Study on the Influence of Mounting Dimensions of PV Array on Module Temperature in Open-Joint Photovoltaic Ventilated Double-Skin Façades

In building integrated photovoltaics (PV), it is important to solve the heat dissipation problem of PV modules. In this paper, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to simulate the flow field around the open-joint photovoltaic ventilated double-skin façades (OJ-PV-DSF) to study the influence of the mounting dimensions (MD) of a PV array on the module temperature. The typical summer afternoon meteorological parameters, such as the total radiation (715.4 W/m2), the outdoor temperature (33.1 °C), and the wind speed (2.0 m/s), etc., are taken as input parameters. With the DO (discrete ordinates) model and the RNG (renormalization-group) k − ε model, a steady state calculation is carried out to simulate the flow of air in and around the cavity under the coupling of hot pressure and wind pressure, thereby obtaining the temperature distribution of the PV array and the wall. In addition, the simulation results are compared with the onsite experimental data and thermal imaging to verify the accuracy of the CFD model. Then three MD of the open joints are discussed. The results show that when the a value (represents the distance between PV modules and wall) changes from 0.05 to 0.15, the temperature drop of the PV module is the most obvious, reaching 2.0 K. When the b value (representing the distance between two adjacent PV modules in the vertical direction) changes from 0 to 0.1, the temperature drop of the PV module is most obvious, reaching 1 K. When the c value (represents the distance between two adjacent PV modules in the horizontal direction) changes from 0 to 0.1, the temperature of the PV module is lowered by 0.8 K. Thus, a = 0.1–0.15, b = 0.1 and c = 0.1 are recommended for engineering applications to effectively reduce the module temperature.

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Long-Term Reliability Evaluation of Silica-Based Coating with Antireflection Effect for Photovoltaic Modules

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9010049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kensuke Nishioka ◽

So Pyay Moe ◽

Yasuyuki Ota

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Test Site ◽

Reliability Evaluation ◽

Photovoltaic Modules ◽

Pv Array ◽

Pv Module ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Main Factors

Not all sunlight irradiated on the surface of a photovoltaic (PV) module can reach the cells in the PV module. This loss reduces the conversion efficiency of the PV module. The main factors of this loss are the reflection and soiling on the surface of the PV module. With this, it is effective to have both antireflection and antisoiling effects on the surface of PV modules. In this study, the antireflection and antisoiling effects along with the long-term reliability of the silica-based layer easily coated on PV modules were assessed. A silica-based layer with a controlled thickness and refractive index was coated on the surface of a Cu(In,Ga)Se2 PV array. The array was exposed outdoors to assess its effects and reliability. As a result of the coating, the output of the PV array increased by 3.9%. The environment of the test site was relatively clean and the increase was considered to be a result of the antireflection effect. Moreover, it was observed that the effect of the coating was maintained without deterioration after 3.5 years. The coating was also applied to a silicon PV module and an effect similar to that of the CIGS PV module was observed in the silicon PV module.

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The Impact Mitigation of Partial Shading on PV Array Power Generation

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.267 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 781 ◽

pp. 267-271

Author(s):

Santisouk Phiouthonekham ◽

Anucha Lekkruasuwan ◽

Surachai Chaitusaney

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Solar Irradiation ◽

Testing System ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Pv Array ◽

Pv Module ◽

Time Period ◽

Current Voltage ◽

Pv Modules ◽

The Impact

The impact of partial shading on photovoltaic (PV) array is discussed in this paper. The partial shading on PV array can significantly decrease the power generation of PV array. This study examines the modeling of PV module which relates with solar irradiation, temperature, and shading pattern. There are different shading patterns on PV array, such as one-string shading, two-strings shading, and much more. The characteristics of current-voltage (I-V) and voltage-power (V-P) curves for each individual the PV array can be different dependent on the multiple MPPs, maximum power points (MPPs). These multiple MPPs are basically lower than the MPP in case of no shading. Therefore, the total generated energy in an interested time period is usually reduced. As a result, this paper proposes the appropriate arrangement of PV modules in a PV array in order to mitigate the impact of partial shading. Finally, the proposed arrangement of PV modules is tested in a testing system. All the obtained results confirms that the proposed arrangement of PV modules is effective and can be applied in practice.

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Current Flow Analysis of PV Arrays under Voltage Mismatch Conditions and an Inverter Failure

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9235163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (23) ◽

pp. 5163 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Woo Gyun Shin ◽

Jong Rok Lim ◽

Gi Hwan Kang ◽

Young Chul Ju ◽

Hye Mi Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Current Flow ◽

Flow Analysis ◽

Reverse Current ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Electrical Characteristics ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Pv Array ◽

Pv Module ◽

Parallel Circuits ◽

Pv Modules

In PV (Photovoltaic) systems, the PV array is a structure in which many PV strings are connected in parallel. The voltage mismatch between PV strings, in which PV modules are connected in a series, occurs due to a voltage decrease in some modules. In this paper, research on the electrical characteristics of PV arrays due to a voltage mismatch was conducted. Considering the voltage mismatch, experiments on partial shading, the non-uniformity of irradiance, and the failure of bypass diodes were conducted on the PV module level. It was confirmed that the open-circuit voltage greatly decreased due to the failure of bypass diodes, which is among the causes of voltage mismatch. From the simulation results at the PV array level, it can be seen that a reverse current flowed into the low-potential string, which includes PV modules, causing the failure of the bypass diodes. Measuring the reverse current at one low-potential string, it was found that, in four parallel circuits, the reverse current was 12 A. For this reason, in large PV plants, an overcurrent can flow into the fuse due to the potential difference between strings, causing an output decrease of PV plants and the burnout of fuses.

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Thermal Patterns in PV Arrays Operating in Tropical Conditions: A Preliminary Approach

ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability ◽

10.1115/es2013-18349 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Rolando Soler-Bientz ◽

Lifter Ricalde-Cab ◽

Inés Riech Méndez

Keyword(s):

Wind Speed ◽

Crystalline Silicon ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Temperature Sensors ◽

Research System ◽

Pv Array ◽

Pv Module ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Thermal Patterns

This paper presents preliminary results of a field study focused in the study of the heat patterns of a PV array in tropical conditions. The research system is comprised by four sub arrays of four mono-crystalline Silicon PV Modules. The system was installed facing to the South direction in a static configuration according to the geographical location of the study site. A set of temperature sensors were installed on the back of the PV module in order to monitor their thermal patterns on daily basics. Ambient temperature, solar radiation on the PV surface and on the horizontal surface as well as the wind speed and wind direction have been also monitored concurrently with the thermal patterns of the whole PV array under study.

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Evaluation of Mathematical Model to Characterize the Performance of Conventional and Hybrid PV Array Topologies under Static and Dynamic Shading Patterns

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13123216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 3216 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Manoharan Premkumar ◽

Umashankar Subramaniam ◽

Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu ◽

Rajvikram Madurai Elavarasan ◽

Lucian Mihet-Popa

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Model ◽

Performance Analysis ◽

Fill Factor ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Pv Array ◽

Pv Module ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Power Maximization ◽

Global Peak

The analysis and the assessment of interconnected photovoltaic (PV) modules under different shading conditions and various shading patterns are presented in this paper. The partial shading conditions (PSCs) due to the various factors reduce the power output of PV arrays, and its characteristics have multiple peaks due to the mismatching losses between PV panels. The principal objective of this paper is to model, analyze, simulate and evaluate the performance of PV array topologies such as series-parallel (SP), honey-comb (HC), total-cross-tied (TCT), ladder (LD) and bridge-linked (BL) under different shading patterns to produce the maximum power by reducing the mismatching losses (MLs). Along with the conventional PV array topologies, this paper also discusses the hybrid PV array topologies such as bridge-linked honey-comb (BLHC), bridge-linked total-cross-tied (BLTCT) and series-parallel total-cross-tied (SPTCT). The performance analysis of the traditional PV array topologies along with the hybrid topologies is carried out during static and dynamic shading patterns by comparing the various parameters such as the global peak (GP), local peaks (LPs), corresponding voltage and current at GP and LPs, fill factor (FF) and ML. In addition, the voltage and current equations of the HC configuration under two shading conditions are derived, which represents one of the novelties of this paper. The various parameters of the SPR-200-BLK-U PV module are used for PV modeling and simulation in MATLAB/Simulink software. Thus, the obtained results provide useful information to the researchers for healthy operation and power maximization of PV systems.

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Experimental Investigation of PV Array Interconnection Topologies at Nonuniform Aging Condition for Power Maximization

GUB Journal of Science and Engineering ◽

10.3329/gubjse.v6i1.52049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

AA Mansur ◽

MAU Haq ◽

Md H Maruf ◽

ASM Shihavuddin ◽

Md R Amin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Output Power ◽

Power Production ◽

Aging Condition ◽

Science And Engineering ◽

Pv Array ◽

Pv Module ◽

Current Voltage ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Power Maximization ◽

Array Output

In vast Photovoltaic (PV) power plant the output power production decreases significantly due to the fact of non-uniform aging of PV modules. The non-uniform aging of PV modules increases current-voltage (I-V) mismatch among the array modules and causes mismatch power loss (MPL). There are different interconnection topologies of the PV module in an array to minimize MPL and thus maximize the array output power. This paper investigates four different interconnection topologies experimentally on a 4×4 nonuniformly aged PV array. Three different patterns of PV module rearrangement are used to investigate the performance of each interconnection topology in terms of array output power and MPL. The experimental results show that the proposed interconnection topology is yields about 3.28% (average) higher output power than that of the most commonly used series-parallel array topology. GUB JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING, Vol 6(1), Dec 2019 P 39-45

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Experimental Study of Thermal Response of PV Modules Integrated into Naturally-ventilated Double Skin Facades

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2014.02.142 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 1254-1261 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Leon Gaillard ◽

Christophe Ménézo ◽

Stéphanie Giroux ◽

Hervé Pabiou ◽

Rémi Le-Berre

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Thermal Response ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Double Skin ◽

Double Skin Facades

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Simulation-Based Shading Loss Analysis of a Shingled String for High-Density Photovoltaic Modules

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app112311257 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (23) ◽

pp. 11257

Author(s):

Jaesung Bae ◽

Hongsub Jee ◽

Yongseob Park ◽

Jaehyeong Lee

Keyword(s):

Solar Cell ◽

Vertical Direction ◽

Photovoltaic Modules ◽

Output Loss ◽

Loss Analysis ◽

Pv Module ◽

Simulation Based ◽

Pv Modules ◽

Divided Cell ◽

In Series

Shingled photovoltaic (PV) modules with increased output have attracted growing interest compared to conventional PV modules. However, the area per unit solar cell of shingled PV modules is smaller because these modules are manufactured by dividing and bonding solar cells, which means that shingled PV modules can easily have inferior shading characteristics. Therefore, analysis of the extent to which the shadow affects the output loss is essential, and the circuit needs to be designed accordingly. In this study, the loss resulting from the shading of the shingled string used to manufacture the shingled module was analyzed using simulation. A divided cell was modeled using a double-diode model, and a shingled string was formed by connecting the cell in series. The shading pattern was simulated according to the shading ratio of the vertical and horizontal patterns, and in the case of the shingled string, greater losses occurred in the vertical direction than the horizontal direction. In addition, it was modularized and compared with a conventional PV module and a shingled PV module. The results confirmed that the shingled PV module delivered higher shading output than the conventional PV module in less shade, and the result of the shading characteristic simulation of the shingled PV module was confirmed to be accurate within an error of 1%.

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Performansi aktual modul photovoltaik dengan pengarah matahari

Jurnal Teknik Mesin Indonesia ◽

10.36289/jtmi.v12i2.80 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jalaluddin . ◽

Baharuddin Mire

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Local Time ◽

Performance Characteristic ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Photovoltaic Module ◽

Experiment Data ◽

Actual Performance ◽

Pv Module ◽

Solar Tracking ◽

Pv Modules

Actual performance of photovoltaic module with solar tracking is presented. Solar radiation can be converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic (PV) modules. Performance of polycristalline silicon PV modules with and without solar tracking are investigated experimentally. The PV module with dimension 698 x 518 x 25 mm has maximum power and voltage is 45 Watt and 18 Volt respectively. Based on the experiment data, it is concluded that the performance of PV module with solar tracking increases in the morning and afternoon compared with that of fixed PV module. It increases about 18 % in the morning from 10:00 to 12:00 and in the afternoon from 13:30 to 14:00 (local time). This study also shows the daily performance characteristic of the two PV modules. Using PV module with solar tracking provides a better performance than fixed PV module.

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A Simple Mismatch Mitigating Partial Power Processing Converter for Solar PV Modules

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14082308 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2308

Author(s):

Kamran Ali Khan Niazi ◽

Yongheng Yang ◽

Tamas Kerekes ◽

Dezso Sera

Keyword(s):

Experimental Tests ◽

Energy Yield ◽

Power Electronic ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Partial Shading ◽

Loss Analysis ◽

Pv Systems ◽

Pv Module ◽

Pv Modules ◽

In Series

Partial shading affects the energy harvested from photovoltaic (PV) modules, leading to a mismatch in PV systems and causing energy losses. For this purpose, differential power processing (DPP) converters are the emerging power electronic-based topologies used to address the mismatch issues. Normally, PV modules are connected in series and DPP converters are used to extract the power from these PV modules by only processing the fraction of power called mismatched power. In this work, a switched-capacitor-inductor (SCL)-based DPP converter is presented, which mitigates the non-ideal conditions in solar PV systems. A proposed SCL-based DPP technique utilizes a simple control strategy to extract the maximum power from the partially shaded PV modules by only processing a fraction of the power. Furthermore, an operational principle and loss analysis for the proposed converter is presented. The proposed topology is examined and compared with the traditional bypass diode technique through simulations and experimental tests. The efficiency of the proposed DPP is validated by the experiment and simulation. The results demonstrate the performance in terms of higher energy yield without bypassing the low-producing PV module by using a simple control. The results indicate that achieved efficiency is higher than 98% under severe mismatch (higher than 50%).

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