  
Thawing Rate

Applying high-voltage electric field (HVEF) to some food materials has been shown to increase the thawing rate. To investigate the effect of process parameters and electrode configuration in high-voltage electric field system, we took the frozen tofu as the research object and investigated the influence of the different voltages, electrode configuration, and electrode distances on thawing process. The thawing time, center temperatures, and loss rate of samples were measured. The results showed that the thawing time of frozen tofu decreases with the increase of voltage and the thawing time has a great relevance with configuration and distance of electrodes. The electric parameters have a major effect on thawing loss and thawing time when center temperatures of frozen tofu are from −2°C to 0°C. This work provides clues and experimental basis for the further application of high-voltage electric field thawing technology.

Multiple Rock Breakdown in Electrodischarge Technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 712 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Vladislav M. Vazhov ◽  
Sergey Y. Datskevitch ◽  
Mikhail Y. Zhurkov ◽  
Vasily M. Muratov ◽  
Arild Rødland
Keyword(s):  
Electric Discharge ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Voltage Pulse ◽  
Rock Fracture ◽  
High Voltage Pulse ◽  
Electric Strength ◽  
Drilling Process ◽  
Drill Bit ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Experimental Technology

The article covers the research of the electric strength and fracture of rocks that are undergone multiple breakdowns generated by electric discharge rock fracture and drilling technologies. The research outcomes allow proposing an experimental technology able to determine operating high voltage pulse values in the electric discharge drilling process where one should take into account such factors as the rock re-crushing and the drill bit shift cyclicity.

scholarly journals On active chlorine

1934 ◽  
Vol 147 (861) ◽  
pp. 309-332
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Active Chlorine ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Electrically Charged ◽  
Atomic Chlorine

Evidence has long been available that a modification of chlorine of abnormal chemical activity is produced by an electric discharge in this gas. The greater part of the earlier work was conducted under very badly defined experimental conditions which render the various researches difficult to correlate, but the properties of this “active chlorine” may be summarized as follows:— ( a ) It possesses abnormal bleaching powers, and can react in the cold and the dark with acetic acid to form the monochlor derivative; with benzene it gives the hexachloride, while with toluene the combination occurs mainly in the side chain. ( b ) They yield of active gas is enhanced by irradiation of the discharge, by cooling, and by the presence of moisture. ( c ) It has a life period of at least 75 secs, but is destroyed by heating, passage through water, and the action of another discharge; it is not electrically charged and does not possess as abnormal density.§ ( d ) Since only very small changes in pressure follow passage of a discharge in a closed system containing chlorine, the active modification does not presumably represent an associated molecule such as Cl 3 .‖ Reference may also be made to papers by Venkataramaiah¶ who gives a number of chemical reactions of chlorine activated in various ways but his results must be treated with reserve (see Germann, idem ., p. 951). In the present experiments we have endeavoured to repeat and extend the earlier studies under better defined conditions, and conclude that the phenomena are very probably due to a trace of atomic chlorine whose behaviour is markedly dependent upon the surface characteristics of the apparatus.

Effect of Process Parameters on the Adsorption of Chromium VI on a Packed Bed Column (PBC) using Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Pejavara Narayana Gururaj ◽  
Kulathooran Ramalakshmi ◽  
Sureshkumar Sujithra ◽  
Ravichandran Shalini
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Heated Sample ◽  
Packed Bed Column ◽  
Chromium Vi

The objective of this study is to evaluate the different process parameters on adsorption of chromium VI on a packed bed column using Vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides) and to examine the effect of pH, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) at a constant contact time of 10 minutes at a temperature of 40 ºC under two experimental conditions namely, tannery effluent with and without microwave treatment. The results revealed that microwave heating process had a higher impact on chromium (VI) adsorption than normal heating process. The pH values of microwave treated sample were found to be 6.65±0.65 when compared to normal heated sample where the pH was 4.62±0.72 when compared to the initial pH of effluent found to be 3.47±0.58. Further, a threefold reduction in BOD and COD values was observed in microwave treated vetiver sample which was around 86.73±1.43 and 107.90±2.82 mg/l respectively when compared to normal heated sample (250±1.45 and 200±2.65 mg/l respectively) and untreated effluent (780±2.53 and 920±3.86 mg/l respectively) which indicated the reduction of chromium VI present in the effluent water. It was also observed that the metal adsorption capacity of the vetiver powder and the adsorption characteristics were positively correlated with the FTIR and SEM analysis which confirmed the presence of chromium (VI) on the surface of vetiver.

Optimization of Agar Preparation Based on Transparency

2021 ◽  
Vol 1033 ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Ying Cai ◽  
Zhan Xia Wu ◽  
Zhao Yu Zhang ◽  
Zhang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Orthogonal Experiment ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Filtration Method

To meet the requirement for high transparency of agar gel used in tissue culture, bacteriological applications, and high-quality cosmetics and food, this study on improving the transparency of agar products was carried out by using activated carbon for decolorization and perlite for aiding filtration. The results showed that the pre-coating filtration method was better than that of the mixed slurry filtration, so an orthogonal experiment optimization was conducted using the pre-coating filtration method based on the single factor experimental results. The experimental results showed that the optimal process conditions based on the transparency index were: concentration of agar of 1.30%, activated carbon dosage of 0.80%, processing temperature of 95 °C, and treatment time of 20 min. Agar products with gel transparency of 58.93% and blue-ray whiteness value of 93.82 could be obtained under these experimental conditions. The order of the factors influencing the decolorization ratio of agar was as follows: activated carbon dosage > concentration of agar > processing temperature > treatment time. The experimental results provided effective procession methods for the production enterprises based on transparency and increased economic benefits, and it was of practical significance.

Nerve growth factor (NGF) acutely enhances high-voltage-activated calcium currents in molluscan neurons

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 2778-2781 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Wildering ◽  
J. C. Lodder ◽  
K. S. Kits ◽  
A. G. Bulloch
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Calcium Currents ◽  
Molluscan Neurons ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nerve Growth ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Lymnaea Neurons

1. Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a member of a family of molecules (the neurotrophins) that can regulate the survival and/or outgrowth of many vertebrate cells. NGF also induces outgrowth from Lymnaea neurons under experimental conditions. Recent studies have shown that the neurotrophins can also acutely modulate some physiological properties of adult neurons. Here we examined the actions of NGF on high-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents in Lymnaea motoneurons. 2. NGF induced a dose-dependent and reversible increase in HVA Ca2+ currents within 2 min. 3. The threshold dose of the NGF-induced enhancement of HVA Ca2+ currents ranged between 1 and 1,000 pg/ml. In the most sensitive cells, the response saturated at doses higher than 1 ng/ml. 4. The results indicate that neurotrophins acutely modulate voltage-gated Ca2+ currents in molluscan neurons through a high affinity signal transduction pathway. The data support the existence of neurotrophins in invertebrates. Moreover, this property of NGF may explain the neuromodulatory actions of neurotrophins observed in various preparations.

Optimization of electric discharge machining process parameters on AA6351-Al2O3 composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 1051-1054
Author(s):  
M. Meignanamoorthy ◽  
M. Ravichandran ◽  
S. Sakthivelu ◽  
S. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
C. Chanakyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Electric Discharge Machining
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