scholarly journals The Synergic Effect of Whey-Based Hydrogel Amendment on Soil Water Holding Capacity and Availability of Nutrients for More Efficient Valorization of Dairy By-Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10701
Author(s):  
Jarmila Čechmánková ◽  
Jan Skála ◽  
Vladimír Sedlařík ◽  
Silvie Duřpeková ◽  
Jan Drbohlav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Kaolinite Clay ◽  
Biodegradable Hydrogel ◽  
Water Holding

Agricultural production is influenced by the water content in the soil and the availability of nutrients. Recently, changes in the quantity and seasonal water availability are expected to impact agriculture due to climate change. This study aimed to test an agricultural product with promising properties to improve soil quality and water-holding capacity during agricultural application. Most of the traditional hydrogels are low-biodegradable synthetic materials with under-researched long-term fate in field soil conditions. The novel, biodegradable hydrogel made from acid whey and cellulose derivatives cross-linked with citric acid was used. The soil-improving effects were tested under controlled experimental conditions with the sandy artificial soil consisting of 10% finely ground sphagnum peat, 20% kaolinite clay, and 70% quartz sand. Soil pH, the content of organic carbon (Cox), total nitrogen (N), available forms of the essential macronutrients (P, K, Ca, and Mg), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), the maximum water capacity (MWC) and water holding capacity (WHC) were determined. The results showed a positive effect on water retention and basic soil properties after the different levels of hydrogel had been introduced into the soil. Generally, the addition of whey-based hydrogel increases the available nutrients concentration and water retention in soil.

Impact of Biochar on Water Holding Capacity of Two Chinese Agricultural Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 941-944 ◽  
pp. 952-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Yuan Wang ◽  
Deng Hua Yan ◽  
Xin Shan Song ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Walnut Shell ◽  
Retention Characteristics ◽  
Water Holding

Adding biochar to agricultural soil has been suggested as an approach to enhance soil carbon sequestration. Biochar has also been used as a soil amendment to reduce nutrient leaching, reduce soil acidity and improve water holding capacity. Walnut shells and woody material are waste products of orchards that are cheap, carbon-rich and good feedstock for production of biochar. The effectiveness of biochar as an amendment varies considerably as a function of its feedstock, temperature during pyrolysis, the biochar dose to soil, and mechanical composition. Biochar was produced from pyrolysis of walnut shell at 900 °C and soft wood at 600 to 700 °C. We measured the effect of these different parameters in two types of agricultural soil in Jilin and Beijing, China, a silt clay loam and a sandy loam, on the soils’ particle size distribution and water retention characteristics. Biochars with two different doses were applied to each soil type. Soil field capacity and permanent wilting point were measured using a pressure plate extractor for each combination of biochar and soil type. The results show that the effect of biochar amendment on soil water retention characteristics depend primarily on soil particle size distribution and surface characteristics of biochar. High surface area biochar can help raise the water holding capacity of sandy soil.

scholarly journals Comparison of three models fitting the soil water retention curves in a degraded alpine meadow region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Pan ◽  
Shuai Hou ◽  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Qinghua Tan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Curve Shape ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Gardner Model

AbstractSoil water retention curve (SWRC) plays an important role in simulating soil water movement and assessing soil water holding capacity and availability. Comparison of fitness between different models to determine the best SWRC model of specific regions is required. In this study, three popular models, van Genuchten, Brooks Corey and Gardner model, were selected for comparing in a degraded alpine meadow region on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Fitness, error distribution along with key parameters were compared. For each soil horizon, the soil moisture content at all soil water potentials decreased consistently with degradation, thereby integrally moving the SWRCs of all soil depths downward with degradation. The differences in SWRCs across various degradation degrees diminished along with soil depth and soil water potential. The Adj.r2 values of van Genuchten, Brooks Corey and Gardner models ranged in 0.971–0.995, 0.958–0.997, and 0.688–0.909, respectively. The van Genuchten and Brooks Corey models significantly (p < 0.05) outperformed the Gardner model, and have no significant differences in fitness. The fitness of all three models showed no significant changes with degradation. Regardless of degradation degree and soil depth, the fitting error of van Genuchten and Brooks Corey models was mainly distributed in the higher (from –100 hPa to –500 hPa) and lower (below –10000 hPa) potential sections. With regard to the parameters of van Genuchten and Brooks Corey models, the field capacity (θs), and permanent wilting moisture were highly coherent with Adj.r2 values of higher than 0.98, while the curve shape parameter (θr), and air entry pressure of the Brooks Corey model were much lower than those of the van Genuchten model with Adj.r2 values of lower than 0.91. The SWRCs with varying degrees of degradation are best fitted by both van Genuchten and Brooks Corey models but cannot be fitted by Gardner model. Soil water holding capacity decreased with degradation especially in the top soil (0 cm to 30 cm), but the curve shape of all SWRCs did not change significantly with degradation.

scholarly journals Infiltration and water retention of biological soil crusts on reclaimed soils of former open-cast lignite mining sites in Brandenburg, north-east Germany

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stella Gypser ◽  
Maik Veste ◽  
Thomas Fischer ◽  
Philipp Lange
Keyword(s):  
Green Algae ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Biological Soil Crusts ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Lignite Mining ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Soil Crusts ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Open Cast

AbstractInvestigations were done on two former open-cast lignite mining sites under reclamation, an artificial sand dune in Welzow Süd, and a forest plantation in Schlabendorf Süd (Brandenburg, Germany). The aim was to associate the topsoil hydrological characteristics of green algae dominated as well as moss and soil lichen dominated biological soil crusts during crustal succession with their water retention and the repellency index on sandy soils under temperate climate and different reliefs.The investigation of the repellency index showed on the one hand an increase due to the cross-linking of sand particles by green algae which resulted in clogging of pores. On the other hand, the occurrence of moss plants led to a decrease of the repellency index due to absorption caused by bryophytes. The determination of the water retention curves showed an increase of the water holding capacity, especially in conjunction with the growth of green algae layer. The pore-related van Genuchten parameter indicate a clay-like behaviour of the developed soil crusts. Because of the inhomogeneous distribution of lichens and mosses as well as the varying thickness of green algae layers, the water retention differed between the study sites and between samples of similar developmental stages. However, similar tendencies of water retention and water repellency related to the soil crust formation were observed.Biological soil crusts should be considered after disturbances in the context of reclamation measures, because the initial development of green algae biocrusts lead to an increasing repellency index, while the occurrence of mosses and a gain in organic matter enhance the water holding capacity. Thus, the succession of biocrusts and their small-scale succession promote the development of soil and ecosystem.

scholarly journals 329 Evaluation of Textile Fiber Residues for Horticultural Use

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 448F-448
Author(s):  
D. Wees ◽  
R. Lowe ◽  
D. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Textile Fiber ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Potato Plantlets

Textile fiber residues spun into small (2 to 5 mm), soft pellets (Flocagro®), through a patented process, were evaluated for horticultural use. Pellets alone and in mixtures with other substrates, were assessed using standard criteria including cation exchange capacity (CEC), aeration porosity, bulk density, and water-holding capacity. The physical and chemical properties of these textile pellets were acceptable as a horticultural growing medium when mixed with substrates such as peat; it was light-weight, had a high water-holding capacity, moderately high aeration porosity, neutral pH, low inherent fertility, low buffering capacity, and mixed easily with other substrates. The potential of Flocagro® in potting mixtures for radish and tomato seedlings and micropropagated potato plantlets was demonstrated.

The Potential for Biochar to Mitigate the Impact of Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naeema Al Nofeli ◽  
Fred Worrall
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Growth Experiment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Palm Frond

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;The date palm tree has been mainly used as a source of food in the MENA (Middle East North Africa) region. Specifically, in the United Arab Emirates produces over 44 million date palm trees yearly, each tree generates approximately 20 Kilograms of palm frond waste per year and this waste is currently sent to landfills. In this study, we proposed that in the arid soil conditions found in the UAE, this date palm waste could be converted to biochar and used to improve the water holding capacity of UAE soils. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test whether amendments of date palm frond (DPF) and its biochar could improve the water holding capacity of soils. A mesocosm design and a plant growth experiment were used to assess the treatments at summer temperature conditions. For the mesocosm, there were 6 different biochar and DPF treatments (1%, 3%, 6%, 12%, 15% and 18% biochar or DPF in soil) along with the controls (sharp sand, DPF biochar and DPF). The experiment was divided into 3 cycles (wet, dry, and dry with a water bowl (waw)). The impact of the experimental treatments was assessed using ANOVA. Both Biochar and DPF had no significant effect during the first two cycles (wet and dry) but during the third cycle, the DPF appeared to have better water holding capacity than Biochar. A plant growth experiment was conducted with 6 different treatment (controls - sand, DPF and Biochar; and Biochar at 1%, 6%,15% and 18%). Cat grass was used for measuring its temperature, height, moisture and pH. Water was irrigated during the first 3 weeks then the soil treatments left to dry. The results of the greatest growth for 1% Biochar. Further investigations are being processed using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen &amp; Oxygen (CHNO), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) &amp; Computerized tomography (CT) scan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&amp;#160;This is to assess water binding capacity and physiochemical properties of the Biochar, DPF and soil.&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Forest composition and inferred dynamics in Jengka Forest Reserve, Malaysia

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Ho ◽  
D. McC. Newbery ◽  
M. E. D. Poore
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Forest Succession ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Soil Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Holding

ABSTRACT1211 trees of 3 ft (0.91 m) girth or more were enumerated in 288 1-ch2 (about 400 m2) quadrats forming a 11.7 ha plot on the mainly Segamat soil series, Jengka Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, in 1964. Of the 261 taxa, 84% were identified to species. Five per cent of the area was of the permanently wetter Akob soil series. The plot was topographically flat and lay about 3 km west of the plot on the Batu Anam soil series, described in an earlier paper. Data on the chemical composition of the three soils are summarized here from a survey in 1967.The vegetation on the Segamat series is of the Shorea-Dipterocarpus type of lowland dipterocarp forest. It has an unusually high abundance of the Euphorbiaceae (25% of trees) and a clear dominant species, Elateriospermum tapos. E. tapos, which regenerates profusely in the shade, grows up in small gaps and is strongly clumped, and appears well suited to the very friable, relatively nutrient-rich soil of the Segamat series, with lower soil-water holding capacity especially in dry periods.Forest on the Segamat series is floristically very different from that on the Batu Anam series. This is most likely due to large differences in soil properties, the latter being of lower clay content, less nutrient-rich and, having a greater soil-water holding capacity at least in dry periods. It was dominated by Dipterocarpaceae.Classification of quadrats on the Segamat series highlighted four classes; vegetation of the main E. tapos-dominated type on relatively dry soil (54% of plot area), vegetation on the wet Akob soil (21%), an association of shade-tolerant, mainly understorey trees beneath non-E. tapos-associated emergents (11%), and an association of long-lived, light-demanding pioneer trees of late-successional stages (11%); 3% of plot had no enumerated trees. Ordination showed that the plot was largely homogeneous with respect to edaphic factors but clearly displayed stages in forest succession.The possible dynamics of the Segamat forest are inferred in terms of species autecology. Two hypotheses are advanced to explain the composition of the Segamat forest: (a) a dynamic equilibirum, (b) a non-equilibrium recovery from a recent catastrophe. The latter was thought more likely. Compared with the more benign Batu Anam environment, where co-dominants might be ‘ecologically equivalent’, the more selective soil conditions on the Segamat leads to reduced equivalence, with accidents of regeneration playing a smaller role in the local distribution of the most abundant species.

scholarly journals Hydrogel and Organic Amendments to Increase Water Retention in Anthroposols for Land Reclamation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie S. Miller ◽  
M. Anne Naeth
Keyword(s):  
Water Retention ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Application Method ◽  
Water Holding

Using waste materials from industrial activities to build anthroposols (soils built or altered by humans) can provide soil for reclamation and reduce amounts of materials stored in landfills. Mines and other large industrial disturbances requiring anthroposols usually have large amounts of nonorganic waste materials with low water holding capacity and large amounts of coarse fragments. Thus, water holding capacity is a key property to build into anthroposols as all aspects of revegetation are strongly influenced by soil water content. This research assessed the effectiveness of hydrogel and organic amendments to increase the water retention in common mine wastes used to build anthroposols for reclamation in three greenhouse experiments. Waste materials were crushed rock, lakebed sediment, and processed kimberlite, from a northern diamond mine in Canada. Amendments were hydrogel, sewage, salvaged soil, and peat. Pots were filled with the material and weighed and saturated, followed by periodic weighing until the weight was near constant. Water retention was consistently highest in processed kimberlite, with and without amendments. Water retention increased most with hydrogel in processed kimberlite and crushed rock. Hydrogel application method impacted the initial water retention, but over time, the effect was limited. Water retention in lakebed sediment showed little difference relative to no amendment addition and had lowest increases relative to other substrates. Type of waste material and amendment, application rate, and application method impacted water retention and can be adapted to build anthroposols in the field using waste materials suitable for reclamation.

scholarly journals Differentiation of eiincorns by water retention capacity

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Hao Fu ◽  
V.S. Lyutenko ◽  
V.V. Zhmurko ◽  
R. L. Bohuslavskyi
Keyword(s):  
Principal Components ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Method Of Principal Components ◽  
Triticum Boeoticum ◽  
Water Holding

Aim. On the basis of multivariate analysis, to differentiate einkorn wheat accessions by the water-holding capacity of leaves and ears and the parameters of these organs at the level of species and genotypes. Methods. The water-holding capacity was assessed by the moisture-yielding coefficient which was determined by the method of N.N. Kozhushko (Kozhushko, 1988). Differentiation of einkorn samples was carried out by the method of principal components in the interpretation of A.V. Korosov (Korosov, 1996). Results. Triticum monococcum UA0300113, Syria, and UA0300282, Hungary were characterized by the lowest specific moisture-yielding coefficients: for the second and flag leaves, respectively, (mg / cm2) 10.9, 7.0 and 11.4, 10.7; ears – the same samples as well as Triticum boeoticum UA0300401, Ukraine-Crimea: (mg / cm) 29.6, 28.2, 25.4. With an increase in the size of the lamina, there is a tendency to a decrease in its specific moisture yield. The samples of eincorn are differentiated into 4 clusters corresponding to the species. Conclusions. T. monococcum UA0300113, Syria, and UA0300282, Hungary are relatively drought tolerant. The complex of features characterizing leaf and spike size in combination with the moisture-yielding coefficients processed by the method of principal components makes it possible to differentiate einkorn oaccessions by species and genotype. Keywords: einkorns, moisture yield, drought resistance, leaf, ear.

scholarly journals Irreversible sorption of carbofuran by moderately acidic soil amended with biochar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 5224-5228
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Water Holding

An ecofriendly technique to on farm burning of biomass by making biochar from agricultural waste was provided. Characteristic studies of biomass and biochar such as SEM, Ultimate and proximate analysis, pH, Cation exchange capacity, Water holding capacity, Electrical conductivity, Soil organic matter and Dry matter production were examined. Adsorption and desorption of carbofuran in soil were studied in batch experiment mode. From the experimental studies, it was observed that pH, Cation exchange capacity, Water holding capacity, Electrical Conductivity, Soil organic content and dry matter production increases with biochar addition. Adsorption Studies show that carbofuran adsorbed with control is 0.45 mg/g whereas with 3%BC it was 6.375 mg/g and desorption studies show that with 3% biochar carbofuran desorption is less. Hence Capsicum Annuam Biochar could be one of the promising option for improving the soil health as well as for adsorbing the pesticides.

scholarly journals Some Functional Properties of Kafirin Extracted from a- High- Tannin Sorghum Cultivar

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Elmoneim O. Elkhalifa ◽  
Sarah A. Ahmed ◽  
Sohair M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Foam Stability ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Alkaline Water ◽  
Sorghum Flour ◽  
Water Holding

Kafirin was extracted form a whole high tannins sorghum flour (Fetarita). Different functional properties of produced protein were studied and sorghum flour was used as a control. Results showed that the extracted kafirin has a significant low loose and packed bulk densities compared to the control sorghum flour. The porosity of the control (0.374 g/ml) significantly higher than the extracted kafirin (0.196 g/ml). The Carr index for the kafirin was 20.4%, while it was 39.2% for the sorghum flour Alkaline water retention, as well as water and oil holding capacity of the extracted protein were highly significant than the control, and the results showed that kafirin was highly viscous with a water holding capacity of 2.01 ml H2O/g protein, oil holding capacity of 2.10 ml oil/g protein. There is no significant differences between the emulsifying activity of the kafirin and the control, while the kafirin had high emulsifying stability than the control by 11%. No foam capacity and stability were observed for the control, while the kafirin showed 2.75% foam capacity with no foam stability reported. Results shows that the control sorghum flour took longer time (84.9 sec) to completely be wet in cold water than the extracted kafirin (25.0 sec). SEM results of the kafirin supports the development in functional properties.Keywords: Sorghum, Kafirin, Functional properties; SEM.

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