scholarly journals Investigating Tensile Behavior of Sustainable Basalt–Carbon, Basalt–Steel, and Basalt–Steel-Wire Hybrid Composite Bars

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10735
Author(s):  
Mohammadamin Mirdarsoltany ◽  
Alireza Rahai ◽  
Farzad Hatami ◽  
Reza Homayoonmehr ◽  
Farid Abed
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Composite Fibers ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Steel Bars

One of the main disadvantages of steel bars is rebar corrosion, especially when they are exposed to aggressive environmental conditions such as marine environments. One of the suggested ways to solve this problem is to use composite bars. However, the use of these bars is ambiguous due to some weaknesses, such as low modulus of elasticity and linear behavior in the tensile tests. In this research, the effect of the hybridization process on mechanical behavior, including tensile strength, elastic modulus, and energy absorbed of composite bars, was evaluated. In addition, using basalt fibers because of their appropriate mechanical behavior, such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, durability, and high-temperature resistance, compared to glass fibers, as the main fibers in all types of composite hybrid bars, was investigated. A total of 12 hybrid composite bars were made in four different groups. Basalt and carbon T300 composite fibers, steel bars with a diameter of 6 mm, and steel wires with a diameter of 1.5 mm were used to fabricate hybrid composite bars, and vinyl ester 901 was used as the resin. The results show that, depending on composite fibers used for fabrication of hybrid composite bars, the modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength increased compared to glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) bars by 83% to 120% and 6% to 26%, respectively. Moreover, hybrid composite bars with basalt and steel wires witnessed higher absorbed energy compared to other types of hybrid composite bars.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Mechanical Properties (Tensile strength &Elastic Modulus) of Soldered Straight Stainless Steel Wire

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Wael A Alrazzaq
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Steel Wires

The joining of a metal framework is frequently necessary to create individual orthodontic appliances and to achieve efficient treatment procedures. Stainless steel wires can be fused together by welding but this generally required reinforcement with solder. The present study was conducted to compare and evaluate the mechanical properties ( i.e. the tensile strength and elastic modulus )of silver soldered joints of stainless steel. A total of 40 wire specimens were prepared. The tensile strength and elastic modulus tests were carried out via by universal testing machine. the results indicated that the mean tensile strength of soldered group is lower than that of soldered group. As well, there are highly significant differences between two groups for tensile strength (p<0.01). Furthermore, the soldered group has the highest mean of elastic modulus than that of control group. As well, there are highly significant differences between two groups for elastic modulus (p<0.01). It is concluded that Stainless steel wires (Remanium)have superior mechanical properties with regard to tensile strength and elastic modulus.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of glass fibers – polymers (epoxy) bars (GFRP) reinforced concrete for structural applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Saeed Alkjk ◽  
Rafee Jabra ◽  
Salem Alkhater
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Reinforce Concrete ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Gfrp Bars ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Deflection Test

Abstract The paper presents some of the results from a large experimental program undertaken at the Department of Civil Engineering of Damascus University. The project aims to study the ability to reinforce and strengthen the concrete by bars from Epoxy polymer reinforced with glass fibers (GFRP) and compared with reinforce concrete by steel bars in terms of mechanical properties. Five diameters of GFRP bars, and steel bars (4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm) tested on tensile strength tests. The test shown that GFRP bars need tensile strength more than steel bars. The concrete beams measuring (15cm wide × 15cm deep × and 70cm long) reinforced by GFRP with 0.5 vol.% ratio, then the concrete beams reinforced by steel with 0.89 vol.% ratio. The concrete beams tested on deflection test. The test shown that beams which reinforced by GFRP has higher deflection resistance, than beams which reinforced by steel. Which give more advantage to reinforced concrete by GFRP.

scholarly journals Preparation and Preliminary Study on Irradiated and Thermally Treated Polypropylene (PP) - Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
M. S. I. Mozumder ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
M. A. Rashid ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
M. E. Haque
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Thermally Treated

The tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (ES) of non-irradiated (thermally treated) and irradiated Polypropylene (PP) - styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were studied. The content of SBR (mass %) on PP and radiation dose play an important role on tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of PP-SBR composites. Tensile strength (TS) decreased markedly on increasing the SBR content on PP and even on exposing to radiation. The elastic modulus (EM) of PP-SBR composite has a tendency to increase with radiation dose and aging time but decreases with SBR loading. The water uptakes increase with SBR loading which accelerate with aging.Keywords: Polypropylene; Styrene butadiene rubber; Tensile strength; Elastic modulus.© 2011 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi:10.3329/jsr.v3i3.3288               J. Sci. Res. 3 (3), 481-489 (2011)

Residual Properties of the Drawn Steel Wires for Damage-Based Fretting Fatigue Models of the Wire Ropes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Maslinda Kamarudin ◽  
Zaini Ahmad ◽  
Mohd Nasir Tamin
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Fretting Fatigue ◽  
Wire Ropes ◽  
Residual Properties ◽  
Steel Wires

This paper presents the residual properties and parameters of the damage-based fatigue life prediction models of the steel wire ropes under fretting fatigue conditions. The damage mechanics-based approach is employed to develop the predictive method for the reliability of the steel wire ropes. The elastic modulus is dependent on the fatigue load condition and the accumulated number of the load cycles. The characteristic degradation of the Young’s modulus of drawn steel wires is established through the phenomenological presentation of the interrupted fatigue test data. The samples are given a quasi-static loading followed by a block cyclic loading with various stress amplitudes and ratios. The residual Young’s modulus is calculated after each block of cycles. The effect of the different loading condition with the amplitude and mean stress on the measured fatigue life of a single wire is presented using the life parameter, χ. The residual Young’s modulus data are presented in terms of normalized quantities. Significant reduction in the elastic modulus due to fatigue is exhibited after enduring 70% of the fatigue life of the material. The fitting constants are obtained, and the fitted equation is used to describe the degradation of Young’s modulus at N number of cycles. Subsequently, the data can be applied to predict the fatigue-life of steel wire ropes and assess its reliability through fretting-induced damage models.

Research on Fully-Enclosed Composite Cable Made with CFRP and High-Tensile Steel Wire

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 1927-1931
Author(s):  
Yun Gang Chen ◽  
Zheng Xing Guo ◽  
Han Chang
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Coordination Mechanism ◽  
Axial Stiffness ◽  
Forming Technology ◽  
Steel Wires

In this paper, the proposed idea of producing fully-enclosed composite cable with CFRP coupling of high-tensile steel wires and the forming technology of the fully-enclosed composite cable body were introduced. The coordination mechanism of the fully-enclosed composite cable, the requirement of equal elastic modulus between high strength steel wire bundle and CFRP were investigated theoretically. We have come to the follwing conclusions: (1) Carbon fiber has the same strain with the high-tensile steel wire under the tension of whole anchorage. (2) The distribution of the force of the composite cable is in accordance with the axial stiffness between the carbon fiber with high-tensile steel wire. (3) To achieve a good synergy between the carbon fiber with high-tensile steel wire, similar or equivalent elastic modulus is required. (4) The stress ratio between carbon fiber and high-tensile steel wire in the fully-enclosed composite cable in engineering application should be controlled around 0.5.

scholarly journals Mechanical evaluation of quad-helix appliance made of low-nickel stainless steel wire

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Rogério Lacerda dos Santos ◽  
Matheus Melo Pithon
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Steel Alloy ◽  
Mechanical Compression ◽  
Stainless Steel Alloy ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quad Helix

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is no difference between stainless steel and low-nickel stainless steel wires as regards mechanical behavior. Force, resilience, and elastic modulus produced by Quad-helix appliances made of 0.032-inch and 0.036-inch wires were evaluated. METHODS: Sixty Quad-helix appliances were made, thirty for each type of alloy, being fifteen for each wire thickness, 0.032-in and 0.036-in. All the archwires were submitted to mechanical compression test using an EMIC DL-10000 machine simulating activations of 4, 6, 9, and 12 mm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with multiple comparisons and Tukey's test were used (p < 0.05) to assess force, resilience, and elastic modulus. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference in the forces generated, resilience and elastic modulus were found between the 0.032-in 0.036-in thicknesses (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Appliances made of low-nickel stainless steel alloy had force, resilience, and elastic modulus similar to those made of stainless steel alloy.

Influence of Carbon Content on the Mechanical Properties of Ultra-high Strength of Coated Steel Wire

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cho Myung Hyun ◽  
Suhaimi Salleh ◽  
Norhayati Ahmad ◽  
Ali Ourdjini ◽  
Esah Hamzah
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Zinc Coating ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Galvanized Steel ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Torsion Deformation

Ultra-high strength of steel wire for offshore mooring lines can be achieved by increasing carbon content, addition of alloying elements and increasing cold work. The influence of carbon content and zinc coating on the tensile strength and torsion deformation have been investigated for drawn and hot dip galvanized steel wires at various drawing strain. In this work, experiments were conducted to increase the tensile strength of hyper-eutectoid steel wires by increasing carbon content from 0.87%wt to 0.98%wt. The samples with various diameter was drawn to their final diameter, then hot dip galvanized at 460ᵒC in a zinc bath to improve the anti-corrosion property. Torsion deformation has been investigated by twisting the drawn steel wires to different number of revolutions. Fractured samples after torsion test were analysed by optical and Field Emision Scaning Electron Microscope. The results showed that by increasing carbon content up to 0.98%wt (sample D) at drawing strain of 1.97 greatly increased the tensile strength up to 2338 MPa. However, delamination occurred at the zinc coating layer at strength exceeding 2250 MPa and the maximum limit of tensile strength of 0.92% C (sample D) is 2026 MPa without delamination. The effect of zinc coating layer on torsion degradation also revealed that the zinc alloy layer had a significant effect on delamination in the hot dip coating which associated with the higher carbon and silicon content (sample B) in the steel wires.

scholarly journals Análisis experimental del comportamiento mecánico de elementos de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría sometidos a compresión transversal a las fibras = Experimental analysis of the mechanical behavior of small squad pine wood elements subjected to cross-fiber compression

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nuria Llauradó ◽  
Nieves Gónzalez ◽  
Pilar De la Rosa Garcia ◽  
Álvaro Santamaria
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Compression Stress ◽  
Transverse Compression ◽  
Compression Behavior ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Structural Details

ResumenEn numerosos detalles estructurales de construcciones realizadas con madera, el esfuerzo de compresión transversal a las fibras juega un papel muy importante y en muchas ocasiones condiciona su diseño. En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento a compresión de piezas de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría sometidas a un esfuerzo de compresión transversal a las fibras y se han obtenido unos valores medios para la tensión de rotura y el módulo de elasticidad de 4,20 MPa y 305,86 MPa, respectivamente.AbstractIn many structural details of buildings made of wood, the transverse compression stress to the fibers plays a very important role and often determines its design. In this work, the compression behavior of small pine wood pieces subjected to a cross - compressive stress to the fibers is analyzed and mean values for the tensile strength and the modulus of elasticity of 4,20 MPa and 305.86 MPa, respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Aqueous Solutions on Tensile Strength Characteristics of Commonly Used Steel Reinforcements in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AUDU Mohammed Taiwo ◽  
Emmanuel Ndububa ◽  
Olarewaju Oluwole Kolade
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Reinforcing Bars ◽  
Steel Bars

The assessment of the performance of various local and imported steel reinforcements in aqueous media will contribute to the level of their engineering uses by assessing the degree of their deterioration thereby safeguarding the possible failures of structural elements whereby they are used. This study investigated the properties and durability of both local and imported steel reinforcing bars in Nigeria. Weekly durability assessments in terms of yield, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity for both local and foreign steel specimens were evaluated to compare the level of deterioration when fully immersed in distilled water, and in aqueous solutions (5% solution of H2SO4, HCl, NaOH, and Na2SO4 in distilled water over a period of six weeks. The severity of aqueous solutions on the tensile strength was in the order HCl> H2SO4 >NaOH> H2O > Na2SO4, and HCl> H2SO4>NaOH> Na2SO4> H2O for imported and local respectively. In conclusion, though the imported bars marginally satisfied the ASTM and BS standards in strength except in durability, but local steel bars did not meet the two requirements.  

scholarly journals Experiments and observations on the development of magnetical properties in steel and iron by percussion:—Part II

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Simple Process ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Steel Bars ◽  
Compound Process ◽  
The Wire ◽  
To Receive

After adverting to the general results of his former inquiries, the author observes that his principal objects on the present occasion were to endeavour, by auxiliary rods of iron, to increase the degree of magnetism; and to ascertain on what circumstances, as to the magnitude of the iron rods, and the quality, size, and temper of the steel wires, the utmost success of the method depends. He formerly used a single iron rod, upon which the steel bars were hammered, both being in a vertical position. He now places the steel wire between two rods of iron, and subjecting it, through the medium of the upper rod, to percussion, derives the advantage of the magnetism of both rods of iron acting at the same time upon both its poles. The rods he used were of the respective lengths of three and one foot, and an inch diameter; and the upper end of the larger rod and the lower one of the smaller rod were made conical, there being an indentation in each to receive the ends of the steel wire. Some magnetism was then elicited by percussion in the larger rod, and the steel wire being properly placed between its upper extremity and the lower one of the small rod, the upper end of the latter was hammered, and magnetism thus communicated to the wire; whilst the lower rod, receiving some influence from the percussion, performed a similar office. The author calls this mode of proceeding, the com­pound process , to distinguish it from the mere hammering of the wire upon the rod, as practised by him formerly, and which he terms the simple process . He then enters into extended details of his several experiments, of which the following are the principal results: first, that the compound process is more effectual in the production of magnetism than the simple one , though the ratio of augmentation does not appear determinate. In one experiment, the maximum effect of the simple process was an attractive force capable of lifting between 186 and 246 grains, while the compound process augmented the lifting power to 326 grains. In another, the simple process gave a lifting power of 246 grains, the compound of 345 grains. Moreover, the efficacy of the compound process is much less manifest upon long than short wires, and is greatly impaired by diminishing the size of the rods.

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