scholarly journals Sustainability of Underground Heritage; The Example of the Military Galleries of the Petrovaradin Fortress in Novi Sad, Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11356
Author(s):  
Tamara Lukić ◽  
Tatjana Pivac ◽  
Marija Cimbaljević ◽  
Bojan Đerčan ◽  
Milka Bubalo Živković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military

This paper focuses on the underground military galleries and countermine system of the Petrovaradin Fortress near Novi Sad (Serbia). The Petrovaradin Fortress was presented within the working group Underground Built Heritage Reuse and Valorisation Strategies on the COST action Underground4value as a good example of tourist valorised underground cultural heritage in Serbia. The goal of the paper is to consider as widely as possible the options that could contribute to the sustainability of these galleries. Numerous field observations, complex research of the literature as well as other available sources, and interviews with visitors to the fortress were necessary for this goal to be achieved. The paper has special historical and practical significance. On the one hand, it represents a record in time concerning the condition of the Petrovaradin Fortress. The practical significance is reflected in the scientific contribution based on the critical analysis of the results obtained from authorities on the Fortress and visitors, as well as the ideas that the authors conceived or adapted from similar sites in the world, assessing that these ideas can be applied to the Petrovaradin Fortress. The results of the paper explain the aspects of ecological, economic, and social sustainability of the Petrovaradin Fortress, and indicate the need for it to be supported by various institutions.

Perspectives for Planning Approaches in Promoting Underground Built Heritage - COST Action Underground4value

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Smaniotto Costa ◽  
Tatiana Ruchinskaya ◽  
Konstantinos Lalenis
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Collaborative Relationships ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
The Public ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Educational Paradigm ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Planning Approaches

<p>The COST Action 18110 Underground4value (http://underground4value.eu) aims to advance knowledge on how to guarantee continuity of use and significance of underground historic fabric. It is collecting information, experiences and knowhow to base the development of research and training. The Action focusses on underground regeneration, revitalisation of the public realm and skills development for people concerned with underground heritage.</p><p>This contribution centres the attention of the Working Group on Planning Approaches. It also looks at the role of local authorities, as enablers and facilitators, in coordination, use  and management of underground built heritage. In this framework underground built heritage is considered as a social resource with integrated programmes of physical, economic and social measures, backed by strategic stakeholder dialogue.</p><p>On the one hand, this contribution discusses the structure and goals of the WG, as it pays attention to the necessary complementarities between functional approaches – at the level of regions and city – and social and cultural approaches involving citizens’ engagement and empowerment – at the local level. This WG aims to provide a reflection on sustainable approaches to preserve the underground built heritage and, at the same time, to unfold the case by case approach for potential use of underground space. On the other hand, to achieve its objectives the WG on Planning Approaches is setting together potentials and constraints in the efforts to make better use of underground heritage. This contribution, therefore, sheds lights on the preliminary results of the WG. It is centred on the learned lessons, challenges and barriers - from a planning science perspective - that experts met in their efforts to tackle Underground Built Heritage. Achieving this goal makes the call for an educational paradigm shift - as the Action is not only interested in compiling the results, rather on experiences that can be analysed and learned. This requires a dynamic understanding of knowledge, abilities and skills, towards creating more effective coalitions of ‘actors’ within localities, by developing structures, which encourage long term collaborative relationships. Enabled by the gained knowledge, the WG will define the best tailored ways to forward this knowledge for planners and decision-makers.</p>

Money and Emotion

Money Talks ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlie Hochschild
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Labor ◽  
The West ◽  
Emotional Detachment ◽  
Commercial Exchange ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

This chapter delves into the world of commercial surrogates' emotional labor. Using the case of surrogates outsourced from India by parents in the West, the chapter focuses on “win-lose” situations. It shows that the one-down party pays a sacrifice in emotional detachment from something of great value, such as a piece of ancestral land, a kidney, or in this case, a baby. It argues that we should count the cost of commercial exchange not simply in the value of coin but in the price it exacts in emotional detachment. The chapter thus introduces issues of power and inequality for understanding contested transactions. It is not that money necessarily taints the surrogacy exchange, but that the transaction is not among equals.

scholarly journals Research of the technology for the production of modified sulfur bituminous binders

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-274
Author(s):  
R. Djimasbe ◽  
V. B. Ivanov ◽  
A. F. Kemalov ◽  
R. A. Kemalov ◽  
T. F. Valeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Bituminous Binders ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Alternative Solutions

In this article, a review of the literature on the technology for producing elemental sulfur-based paving material was reviewed, and a laboratory test of this technology was conducted at the Department of Highly Viscous Crude Oil and Bitumen. Natural. Attempts to mix sulfur with bitumen to reduce the cost of road construction and sulfur use were undertaken earlier, but the resulting blends did not provide the appropriate quality and the process was difficult to implement. The article proposes a unique technology to obtain not a physical mixture, but the formation of a chemical bond between sulfur and bitumen with the formation of bitumen polymers. This technology becomes possible with the use of a catalyst specially developed by the initiators of the project and has no equivalent in the world practice. And we add that the subject of the production of sulfur bitumen is not a question of actuality on the one hand since 1970, many researchers are interested in this subject but as with the abundance of oil and no one question about alternative solutions, and today with the reduction of traditional oil this theme is really soliciting.

scholarly journals The phenomenon of Jihad in Islam

Islamovedenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
Yakhyaev Mukhtar Yakhyaevich ◽  
◽  
Arsen Mukhtarovich Yakhaev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Popular Science ◽  
Holy War ◽  
World Community ◽  
Methodological Flaw ◽  
Educational Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Based on a critical analysis of the definitions of Jihad in popular science, dictionary refer-ence, commentary, and educational literature, the article establishes the methodological flaw of the abstract, one-sided representation of Jihad exclusively as a call to Muslims to wage a "Holy war". It concludes that such a one-sided definition of Jihad, imposed on the world community by Western Islamism, which is critical of everything Muslim, is used by the inspirers of interna-tional terrorism as a religious justification for the need to wage an armed war against non-believers and apostates. Understanding the Quranic provisions about Jihad, the historical en-richment of the content of Jihad, the various forms and varieties of its manifestation allows the authors to outline methodologically verified research principles and offer a conceptual defini-tion of Jihad that expresses its deep essence. The article defines Jihad as an Islamic phenome-non that consists in the concentration of consciousness, will, desires, and efforts of every Mus-lim and the entire Islamic Ummah in General to strengthen the faith in the One Allah, to protect and spread this faith, and to subordinate personal and public life to the requirements of Islam. This deep essence of Jihad is manifested in the most diverse efforts made by believers on the path of Islam, in the zeal that contributes to the qualitative improvement of the Muslim Ummah, its quantitative growth. The author of the article considers it inappropriate to claim that the religious phenomenon named by the Arabic term "Jihad" is exclusively an Islamic phenomenon. He puts forward the thesis that, although the term "Jihad" is used only in Islam to express the concentration of all ef-forts of Muslims on the path of establishing faith in the One Allah, a similar phenomenon occurs in other religions. The selfless service of Muslims to Islam should not become the basis for its characterization as a bloodthirsty religion associated with wars, battles, violence, suicides, and other negative aspects, since no religious and cult system can be established, strengthened, and spread except on the basis of the diligent service of its adherents.

scholarly journals The Mental Space of the Zaporozhian Cossacks in representations оf Dmytro Yavornytsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Serhii Svitlenko
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
The Military ◽  
Territorial Division

The aim of the article is to study the mental space of the Zaporozhian Cossacks in representations of the prominent Ukrainian historian Dmytro Yavornytsky (1855–1940). Historiographic analysis and synthesis are research methods. Sources: works of Dmytro Yavornytsky, memoirs of contemporaries of the scientist-historian, modern historiography. The main results are that the author actualizes the historical and geographical aspect of the mental history of Ukraine; shows the importance of understanding spatial identification and differentiation for the realization of historical and national identity, mental understanding of the world on the examples of achievements of Ukrainian and foreign European scientists. Based on the analysis of Dmytro Yavornytsky’s creative work, it is proved that the scientist-historian came to the conclusion about the ancient, organic nature of the territory of the Steppe Ukraine to the Freedoms of the Zaporozhian Lowland Army; its external borders are established; the internal Ukrainian territorial demarcation between the lands of the Army of the Zaporozhian lower and Poltava regiments of the Hetmanate is marked. An expert on the history of the Zaporozhian Freedoms established that the space of the mental world of the Zaporozhian Cossacks covered a huge steppe expanse that ran along both banks of the Dnipro; widely used the data of hydrography, topography, climate, flora and fauna of the Zaporozhian region to understand the features of this area, which had a huge impact on the mentality of the Cossacks. The Dnipro River, which united the two banks of the Zaporozhian Freedoms, was of sacred significance for the mental world of the Cossacks. To understand the spatial component of the mental world of the Cossacks, it is important to divide the military and territorial division of the Zaporizhzhya, to show the history of the Cossacks in the context of contacts with neighbors. Noting the peculiarities of the history of the Zaporozhian Cossacks, Dmytro Yavornytsky closely linked the struggle of the Zaporozhian Cossacks not only for the rights and freedoms of Zaporizhzhya, but also of other Ukrainian lands, which confirms the mental unity of the Cossacks with other parts of Ukraine. Brief conclusions. D. I. Yavornytsky revealed the spatial aspects of the diverse mental world of the Cossacks, which gave rise to a special historical energy, the basis of freedom-loving and the strength of spirit of the Zaporozhian society. The practical significance of the article is that its material will be of interest to students, graduate students, doctoral students and historians in the study of historiography and mental history of Ukraine. The originality of the article is in understanding of little- studied mental aspects of the heritage of the scientist-historian. Scientific novelty is in the development of insufficiently studied problem of the mental world of the Cossacks in the work of Dmitry Yavornytsky. Type of article: analytical.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Globalization on Human Resource Development Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Ali Gunawan ◽  
Stephen Gregorius Kurnia ◽  
Hasan Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
The Other ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

The terms “Globalization” and “The Digital Era” are familiar words that sound in our ears which mean progress or development.  The term globalization is a term that has links to increase interdependence among nations and people around the world through trade, investment, travel, popular culture and other forms of interaction so that the boundaries of a country become biased.  Globalization can bring about changes in all areas such as culture, economy, social, politics, ideology and so on.  On the one hand, globalization brings with its positive consequences and on the other hand also carries negative sides.  The Digital Era supports the process of Globalization to make it easier to accomplish, which makes it all easy to communicate with anyone and anytime, accessing data and information easily and quickly wherever we are especially supported by the tools of modern softwares and hardwares.  The Digital Era can also develop the capabilities of human resources must be able to adjust to use it.  For human resources who are unable to compete will be replaced with more capable ones.  However, currently Human Resources in Indonesia have not been fully encouraged to enter the Digital Era due to the constraints of several factors, such as the availability of infrastructure, the cost of digital is still inadequate when associated with the number of people with the level education and low technological understanding so they are accustomed to do jobs that do not require special skills.  Here ther role of all groups, communities and governments, to further improve the skills of human resources so as to be able to improve the economy and welfare.

scholarly journals The Evolution of the Concept of War in the Modern World (Some Considerations Inspired by Mary Kaldor’s Book)

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
E. Shanchenko
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Conflict Solution ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Violent Conflicts

The paper presents some considerations, partly polemic, inspired by Mary Kaldor’s book New and Old Wars. For this end, a brief comparative analysis is suggested of large-scale wars of the past (starting from the17th and with particular attention to the end of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries), on the one hand, and the so called “new wars”, on the other. The concept of “war” has been actual permanently, but it underwent changes, the most serious of them took place at the beginning and in the middle of the 20st century. However, the current political situation on the world scene shows that the conflicts of the globalization era differ considerably from those of previous centuries which were mainly conducted according to the generally adopted “rules of war” considered now as classical.The substantial role in modern violent collisions is played by a conflict of identities which was not so important when wars were conducted mainly between national states. Unlike conflicts of the previous centuries, the military confrontations of today may occur not only between states, but also inside the single country, where different groups of participants are pursuing their own goals in frameworks of identity policy. The traditional notion of civil war is not enough to cover this variety. Due to the global nature of the modern conflicts and involvement of the variety of participants, the conflict resolution seems to be more complicated than ever. Moreover, the identity factor has become an effective tool for different parties of the conflict who tend to use it at their own convenience. Consequently, resolution of modern violent conflicts, wherever they develop, demands contemporary and often non-trivial solutions, as well as close attention of the global community. The author believes that to resolve modern conflicts effectively, the world society should create a unified and comprehensive definition of the concept of “war” as well as invent new ways of the conflict solution taking into consideration, among other things, the diverse dynamics of globalization processes.

scholarly journals Realtà e memoria di una disfatta

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Arab World ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Essay ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Realtà e memoria di una disfatta does not address either the causes of the Six Day War or the consequences that the military conflict had for Israelis and Palestinians, about which much has been written. It focuses instead on the impact of the war on Arab countries, and the weighty legacy left by the defeat of 1967, which has been much less studied. There are several references to this in the short essay by Samir Kassir, L'infelicità araba, published posthumously in Italy in 2006. In his analysis, Kassir warns against falling into the dual trap that has ensnared the Arab world for the last forty years: on the one hand the Orientalist reading that lays the blame on Islam for the delayed modernisation of this part of the world, and on the other the temptation to heap responsibility for all evils on the West. To avoid this risk, as Kassir sees it, the Arabs have to take their destiny into their own hands, shrugging off victimism and coming to terms with modernity.

Die wirtschaftlichen Auswirkungen der Piraterie auf die Schifffahrt

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Torsten Czenskowsky ◽  
Jan-Michael Böttcher
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Horn Of Africa ◽  
Sea Transport ◽  
Know How ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military ◽  
Weil Sich

Heutzutage existiert Piraterie an vielen Orten und in vielen Formen auf der ganzen Welt. Der Grund dafür ist, dass kriminelle Organisationen erkannt haben, dass Lösegelderpressung oder Ladungsraub ein einträgliches Geschäft sein kann. Auch internationale Organisationen und nationale Regierungen haben diesen Trend erkannt und erwerben ein immer höheres Know-how, wie mit dieser Art der Bedrohung umzugehen ist, bzw. wie gegen diese vorgegangen werden kann. Auch Reedern und Schiffseignern ist bewusst geworden, dass ihre Schiffe jederzeit Ziel eines Piratenangriffes sein können, wenn sie sich in diesen gefährdeten Gebieten aufhalten. Aufgrund dessen wurden Maßnahmen ergriffen, um Schiffe, Ladungen und Besatzungen zu schützen. Dabei müssen die Reeder und Schiffseigner jedoch den Kostenrahmen beachten, weil sich die Transporte sonst nicht mehr rentieren oder die Preise für die Kunden zu hoch veranschlagt werden müssen. In recent years the worldwide threat of piracy has increased. Ransom or robbery charge can be a lucrative business. In this matter West Africa and Indonesia are currently the most vulnerable areas of the world. A disturbance of the sea transport streams causes economic damage and should therefore continue to be actively discouraged. International organizations and governments have recognized that. The military operations at the Horn of Africa effectively decreases the number of pirate attacks. Ship owners are also aware that their ships could be the target of a pirate attack at any time. They have taken steps to protect crew, ship and cargo. However, the ship owners need to consider the cost framework; otherwise the prices for the end customers will become too high. This article describes piracy in general and especially the economic aspects of this threat. Keywords: rechtsrahmen, nutzwertanalyse, imb pcr, gefährdungsgebiete

scholarly journals Cost-management in correspondent banking relationships

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Larysa Sloboda
Keyword(s):  
Cost Management ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Currency Hedging ◽  
Cost Cutting ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The World ◽  
Banking Relationships ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Digital Assets

Cost-management is essential and highly specific sphere, which requires applying adequate decision- making approach as a part of the bank’s internal value creation process. Correspondent banking is a dynamically growing area of management and controlling methods applied in banks on the one hand and high risk financial segment of the regulators’ measures and expectations around the world on the other. The purpose of this research is to outline the main challenges for cost-management development in correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) around the world with recommendations for Ukraine. The paper explains the key reasons and essential components of cost-management system for managing risks and costs in CBRs based on the analytical results of transactions volume, comparing drivers of restriction of CBRs, rapidly growing number of different types of compliance and operational costs. As a result, the study highlights the cost-cutting measures based on digital assets solutions and blockchain technologies that can help banks to eliminate and lower costs of customer on-boarding, due diligence and money laundering prevention, foreign exchange and currency hedging, treasury and payment operations, liquidity and capital raising.

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