scholarly journals The Coupling between Urban Expansion and Population Growth: An Analysis of Urban Agglomerations in China (2005–2020)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7250
Author(s):  
Qingyao Huang ◽  
Yihua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Spatial Coupling ◽  
The People ◽  
New Perspective

Exploring the coordinated development process of people–land allocation in the urbanization process of urban agglomerations is of great significance to promote improvement of the urbanization development level and quality and realize the healthy development of urbanization. We took nine urban agglomerations in China as the research object and the coupling between urban expansion and population growth as the entry point. The overall coupling and the spatial coupling were used to reveal the people–land coupling relationship of nine urban agglomerations at different time periods. We found that both construction land and population within each urban agglomeration were in the stage of continuous growth, and the increase of both was similar and synchronous. The overall and spatial coupling between urban expansion and population growth is increasing. The expansion rate of construction land is a factor that influences the overall and spatial coupling between urban expansion and population growth, i.e., the greater the expansion rate of construction land, the higher the overall and spatial coupling between urban expansion and population growth. This study provides a new perspective for exploring the coupling between urban expansion and population growth and offers a new approach for studying the relationship between the two.

scholarly journals Spatio–Temporal Heterogeneity of Urban Expansion and Population Growth in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13031
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Liu ◽  
Qipeng Liao ◽  
Yuan Liang ◽  
Zhifei Li ◽  
Chunbo Huang
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
East Region ◽  
West Region ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Decoupling Analysis ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship

Urbanization has become one of the hot issues of global sustainable development, and is mainly characterized by urban population growth and construction land expansion. However, the inharmonious development of urban expansion and population migration has brought serious challenges to urban planning and management. China is the largest developing country in the world, and the urbanization process has accelerated over the past decades. In this paper, decoupling analysis was used to demonstrate the spatio–temporal relationship between urban expansion and population growth in 321 prefecture–level cities in China, providing a reference basis for sustainable development. The results showed that China’s population, total GDP, and construction land area increased from 1990 to 2018. The rate of construction land expansion was larger in the eastern coastal and western regions than in the northeastern and central regions, but the population growth rate was not significantly different among these regions. According to the decoupling analysis, the relationships of population–GDP, construction land–GDP, and population–construction land were mainly weak decoupling, indicating that both the population growth and the construction land expansion lagged behind the economic development, and the population growth lagged behind construction land expansion. In addition, the results were analyzed based on China’s four economic regions. Population and construction land area changes in the northeastern provinces experienced a shift from weak decoupling to expansive negative decoupling, then presented a strong decoupling. The decoupling state of population–construction land in the west region was relatively stable. The relationship between population and construction land in the central regions was mainly weak decoupling, and some cities developed into strong decoupling. The relationship between population and construction land in the east region experienced a shift from strong decoupling to weak decoupling, then demonstrated expansive negative decoupling, mainly manifested in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta urban agglomerations. Therefore, the northeast region should take measures to promote regional population growth while reasonably controlling the expansion of construction land, the west region should focus on ecological protection and moderately attract population, the central region should control their population development and reasonably allocate land, and the east region should pay attention to and solve the citizenship problem of migrant workers in second–tier and third–tier cities when promoting new urbanization.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Public Space Behavior and Demand of Rural Residents in Foshan

2021 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Chenyu Xie
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural Revitalization ◽  
High Motivation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Motivation To Participate ◽  
The Village

With the implementation of a rural revitalization plan, rural public space has received increased attention. This article summarizes the characteristics and needs of public space behavior of residents in Dushugang village, Foshan, based on data gathered and analyzed through questionnaire survey and organized interview. The inhabitants of Dushugang village’s public space behavior are characterized by six characteristics: universality and spontaneity, high frequency and comprehension, proximity, relative regularity, strong preference and universality of activity choice, and high motivation to participate in the transformation. The people of Dushugang village’s public space demand can be summarized as follows: revitalizing traditional public spaces and fully explore their use; reasonable allocation and management of facilities in public spaces to optimize the landscape environment; preserving the heritage of the village culture and the healthy development of public space. This article aims to investigate the characteristics and needs of rural residents in public spaces, identify some issues in the rural construction process, and offer a new perspective on how to optimize rural transformation.

scholarly journals Toward a Dualistic Growth? Population Increase and Land-Use Change in Rome, Italy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Ahmed Alhuseen ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Per Capita

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models of urban growth. Empirical evidence is increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting urban containment in the context of a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators of land-use change can be adopted with the aim at evaluating long-term sustainability of urbanization processes. The present study assesses spatial variations in per-capita indicators of land-use change in Rome, Central Italy, at five years (1949, 1974, 1999, 2008, and 2016) with the final objective of quantifying the mismatch between urban expansion and population growth. Originally specialized in agricultural productions, Rome’s metropolitan area is a paradigmatic example of dispersed urban expansion in the Mediterranean basin. By considering multiple land-use dynamics, per-capita indicators of landscape change delineated three distinctive waves of growth corresponding with urbanization, suburbanization, and a more mixed stage with counter-urbanization and re-urbanization impulses. By reflecting different socioeconomic contexts on a local scale, urban fabric and forests were identified as the ‘winner’ classes, expanding homogeneously over time at the expense of cropland. Agricultural landscapes experienced a more heterogeneous trend with arable land and pastures declining systematically and more fragmented land classes (e.g., vineyards and olive groves) displaying stable (or slightly increasing) trends. The continuous reduction of per-capita surface area of cropland that’s supports a reduced production base, which is now insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for fresh food at the metropolitan scale, indicates the unsustainability of the current development in Rome and more generally in the whole Mediterranean basin, a region specialized traditionally in (proximity) agricultural productions.

scholarly journals Trends and dynamics of material and energy flows in an urban context: a case study of a city with an emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Inés Pardo Martínez ◽  
William Alfonso Piña ◽  
Angelo Facchini ◽  
Alexander Cotte Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Material Flows ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Agglomerations ◽  
Energy Flows ◽  
The City

Abstract Background Currently, most of the world’s population lives in cities, and the rapid urbanization of the population is driving increases in the demand for products, goods and services. To effectively design policies for urban sustainability, it is important to understand the trends of flows in energy and materials as they enter and leave a city. This knowledge is essential for determining the key elements characterizing future urban growth and addressing future supply challenges. Methods This paper presents an analysis of the energy and material flows in the city of Bogotá over the time span from 2001 to 2017. Urban flows are also characterized in terms of their temporal evolution with respect to population growth to compare and identify the changes in the main input flows, wealth production, emissions and waste in the city. Results The results of the analysis are then compared with those for other selected large urban agglomerations in Latin America and worldwide to highlight similarities and make inferences. The results show that in Bogotá, there was a decrease in some of the material flows, such as the consumption of water and the generation of discharge, in recent years, while there was an increase in the consumption of energy and cement and in the production of CO2 emissions and construction materials. Solid waste production remained relatively stable. With respect to the other large cities considered, we observe that the 10-year growth rates of the flows with respect to population growth are lower in Bogotá, particularly when compared with the other urban agglomerations in Latin America. Conclusions The findings of this study are important for advancing characterizations of the trends of material and energy flows in cities, and they contribute to the establishment of a benchmark that allows for the definition and evaluation of the different impacts of public policy while promoting the sustainability of Bogotá in the coming decades.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impacts of Urban Expansion on Habitat Quality by Combining the Concepts of Land Use, Landscape, and Habitat in Two Urban Agglomerations in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huina Wang ◽  
Lina Tang ◽  
Quanyi Qiu ◽  
Huaxiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Habitat Quality ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Yangtze River Delta ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Urban Agglomerations

Understanding the spatiotemporal variability of habitat quality as a function of land-use changes is important for expanding scientific knowledge of ecological conservation. In this study, the impacts of land-use change on habitat quality were assessed in two urban agglomerations in China at different stages of development, namely (1) the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration (YRDUA), which has reached the middle and late stage of urbanization, and (2) the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian (GTSF), which has reached the middle and early stage. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) habitat quality model was applied to determine the habitat quality and the degree of habitat degradation in these two agglomerations. Overall, the habitat quality in the YRDUA was found to be clearly inferior to that in the GTSF. In the GTSF, more than 65% of the habitat was of good or excellent quality, whereas in the YRDUA, less than 45% of the habitat reached this quality. By combining the concepts of land use, landscape, and habitat, the boundary of degradation and the general increase in habitat quality from 2000 to 2015 were found to be mainly related to the landform, the dominant landscape, and the concentration of non-habitat areas. Additionally, the type, distribution, and fragmentation of the dominant habitat were shown to play important roles in habitat quality. Moreover, changes in industrial composition over time were demonstrated to be critical drivers of changes in areas of construction land.

scholarly journals Γενετικά τροποποιημένες καλλιέργειες εναντίον βιοποικιλότητας; Επιστημονικές και φιλοσοφικές προκλήσεις

Bioethica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Κωνσταντίνα Π. Μυλωνά - Γιαννακάκου (Konstantina Mylona-Giannakakou)
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Agricultural Biotechnology ◽  
Natural Order ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Ecosystem Integrity ◽  
The People ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Moral Choices

Regarding the issue of balance between environmental sustainability and the inherent ecological interventions of agricultural biotechnology, multiannual studies substantiate that loss of biodiversity, due to the use of GM crops, is globally less important than several other practices. Thus, what explains this diametrically extreme confrontation, from part of the scientific community? I presume, that the controversy is a philosophical one, and is expressed mainly by two contrasting materialistic approaches; the so called reductionist (or molecularist) view and the opposing holistic (or organismic) view, both of which, in their comparative analysis, prove, in my view, their incapability in definitely resolving such dilemmas.The first, as an anthropocentric approach, seems unsuccessful in building any concept of ecosystem integrity on the basis of moral duty while the second, as a biocentric approach, does not take into consideration the effects in human populations, and provides limited guidance with respect to the environments in which agriculture has already replaced the natural order. Norton’s concept provides a new perspective, since it recognizes the human duty to conduct agriculture, in a manner that supports survival for the people on this planet, while simultaneously it maintains the ecological dynamics that sustain life. Based on Norton’s “weak anthropocentrism”, we can be easily led to the “convergence” of policies, through a “contextualized” hierarchy of moral choices for the issues of agricultural biotechnology.

scholarly journals Lifelong Inclusive Education Service System in the Context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. p120
Author(s):  
Feng -Xia ◽  
Yongfen -Gu ◽  
Meixian -Huang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Macroscopic System ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
The People ◽  
Education Service ◽  
Output Efficiency ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Future Education

Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which is issued by the United Nations in 2015, put forward 17 goals for sustainable development to promote worldwide peace and freedom. Among the 17 goals, one goes to the education vision, stating that “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”. This goal further and clearly describes the features of the future education: lifelong, inclusive, fair and high-quality. To make the dream true, every country should rethink the present education service and make reforms based on the national situation. In this context, this paper discusses the direction, construction, objects and layout of a lifelong inclusive education service suitable for present China’s national conditions, in hope of contributing Chinese wisdom to the “Community of shared future for mankind”. It is suggested in this paper that we should give priority to the construction and perfection of the macroscopic system and operating mechanisms for the lifelong inclusive education service in consideration of input and output efficiency; that we should update our mind and think of the education from a new perspective, that is, regard the lifelong inclusive education service as part of public service for all the people; that we should provide suitable education service for all students, regardless of age, race, disability, gender and wealth; that we should design and implement the educational projects reasonably and scientifically in order to better realize the goal.

We Are Not Free to Choose: Class Determinism in Zadie Smith’s NW

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Lower Class ◽  
Racial Oppression ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Zadie Smith ◽  
Divide And Rule ◽  
New Perspective

AbstractNW by Zadie Smith opens with a multicultural and multiracial scene and revolves around the crises in the lives of four people with longstanding connection to Northwest London. The Northwest London in NW is a besieged city, and the people therein could not see any possibility of getting out because the gate has been latched with the concept of social class. In NW, the social class is materialized as space, economic position and race. Geographically NW features the main areas of London, and considers the role of that city in shaping the consciousness of the major characters, a partly spatial configuring of identity. In addition, the major characters in NW also suffer from occupational exclusion and economic exploitation, which then lead to their lower-class position since social class is constructed in such a way that agents are distributed according to their positions in the statistical distribution based on the economic and cultural capital. Finally the racial discrimination encountered by the characters in NW shows that class relations shape the form that racial oppression takes. The racialization of class issues becomes a politically effective tool for the wealthy to divide and rule the lower classes. In NW, Smith thus has adopted a more political attitude than in her previous books, so the relatively new perspective of her fiction might be the attention she draws to the persistent obstacles to class crossing and the acknowledgment of the rigid lines that still define the social classes.

The Company They Keep

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Baum ◽  
Neal Devins
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Partisan Polarization ◽  
The People ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The U.S

Today’s ideological division on the U.S. Supreme Court is also a partisan division: all the Court’s liberals were appointed by Democratic presidents, all its conservatives by Republican presidents. That pattern never existed in the Court until 2010, and this book focuses on how it came about and why it’s likely to continue. Its explanation lies in the growing level of political polarization over the last several decades. One effect of polarization is that potential nominees will reflect the dominant ideology of the president’s political party. Correspondingly, the sharpened ideological division between the two political parties has given presidents stronger incentives to give high priority to ideological considerations. In addition to these well-known effects of polarization, The Company They Keep explores what social psychologists have taught us about people’s motivations. Justices take cues primarily from the people who are closest to them and whose approval they care most about: political, social, and professional elites. In an era of strong partisan polarization, elite social networks are largely bifurcated by partisan and ideological elites, and justices such as Clarence Thomas and Ruth Bader Ginsburg live in milieus populated by like-minded elites that reinforce their liberalism or conservatism during their tenure on the Supreme Court. By highlighting and documenting this development, the book provides a new perspective on the Court and its justices.

scholarly journals MONUMENTS, LANDSCAPE, AND MEMORY: THE EMERGENCE OF TOWER-TOMBS IN TADMOR-PALMYRA

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-52
Author(s):  
LIDEWIJDE DE JONG
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
First Century ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The People ◽  
Memorial Landscape ◽  
Burial Customs ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Eastern Edge

Abstract Little is known about the emergence of the iconic tower-tombs in the first century bce in Tadmor-Palmyra, the oasis settlement on the eastern edge of the Roman Empire. Scholarship has concentrated on the grand towers erected in the first two centuries ce, yet it is the older and simpler group of towers that holds the key for understanding their appearance. They reveal breaks with existing burial customs and a need to carve out a new memorial landscape in the desert. This article offers a new perspective on the tower-tombs, building on theoretical approaches to monumentality, landscape, and memory. In settings that were simultaneously conspicuous and distant, the towers represent monumental proclamations aimed at the residents of Tadmor-Palmyra and the people of the desert. As tombs, they kept alive the memory of some members of the community, becoming focal points for the (re)production of lineage identity. Internal developments, sedentarization, or migration made such identities vulnerable, and new avenues for competitive innovations about the shared past were sought. The tower-tombs provide the first glimpses of a new Tadmor-Palmyra.

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