scholarly journals 329 Evaluation of Textile Fiber Residues for Horticultural Use

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 448F-448
Author(s):  
D. Wees ◽  
R. Lowe ◽  
D. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Textile Fiber ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Potato Plantlets

Textile fiber residues spun into small (2 to 5 mm), soft pellets (Flocagro®), through a patented process, were evaluated for horticultural use. Pellets alone and in mixtures with other substrates, were assessed using standard criteria including cation exchange capacity (CEC), aeration porosity, bulk density, and water-holding capacity. The physical and chemical properties of these textile pellets were acceptable as a horticultural growing medium when mixed with substrates such as peat; it was light-weight, had a high water-holding capacity, moderately high aeration porosity, neutral pH, low inherent fertility, low buffering capacity, and mixed easily with other substrates. The potential of Flocagro® in potting mixtures for radish and tomato seedlings and micropropagated potato plantlets was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Use of Compost Products for Ornamental Crop Production: Research and Grower Experiences

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 698d-698
Author(s):  
George E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Edwin R. Duke ◽  
Kimberly A. Klock
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Medium Components ◽  
Growing Medium ◽  
Variable Nature ◽  
Production Research ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding

Horticultural growing medium components must be selected with regard to their influence on properties such as cost, availability, ease of mixing, appearance, pH, nutrient levels, soluble salt levels, exchange capacity, aeration, particle size distribution, bulk density, water-holding capacity, and consistency. Over the past several decades, various types of compost products made from urban waste materials have been evaluated as components in horticultural growing mixes. The highest-quality compost products tested have frequently compared favorably with peat as one of the organic components in growing mixes. The lowest-quality compost materials tested have retarded plant growth and, in extreme cases, contributed to plant mortality. Occasionally, compost products that performed well in research trials did not prove to be satisfactory when used in commercial nursery crop production because of the lack of repeatable consistency between batches produced in large-scale municipal composting operations. One of the major reasons for the lack of consistency in compost quality is the highly variable nature of organic feedstocks accepted by many large-scale composting operations. The highest-quality composts tend to be produced in composting operations in which facility management decisions are made with consideration on their impact on the economic, physical, and chemical parameters of the end product.

scholarly journals Amendment of Soil Water Retention and Nutrients Holding Capacity by Using Sugar Cane Bagasse

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-235
Author(s):  
Mwita Solomon Chacha ◽  
Banyikwa Andrew ◽  
Maheswara Rao Vegi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Soil Water Retention ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB)is byproduct of sugarcane industry can be used as soil amendments to improve soil hydro, physical-chemical characteristics. It also provides reasonable economic means to recycle these in an environmentally friendly manner. The soil samples were studied for different soil characteristics collected from different sites of Dodoma city, Tanzania. Soil sample with poor water holding capacity selected and made into six treatments by different percentages of sugarcane bagasse 0, 2, 5, 10,20 and 100% in triplicates for each treatment. The result showed that the water holding capacity of the soil increased from 26.85 to 84.08 % representing 3.16 times.The soil of Dodoma have low organic matter (438.6 - 1126.6 mg/kg), and deficient in K+ (0.5 cmol/kg), Ca2+ (2.8 cmol/kg), Mg2+ (1.3 mg /kg), Na+ (1.03 cmol/kg) and cation exchange capacity (5 cmol/kg). The available K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ contents of soil increased by 13.87, 22.79, 33.13 and 43.61% with the application of 2, 5, 10 and 20 % of sugarcane bagasse, respectively. Different levels of SCB positively influence the hydro, physico-chemical properties of soil. Utilization of SCB as organic fertilizer was found to save the water cost and chemical fertilizer along with minimizing environmental pollution. Application of 10% of sugarcane bagasse was found to be the standard dose to achieve important hydo, physicochemical properties of soil to a required level.

scholarly journals Characterization of a Buried Latosol from Northern Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
M. A. Lugo-López ◽  
H. A. Manfrinato ◽  
E. J. Brenes
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Water ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Buried Soil ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Data on the morphological, physical, and chemical properties of a buried soil profile in northern Puerto Rico are presented. The solum is of a distinct red color some 42 inches in depth, grading into a brownish-yellow unaggregated sandstone of marine origin and containing numerous iron concretions. The soil is a loamy sand corresponding rather closely to the Islote soil, a somewhat extensive soil in northern Puerto Rico. The relatively high water retention at pF 4.2 in comparison to that retained at pF 2.7 indicates the probable droughtiness of this soil, a feature of most latosols in Puerto Rico. The rather relatively low fertility status—low exchange capacity, organic matter, and nitrogen—is also characteristic of latosols. The alkalinity throughout the profile may partly be the result of lime leaching over a period of years from the overlying 18- to 25-foot layer of highly calcareous sandstone. The weight of this sandstone layer can also account for the compaction of the solum. The over-all picture indicates that laterization was an active process in past geologic time, such as in the Pleistocene epoch when this soil was probably developed.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Functional Properties of Some Commonly Used Cereal and Legume Flours and Their Blends

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Haq Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad Aslam Shad ◽  
Rabia Mehmood ◽  
Tanzila Rehman ◽  
Hira Munir
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
High Water ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Functional Score ◽  
Chickpea Flour ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Water Holding

<p>Functional properties such as protein solubility, swelling capacity, water holding capacity, gelling ability, bulk density and foaming capacity of flours of some commonly used cereals and legume (wheat, refined wheat, maize and chickpea) and their blends were studied. Blends of flours were prepared by mixing equal proportions of selected floors. Statistically significant difference  in studied functional properties except bulk density was observed among cereal flours and their blends. Chickpea flour was found to possess comparatively high water holding capacity, protein solubility index and swelling capacity. The functional properties of maize and wheat flours were found to be improved when blended with chickpea. Chickpea flour and its blends with cereal flours were found to possess good functional score and suggested as favorable candidates for use in the preparation of viscous foods and bakery products. The data provide guidelines regarding the improvement in functional properties of economically favorable cereal flours.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Rethinking Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Based Land Use Systems in Smallholder Farmers Livelihoods: A Case of Kolobo Watershed, West Shewa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadi Feyisa ◽  
Endalkachew Kissi ◽  
Zerihun Kebebew
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Land Use System ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractDespite their restriction, smallholder farmers have been continuing growing Eucalyptus globulus in the cultivated land in the central highland of Ethiopia. Literature has shown controversial issues against E. globulus. Therefore, the objective of the study was to investigate the compatibility of E. globulus in the smallholder farmers’ land use system. Soil samples were collected from five different land uses and analysed for selected physical and chemical properties. The socioeconomic contribution of E. globulus was collected through household surveys from 110 households. Analysis of soil showed that organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were significantly higher (P<0.05) under E. globulus compared to the cultivated land. The survey results also showed that the largest proportion (58%) of households was interested in growing E. globulus because of its multiple uses. About 83% of households responded that E. globulus help them to attain food security through increasing the purchasing power of smallholder farmers to buy agricultural inputs and food. This study has substantiated the role of E. globulus in the land use system of smallholder farmers. Most of the soil fertility indicators were better under E. globulus. The present finding reveals that E. globulus degrade the soil seemingly difficult to generalise. Growing E. globulus must be promoted under appealing land use to enhance smallholder farmers’ livelihoods. Removing E. globulus from the land use system may jeopardise the food security situation of many households.

scholarly journals Identifying Potential Leakage Zones in an Irrigation Supply Channel by Mapping Soil Properties Using Electromagnetic Induction, Inversion Modelling and a Support Vector Machine

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ehsan Zare ◽  
Nan Li ◽  
Tibet Khongnawang ◽  
Mohammad Farzamian ◽  
John Triantafilis
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Support Vector Machine ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Supply Channel ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The clay alluvial plains of Namoi Valley have been intensively developed for irrigation. A condition of a license is water needs to be stored on the farm. However, the clay plain was developed from prior stream channels characterised by sandy clay loam textures that are permeable. Cheap methods of soil physical and chemical characterisations are required to map the supply channels used to move water on farms. Herein, we collect apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from a DUALEM-421 along a 4-km section of a supply channel. We invert ECa to generate electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) using EM4Soil software and evaluate two-dimensional models of estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ—mS m−1) against physical (i.e., clay and sand—%) and chemical properties (i.e., electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste extract (ECe—dS m−1) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC, cmol(+) kg−1). Using a support vector machine (SVM), we predict these properties from the σ and depth. Leave-one-site-out cross-validation shows strong 1:1 agreement (Lin’s) between the σ and clay (0.85), sand (0.81), ECe (0.86) and CEC (0.83). Our interpretation of predicted properties suggests the approach can identify leakage areas (i.e., prior stream channels). We suggest that, with this calibration, the approach can be used to predict soil physical and chemical properties beneath supply channels across the rest of the valley. Future research should also explore whether similar calibrations can be developed to enable characterisations in other cotton-growing areas of Australia.

Sugarcane Biochar for Agricultural Use Produced in Different Conditions of Pyrolysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Juliany Barbosa de Pinho ◽  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽  
Letycia Cunha Nunes ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes Daros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Oxidizing Atmosphere ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

From the pyrolysis process, biochar is a carbon rich and recalcitrant organic material with potential for long term carbon sequestration because of its aromatic structure. However, the physical and chemical properties of the biochar vary due to the diversity of raw material and the conditions of production. The present study aimed to evaluate the biochar from the sugarcane bagasse at different temperatures and under two conditions of pyrolysis. The biochar was produced at two final temperatures 200°C (1 hour); 250°C (1h) and 250°C (2h), with pyrolysis of an oxidizing and non-oxidizing atmosphere for both. PH, cation exchange capacity (CTC), carbon content (C), Nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), H:C, C:N and ash ratios were evaluated. The contents of C, H, N and the atomic ratios H:C and C:N were higher in Biochar produced in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (BNO). However, the content of ash, pH and CTC were higher in Biochar produced in oxidizing atmospheres (BO). One can conclude the direct influence of the pyrolysis condition.

The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fajri ◽  
Pratiwi PRATIWI ◽  
Yosep Ruslim
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract. Fajri M, Pratiwi, Ruslim Y. 2020. The characteristics of Shorea macrophylla’s habitat in Tane’ Olen, Malinau District, North Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 3454-3462.  Shorea macrophylla is a tree species in Tane' Olen forest area. This study analyzed the soil’s physical and chemical properties, topography, and microclimate of S. macrophylla’s habitat. A purposive method was used to select a sampling plot and to place the subplots. Soil was analyzed to determine the physical properties, i.e., texture, bulk density, porosity, and water content, and the chemical properties, i.e., pH, CEC, total N, organic C, C/N ratio, P, K , and Al saturation. Importance value index was determined for each tree species to know the species composition in the study site. Only the dominant species were presented. The soil at the study site had bulk density of 0.60-1.31 gram cm³-1, porosity 50.60%-77.35%, water content 34.88%-95.37%, and soil texture sandy clay. The chemical properties of the soil were as follows: pH was 3.6-4.8, N 0.05%-0.19%, organic C 1.40%-3.65%, P 0.41-1.22 mg 100 gr-1, K 58.68-232.55 mg 100 gr-1, and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) 5.35-10.81 meg 100gr -1. Slope ranged between 0 and 25%. The microclimate characteristics were as follows: temperature was 24-26.5°C, relative humidity 76-87%, and light intensity 145-750 Lm. Trees species with an IVI ≥ 10% were S. macrophylla, Madhuca spectabilis, Myristica villosa Warb, Scorodocarpus borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp., Macaranga triloba, Syzygium inophyllum and Shorea sp. Positive associations were observed between S. macropylla and S. borneensis, Eugenia spp., Palaquium spp.. and M. triloba, and negative associations were observed between S. macropylla and M. spectabilis, M. villosa Warb, S. inophyllum, and Shorea sp. S. macrophylla grows on riversides with flat and gentle topography, acidic soil, and lower fertility but with suitable microclimate. This species can be recommended to be planted in degraded tropical forest areas but the microclimate and soil properties should be taken into account.

scholarly journals Effect of homogenization and ultrasonication on the physical properties of insoluble wheat bran fibres

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Hu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Benu Adhikari ◽  
Yaping Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Insoluble Dietary Fibre ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Water Holding

AbstractWheat bran is rich in dietary fibre and its annual output is abundant, but underutilized. Insoluble dietary fibre often influences food quality negatively; therefore, how to improve the physical and chemical properties of insoluble dietary fibre of wheat bran for post processing is a challenge. Insoluble dietary fibre was obtained from wheat bran and micronized using high-pressure homogenization, high-intensity sonication, and a combination of these two methods. The high-pressure homogenization and high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication treatments significantly (p<0.05) improved the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, and cation exchange capacities. The improvement of the above properties by high-intensity sonication alone was marginal. In most cases, the high-pressure homogenization process was as good as the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process in improving the above-mentioned properties; hence, the contribution of high-`intensity sonication in the high-pressure homogenization+high-intensity sonication process was minimal. The best results show that the minimum particle size of wheat bran can reach 9 μm, and the solubility, swelling, water-holding, oil-holding, cation exchange capacities change significantly.

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