scholarly journals Susceptibility Analysis of Glacier Debris Flow by Investigating the Changes in Glaciers Based on Remote Sensing: A Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7196
Author(s):  
Ruoshen Lin ◽  
Gang Mei ◽  
Ziyang Liu ◽  
Ning Xi ◽  
Xiaona Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Correction Coefficient ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Susceptibility Analysis ◽  
Ablation Volume ◽  
Glacier Ablation ◽  
The Impact

Glacier debris flow is one of the most critical categories of geological hazards in high-mountain regions. To reduce its potential negative effects, it needs to investigate the susceptibility of glacier debris flow. However, when evaluating the susceptibility of glacier debris flow, most research work considered the impact of existing glacier area, while ignoring the impact of changes in glacier ablation volume. In this paper, we considered the impact of the changes in the glacier ablation volume to investigate the susceptibility of glacier debris flow. We proposed to evaluate the susceptibility analysis in G217 gullies with frequent glacial debris flow on the Duku highway, Xinjiang Province. Specifically, by using the simple band ratio method with the manual correction to identify glacier outlines, we identified the ablation zone by comparing the glacier boundary in 2000 with that in 2015. We then calculated ablation volume by changes in glacier elevation and ablation area from 2000 to 2015. Finally, we used the volume of glacier melting in different watersheds as the main factor to evaluate the susceptibility based on the improved geomorphic information entropy (GIE) method. We found that, overall, the improved GIE method with a correction coefficient based on the glacier ablation volume is better than the previous method. Deglaciation can be adapted to analyze glacier debris flow susceptibility based on glaciology and geomorphology. Our presented work can be applied to other similar glacial debris flow events in high-mountain regions.

scholarly journals Domain Heterogeneity in Radiofrequency Therapies for Pain Relief: A Computational Study with Coupled Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundeep Singh ◽  
Roderick Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Field Distribution ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Ablation Volume ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the current research work is to study the differences between the predicted ablation volume in homogeneous and heterogeneous models of typical radiofrequency (RF) procedures for pain relief. A three-dimensional computational domain comprising of the realistic anatomy of the target tissue was considered in the present study. A comparative analysis was conducted for three different scenarios: (a) a completely homogeneous domain comprising of only muscle tissue, (b) a heterogeneous domain comprising of nerve and muscle tissues, and (c) a heterogeneous domain comprising of bone, nerve and muscle tissues. Finite-element-based simulations were performed to compute the temperature and electrical field distribution during conventional RF procedures for treating pain, and exemplified here for the continuous case. The predicted results reveal that the consideration of heterogeneity within the computational domain results in distorted electric field distribution and leads to a significant reduction in the attained ablation volume during the continuous RF application for pain relief. The findings of this study could provide first-hand quantitative information to clinical practitioners about the impact of such heterogeneities on the efficacy of RF procedures, thereby assisting them in developing standardized optimal protocols for different cases of interest.

Impact of spatial data uncertainty in global debris flow susceptibility analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Kurilla ◽  
Giandomenico Fubelli
Keyword(s):  
Debris Flow ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Debris Flows ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Susceptibility Analysis ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Event Location ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Debris Flow Susceptibility

<p>There are many types and degrees of uncertainty associated with spatial data and processes. </p><p>There are many factors and attributes associated with debris flow analyses which are prone to uncertainty.  For simplicity, in this presentation, only two attributes of debris flow events are investigated along with the impact of their uncertainty on the determination of environmental predisposing factors.    These two attributes, critical to debris flow susceptibility analyses, are landslide classification and event location.  The associated predisposing factors studied herein are lithology, soils, climate, ecophysiographic units, topography, hydrology, and tectonics.</p><p>In a landslide susceptibility analysis, landslide event location accuracy is paramount yet often inaccurately known.  Landslide inventories are often constructed based on mapping from aerial imagery, media reports, and field work by third party sources; and in a data-driven approach to debris flow susceptibility analysis the landslide type is important in modeling the relevant predisposing factors distinctive to each landslide type. </p><p>In a study of global debris flow susceptibility an analysis of the impact between known location and a location accuracy offset, and landslide categorization uncertainty demonstrates the impact of uncertainty in defining the appropriate predisposing factors associated with debris flows.</p><p>This analysis is part of a larger debris flow global susceptibility determination which trains on known debris flow events and the predisposing factors associated with them to identify potential areas that may be susceptible to debris flows.  This study looks at the impact/differences that mis-categorization or location uncertainty have on the determination of predisposing factors, along with methods of conveying uncertainty information. </p>

scholarly journals Indoor pollution in high-altitude dwellings: An assessment of affecting factors across four Sherpa villages in the Khumbu region, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
Enrico Duo ◽  
Rosa Maria Bruno ◽  
Buddha Basnyat ◽  
Maniraj Neupane ◽  
Luca Pomidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Affecting Factors ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Indoor Pollution ◽  
Discharge System ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Effective Discharge ◽  
The Impact

Household air pollution (HAP) from biomass fuel smoke is a major health risk, especially in developing countries. The ventilation of buildings and the type of fume discharge could also affect HAP. The present study aims to investigate the impact of stove type and kitchen characteristics on levels of pollutants. In particular, we investigated the potential geometric ventilation of buildings using geometric ventilation index (GVI), the presence of chimneys, the type of fuel and the environmental carbon monoxide level (a marker of indoor pollution) in the households of four Sherpa villages located in a mountain region of Nepal at altitudes between 2500 and 3900 m. We analysed 114 buildings (76 private residences and 38 lodges that accommodate tourists). Lodges had a more effective discharge system and a higher GVI, which had an inverse, significant correlation with indoor CO levels (r = 0.52). The level of indoor CO was more than 50% higher in private residences than in lodges. In the univariate analysis, only the absence of a chimney was associated with higher indoor CO (OR 3.4 (CL95%, 1.2–10.0), p = 0.02). We conclude that the adoption of chimneys and sealed stoves with exhaust pipes should be the first measure taken to reduce pollutants inside the households of high mountain regions until a switch to clean fuels can be achieved.

Piezoelectric β-polymorph formation of new textiles by surface modification with coating process based on interfacial interaction on the conformational variation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 31301
Author(s):  
Nabil Chakhchaoui ◽  
Rida Farhan ◽  
Meriem Boutaldat ◽  
Marwane Rouway ◽  
Adil Eddiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Carbon Nanofillers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Applications

Novel textiles have received a lot of attention from researchers in the last decade due to some of their unique features. The introduction of intelligent materials into textile structures offers an opportunity to develop multifunctional textiles, such as sensing, reacting, conducting electricity and performing energy conversion operations. In this research work nanocomposite-based highly piezoelectric and electroactive β-phase new textile has been developed using the pad-dry-cure method. The deposition of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) − carbon nanofillers (CNF) − tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Si(OCH2CH3)4 was acquired on a treated textile substrate using coating technique followed by evaporation to transform the passive (non-functional) textile into a dynamic textile with an enhanced piezoelectric β-phase. The aim of the study is the investigation of the impact the coating of textile via piezoelectric nanocomposites based PVDF-CNF (by optimizing piezoelectric crystalline phase). The chemical composition of CT/PVDF-CNC-TEOS textile was detected by qualitative elemental analysis (SEM/EDX). The added of 0.5% of CNF during the process provides material textiles with a piezoelectric β-phase of up to 50% has been measured by FTIR experiments. These results indicated that CNF has high efficiency in transforming the phase α introduced in the unloaded PVDF, to the β-phase in the case of nanocomposites. Consequently, this fabricated new textile exhibits glorious piezoelectric β-phase even with relatively low coating content of PVDF-CNF-TEOS. The study demonstrates that the pad-dry-cure method can potentially be used for the development of piezoelectric nanocomposite-coated wearable new textiles for sensors and energy harvesting applications. We believe that our study may inspire the research area for future advanced applications.

Focus on Thermokarst Lakes in Indian Himalaya: Inception and Implication under Warming Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Pratima Pandey ◽  
S. Nawaz Ali ◽  
Vikram Sharma ◽  
Prashant K. Champati Ray
Keyword(s):  
Western Himalaya ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Thermokarst Lakes ◽  
Glacial Environments ◽  
Global Warming Scenario ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Topographic Depressions ◽  
Permafrost Thawing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Thaw Lakes

Thermokarst (Thaw) lakes are landforms found in topographic depressions created by thawing ground ice in permafrost zones. They play an important role in the regulation of climatic functions. These lakes are a manifestation of warming surface temperatures that accelerates the ice-rich permafrost to degrade by creating marshy hollows/ponds. In the current global warming scenario, the thermokarst lakes in the high mountain regions (Himalaya) are expected to grow further. This accelerate permafrost thawing which will affect the carbon cycle, hydrology and local ecosystems. This phenomenon has attracted huge scientific attention because it has led to a rapid mass change of glaciers in the region, including extensive changes occurring on peri-glacial environments. The most striking fact is the release of an enormous amount of greenhouse gases, including methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide that is locked in these lakes. The present study delves into the thermokarst lakes in the upper reaches of Chandra Valley and Western Himalaya. The study also aims at designating the impact of their changes on the ecosystem, particularly their influence on the atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations.

Microstructural and Mechanical Behaviour Evaluation of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy Friction Stir Welded Joint

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 8150-8159
Author(s):  
Kulwant Singh ◽  
Gurbhinder Singh ◽  
Harmeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Friction Stir Welding ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Impact

The weight reduction concept is most effective to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases from vehicles, which also improves fuel efficiency. Amongst lightweight materials, magnesium alloys are attractive to the automotive sector as a structural material. Welding feasibility of magnesium alloys acts as an influential role in its usage for lightweight prospects. Friction stir welding (FSW) is an appropriate technique as compared to other welding techniques to join magnesium alloys. Field of friction stir welding is emerging in the current scenario. The friction stir welding technique has been selected to weld AZ91 magnesium alloys in the current research work. The microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the produced FSW butt joints have been investigated. Further, the influence of post welding heat treatment (at 260 °C for 1 h) on these properties has also been examined. Post welding heat treatment (PWHT) resulted in the improvement of the grain structure of weld zones which affected the mechanical performance of the joints. After heat treatment, the tensile strength and elongation of the joint increased by 12.6 % and 31.9 % respectively. It is proven that after PWHT, the microhardness of the stir zone reduced and a comparatively smoothened microhardness profile of the FSW joint obtained. No considerable variation in the location of the tensile fracture was witnessed after PWHT. The results show that the impact toughness of the weld joints further decreases after post welding heat treatment.

Serving the People in Long Beach, California: Advancing Justice for Southeast Asian Youth through Community University Research Partnerships

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
R. Varisa Patraporn
Keyword(s):  
Asian American ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Community Based Participatory Research ◽  
Youth Empowerment ◽  
Long Beach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

Khmer Girl’s in Action is a nonprofit that successfully utilizes community-based participatory research (CBPR) with university partners to create social change for youth in Long Beach, CA. Based on semi-structured interviews and content analysis of news articles, I explore the impact and sustainability of this research work and the research partnerships. Findings highlight impacts such as youth empowerment, heightened awareness around community needs, policy change, and CBPR curriculum improvements in the field as impacts. Sustainability requires integrating research into program funding, utilizing a tailored training curriculum, building on community members prior relationships, and selecting partners that share common goals, levels of commitment, and flexibility. As funders demand more data to justify community needs, understanding more examples of such work in the Asian American community will be useful for informing future partnerships.

Impacto de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones: Una mirada en la Educación Superior

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Virginia Mero Suárez ◽  
Edwin Joao Merchán Carreño ◽  
Ana Del Rocío Fernández Torres ◽  
Narcisa María Crespo Torres
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
The Impact

El artículo aborda la necesidad de la creatividad que se impone en la era actual del conocimiento y la importancia que  constituyen las tecnologías como herramientas indispensables en todas las esferas de la vida. En Trabajo toma como campo investigativo los cambios que se llevan a cabo en esta esfera en la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí y la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Ecuador, donde se toman como objeto el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la Educación Superior. El objetivo de la investigación fue comunicar el impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en las Universidades, donde se hace énfasis en el nuevo rol de los docentes y su nuevo desempeño de facilitadores del aprendizaje en los educandos a través en los nuevos escenarios mediados por las tecnologías. Para el desarrollo exitoso de esta memoria investigativa se   usó como metodología instrumentos que se basaron fundamentalmente en documentos referativos que ayudaron a justificar el problema de investigación, el cual consistía fundamentalmente en el impacto de las nuevos  dispositivos tecnológicos y su utilidad en los centros de altos estudios del país. Se concluyó que las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación son herramientas indispensables en la docencia y al mismo tiempo la forma de intervenir en el diseño educativo que nos llevan a explorar nuevos métodos docentes en los escenarios educativos mediados por estas. Se constató además que estas herramientas favorecen satisfactoriamente al proceso si se tiene una buena preparación por parte del docente.   Palabras clave: Herramientas tecnológicas, universidades, formación, docencia universitaria, proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje Impact of information technology and communications: a look at higher education  Abstract The article states the need of the creativity that prevails in the current era of knowledge and the importance that technologies constitute in all spheres of life. In field research work it takes as changes take place in this area in Southern State University of Manabí and the Technical University of Babahoyo, Ecuador, where they are taken as an object the process of learning in higher education. The aim of the research was to communicate the impact of Information Technology and Communications in the universities, where the emphasis is on the new role of teachers and their new performance of facilitators of learning in students through the new scenarios mediated by technologies. For the successful development of this research report it was used as a methodology instruments based mainly on referative documents that helped to justify the research problem, which consisted mainly of the impact of new technological devices and their use in the centers of higher learning in the country. It was concluded that information technology and communication are indispensable tools in teaching and at the same time how to intervene in the educational design that lead us to explore new teaching methods in educational settings mediated by these. It was further found that these tools successfully promote the process if there is a good preparation by the teacher.

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