scholarly journals Conceptual Comparison of Internal Audit and Internal Control in the Marketing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6691
Author(s):  
Václav Kupec ◽  
Přemysl Písař ◽  
Michal Lukáč ◽  
Gabriela Pajtinková Bartáková
Keyword(s):  
Internal Control ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
And Control

There is a conceptual problem in the adequate application of internal audit and internal control in the real business of the marketing environment. Although both of these managerial tools are theoretically defined, they are practically interchangeable in business. This limits their application. It is therefore necessary to focus on both concepts and make the theory and practice more precise or remove any overlaps. The aim of this paper is therefore a theoretical and practical comparison of internal audit and internal control concepts in the marketing environment. To fulfil this purpose and verify the hypotheses, this paper uses computer assisted self interviewing. The research was conducted in Q1 2021 with a sample of 3052 small and medium enterprises from the international environment of the EU 27. The research conclusions show a strong correlation of the theoretical perception of the terms of internal audit and internal control. At the same time, they show a weak correlation with the audit and control tools used in practice. They also define audit as planned independent assurance (soft consultation) and control as operational managerial assurance (hard comparison). This defines and clarifies scientific theories for managerial practice, thus enhancing and increasing the efficiency of internal audits and internal control in the business environment.

scholarly journals EVALUASI PENGENDALIAN INTERNAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN SISTEM PENERIMAAN DAN PENGELUARAN KAS PADA PELAKU UMKM DI KOTA BATAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Hardi Bahar ◽  
David Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Failure Rate ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
And Control ◽  
Sampling Approach

<p>UMKM merupakan Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) yang sangat berkontribusi bagi perekonomian Indonesia salah satunya terhadap produk domestik Bruto (PDB) yang semakin menggeliat dalam 5 tahun terakhir.Salah satu faktor ekonomi tingkat kegagalan entitas yang tinggi adalah kurangnya pengendalian internal. Dinas PMPKUKM, jumlah UMKM di Kota Batam sebanyak 1.007 UMKM yang terdiri 624 UMKM yang aktif dan 383 UMKM yang tidak aktif. Dalam hal ini UMKM yang tidak aktif tersebuttingkat kegagalannya yang dirasakan adanya kelemahan terjadi dalausahanya pada pengendalian internal terutama dalam penerimaan dan pengeluaran kas. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian iniuntuk melihat bagaimana evaluasi dan mengidentifikasi kelemahan <em>Internal control </em>dalam pengelolaan sistem penerimaan kas pada UMKM di Kota Batam.Sampel penelitianini diambil menggunakan pendekatan <em>probability sampling </em>dengan pendekatan <em>simple random sampling</em>. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 100 UMKM yang ada di Kota Batam.Pada pengolahan data dilakukan menggunakan Program Analisis Skala Guttman.Pengendalian internal dalam pengelolaan sistem penambahan dan pengurangan kaspada UMKM Kota Batam mengindikasikan bahwa elemen-elemen pada pengendalian internal yang dilakukan oleh para pemilik UMKM Cukup efektif akan tetapi ada beberapa aspek kelemahan yaitu1) Lingkungan Pengendalian yaitu Integritas dan nilai etika, Struktur Organisasi, Kebijakan 2) Penaksiran Resikodan 3) Informasi dan komunikasi.</p><p><em><span lang="EN-US">MSMEs are Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) which contributes to the Indonesian economy one of them to Gross domestic product (GDP) is increasingly stretched in the last 5 years. One of the economic factors of high entity failure rate. Dinas PMPKUKM, the number of MSMEs in Batam City as many as 1.007 UMKM consisting of 624 active SMEs and 383 UMKM who are not active. In this case the UMKM that is not active is the failure rate felt by the halal happening dalausahanya on internal control in cash receipts and disbursements. The purpose of this study to see how the evaluation and control weaknesses in SMEs in the city of Batam. The sample of this research is taken using probability sampling approach with simple random sampling approach. The sample of this research is 100 MSMEs in Batam City. In the data processing is done by using Guttman Scale Analysis Program. Internal control in the management of the system and at the MSME cash of Batam City has elements in the internal control performed by the owners of MSME. Effectively there will be some aspects of weaknesses that are 1) Control Environment that is Integrity and Ethics, Organizational Structure, Policy 2) Risk Assessment and 3) Information and communication.</span></em></p>

scholarly journals CONTROLS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON MANAGEMENT SUPPORT IN THE HUNGARIAN SECTOR OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Erika Ban ◽  
József Csernak
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Internal Auditing ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Internal Control System ◽  
Medium Enterprises

A certain level of internal auditing must be carried out by the enterprises to ensure corporate objectives are met and no faults or deficiencies are discovered in the course of official inspection. Internal auditing is an organic part of ERM (Enterprise Risk Management) while ERM is integrated into the business model. Internal auditing, which forms the sub-system of the corporate controlling system in addition to ownership audits, can be divided into two parts: the internal control system and independent internal audit. By means of the questionnaires of our exploratory research the controls and auditing methods that support management to the greatest extent have been identified. Its significance lies in the fact that such research on SMEs does not exist in Hungary as only the internal control system and auditing situation of larger companies have been revealed so far. The proportion of SMEs in Hungary is similar to that of the EU average so new information suitable for regional comparison has been created that also aligns the possible future direction of research.

scholarly journals Extrapolative Collaborative Filtering Recommendation System with Word2Vec for Purchased Product for SMEs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7156
Author(s):  
Kyoung Jun Lee ◽  
Yu Jeong Hwangbo ◽  
Baek Jeong ◽  
Ji Woong Yoo ◽  
Kyung Yang Park
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Filtering ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Recommendation System ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Share Data ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Start Ups

Many small and medium enterprises (SMEs) want to introduce recommendation services to boost sales, but they need to have sufficient amounts of data to introduce these recommendation services. This study proposes an extrapolative collaborative filtering (ECF) system that does not directly share data among SMEs but improves recommendation performance for small and medium-sized companies that lack data through the extrapolation of data, which can provide a magical experience to users. Previously, recommendations were made utilizing only data generated by the merchant itself, so it was impossible to recommend goods to new users. However, our ECF system provides appropriate recommendations to new users as well as existing users based on privacy-preserved payment transaction data. To accomplish this, PP2Vec using Word2Vec was developed by utilizing purchase information only, excluding personal information from payment company data. We then compared the performances of single-merchant models and multi-merchant models. For the merchants with more data than SMEs, the performance of the single-merchant model was higher, while for the SME merchants with fewer data, the multi-merchant model’s performance was higher. The ECF System proposed in this study is more suitable for the real-world business environment because it does not directly share data among companies. Our study shows that AI (artificial intelligence) technology can contribute to the sustainability and viability of economic systems by providing high-performance recommendation capability, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises and start-ups.

News production theory and practice

Pragmatics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Van Hout ◽  
Geert Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Process Analysis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Press Releases ◽  
News Production ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Business News ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

This paper considers notions of agency, interaction and power in business news journalism. In the first part, we present a bird’s eye view of news access theory as it is reflected in selected sociological and anthropological literature on the ethnography of news production. Next, we show how these theoretical notions can be applied to the study of press releases and particularly to the linguistic pragmatic analysis of the specific social and textual practices that surround their transformation into news reports. Drawing on selected fieldwork data collected at the business desk of a major Flemish quality newspaper, we present an innovative methodology combining newsroom ethnography and computer-assisted writing process analysis which documents how a reporter discovers a story, introduces it into the newsroom, writes and reflects on it. In doing so, we put the individual journalist’s writing practices center stage, zoom in on the specific ways in which he interacts with sources and conceptualize power in terms of his dependence on press releases. Following Beeman & Peterson (2001), we argue in favor of a view of journalism as ‘interpretive practice’ and of news production as a process of entextualization involving multiple actors who struggle over authority, ownership and control.

scholarly journals Strategic Planning and Competitive Advantage of ICT Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary B. Awino
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Balanced Score Card ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The Paper is the research findings on the role of strategic planning and competitive advantage of ICT Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya. Literature suggests that the contemporary business environment in which organisations operate is increasingly becoming uncertain and unpredictable. Significant changes are mostly driven by technological changes, globalisation and trade liberalisation. As a result, like large enterprises, SMEs are facing new and unexpected challenges that threaten their competitiveness. While most countries acknowledge the critical role that SMEs contribute to their economies, both as an engine of growth and sustainable development, many questions still remain unanswered as to the determination of the critical challenges facing SMEs and how these challenges could be addressed to improve their competitiveness. These challenges have increased the need for empirical information which is essential for decision making in addressing issues that are likely to enhance SMEs survival and growth. It is noted that there has been no adequate research studies on the role of strategic planning and competitive advantage of SMEs. This study contributes to the need to address the research gaps and thus explored the role of strategic planning and competitive advange of SMEs in Kenya. The study population consisted of 238 ICT SMEs from Nairobi and its environs. A sample size of 146 firms constituting 61 per cent of the total population was selected through stratified sampling. The study aimed to collect data from 438 respondents from top, middle and lower management teams. Structured questionnaires with closed and open ended questions was used for data collection, 239 responses were received from 123 ICT firms a response rate of 55 per cent and 84.2 per cent respectively. Key characteristics of strategic planning including formality, environmental analysis processes both internal and external orientations, strategies adopted, and implementation and control were recorded. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, correlation matrixes and regression analysis. The key findings revealed that strategic planning has significant and positive influence in performance of SME’s. The test of hypothesis revealed that strategic planning has positive and significant influence on competitive advantage. The study demonstrated strategic planning as a learning tool and a strategic resource which is consistent with the underlying assumptions of resource based theory, systems theory, chaos theory and balanced score card model assumptions. It is envisaged that, this kind of research is likely to generate useful discussions on the role of strategic planning and performance, of SMEs. It is apparent that entrepreneurs of SMEs cannot ignore strategic planning as significant changes in competitive advantage is the result of change or effective application of strategic planning. Policy makers and academicians may need to address the capacity needs of SMEs and develop strategic planning model that address the challenges that SMEs encounter in a dynamic environment.

scholarly journals Women Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh- Challenges and Determining Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Afroze ◽  
Md Kashrul Alam ◽  
Eliza Akther ◽  
Nahid Sultana Jui
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Sales Promotion ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The aim of this study is to find out the major challenges that hinder smooth operation of women entrepreneurs of Bangladesh. It also finds the reasons behind the success of the women entrepreneurship. Both primary and secondary data have been used to conduct the study. The questionnaire included questions about economic problems, family related issues, social constraints and other limitations faced by women entrepreneurs and the reasons behind their success. Women involved in various small and medium enterprises take on the challenge to work in a male-dominated society, competitive and complex economic and business environment. However, the identified challenges are inadequate capital, sales promotion, getting permission to start-up a business, gender discrimination, illiteracy and lack of knowledge among women, non-availability of training program and technical support, lack of managerial experience, in some cases young people make ill talk about the enterprise and so on. Personal qualities such as hard work and perseverance, management skills and marketing skills, support provided by their spouses or family are the main reasons behind the success of the women entrepreneurs. The level of participation of women in mainstream economic activities remains insufficient and the percentage of women in business is still much below than that of their male counterparts.Journal of Business and Technology (Dhaka) Vol.9(2) 2014; 27-41

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING DALAM PROSES AUDIT INTERNAL BAGI AUDITOR INTERNAL PT BANK SULUTGO

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reynaldi R. Mandagi ◽  
Sifrid S. Pangemanan ◽  
Heince R. N. Wokas
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Electronic Data Processing ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Electronic Data ◽  
And Control

Electronic Data Processing (EDP) is the use of automated methods for commercial data processing. As part of information technology, EDP performs repeated data processing of similar data with relatively simple forms of processing. Standar Profesional Akuntan Publik (SPAP) also emphasizes the need for auditor's understanding in examining a computer-based accounting system. This technique in Indonesian is known as Teknik Audit Berbantuan Komputer (TABK) or Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) set forth in PSA No. 59 on Computer Assisted Auditing Techniques (SA Section 327). The method used in this study is a qualitative descriptive method by collecting and analyzing data and then drawing conclusions. The results obtained show that young auditors are more adaptable to the development of information technology, especially in conducting computerized internal audit and control. Impacts given in the audit process include increasing independence for internal auditors, providing accuracy and speed in managing data, and producing output from more accurate audit data processing. Impact on internal controls is to make the auditor perform internal control procedures after applying the EDP in the audit process to minimize the possibility of process errors, secure the program and data, and control the audit process to ensure that the audit has been properly implemented. The audit process using EDP is faced with several risks such as errors in data processing caused by human error, data loss caused by computer problems, and the computer used is exposed to the virus.Keywords : Analysis, Electronic Data Processing, Internal Audit

scholarly journals Internationalization of Small and Medium Enterprises from Arusha Tanzania: Market Information, Financial Resources and Product Quality Setbacks

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Liliane Pasape
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Market Information ◽  
Processing Machinery ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are key players towards reviving the economy and livelihood development in Tanzania, yet their involvement in international business is still unsatisfactory. This study therefore assessed the three major setbacks for industrialization of Arusha’s SMEs namely as information, finance and quality. A cross-section research design was conducted using questionnaires. Through non-probability sampling, 50 respondents were stratified selected from SMEs owners, employees, business development support organizations and regulators. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and logit model. The findings on the existing business environment revealed that: majority of the SMEs involve women (68%) dealing with handcraft and tailoring, with less than five years of business experience. Moreover, the major identified information setbacks are low access to information source, use of irrelevancy market information, use of in effective medium of communication and high cost of the information. Besides, other financial related setbacks are limited sources of capital, lack of collateral, poor credibility history and high transaction cost. On quality setbacks include selling semi processed products, poor finished product and packaging materials as well insufficient processing machinery. Thus for SMEs internationalization the following recommendations are established: improving accessibility and affordability of relevant market information; designing various financial products at reasonable lending rates, strengthening entrepreneurial skills and formalization of enterprises; enhancing availability of processing machinery and packaging materials for improving product quality and competitiveness as well as avoiding selling of semi processed products . Above all, the government, regulators, private sector organizations and other key players along the value chain must play their respective relevant role towards supporting SMEs.

scholarly journals Small and Medium Enterprises in Mexico and the Craft Beer Sector in Baja California: Dynamic Capabilities, Culture, and Innovation

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-203
Author(s):  
Araceli Almaraz
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Baja California ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Symbolic Capital ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Craft Beer ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This article studies how Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating in emerging economies implement adaptative strategies to respond to constant changes in demand and global uncertainties, such as those stemming from the current SARS-COV2 pandemic. In this study the knowledge management capabilities used by SMEs in the craft beer sector in a region of northern Mexico are the focus of analysis. The objective is to present the competitive capabilities that craft beer sector has demonstrated in Baja California region and how small companies compete with the national industrial brewery and survive. Sources are data from a sample of companies and interviews with brewery owners, with which the analysis approaches, also, the Baja California business environment. The article highlights the routes of creativity, innovation, and symbolic capital of the companies in the region, and uses ideas from dynamic capabilities and knowledge management theoretical frameworks, to understand the craft brewery milieu. The conclusions in this article include the confirmation about the usefulness of these analytical frameworks based in the capabilities approach and the territorial knowledge. Also, the description of the existence of a complex Baja Californian milieu, where a multimodal scheme of craft beer characterized by different places of distribution and types of beer container, food-districts, at Mexicali, Tijuana, and Ensenada and a second generation of entrepreneur groups leading local business, is identified.

scholarly journals Effects of Corporate Entrepreneurship Dimensions on Organizational Performance: Case of Small and Medium Enterprises in Holeta Town, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Gemechu Abdissa ◽  
Abebe Ayalew ◽  
Csaba Bálint Illés ◽  
Anna Dunay
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Town

Small and medium enterprises are paying the lion’s share in the innovation-based economy of today’s competitive business environment. To this effect, this study observed the effects of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) dimensions on the performance of SMEs in the town of Holeta, Ethiopia. We used both descriptive and survey research designs to meet the specified target of the study. The researchers employed both primary and secondary data sources; the former were collected from 173 participants using both primary and secondary data. The result of this study indicates that all of the explanatory variables used were statistically significant and had a positive relationship with the performance of SMEs. Thus, we recommend that owners of small and medium enterprises pay special attention to practicing CE to increase their business performance, sustainability, and competitiveness. Entrepreneurs should also come up with new and attractive product and service features to take high market shares. Furthermore, forecasting potential challenges for firms and devising possible ways of solving the situation in advance can safeguard businesses from failure.

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