Small Hydropower Plant for Sustainable Electricity from RES Mix

In the context of the need for an increasing share of renewables in electricity mixes, the paper presents the existing RES mix, PV and wind, for partially covering the electricity consumption of a research institute, ICSTM, and proposes a solution for completion with a third form of RES, a small hydropower plant. Moreover, it is envisaged to include the proposed small hydropower plant as a new real-scale laboratory attached to ICSTM. The method includes the presentation of an existing proposal for increasing installed capacity in new PV panels and propose to install an SHPP to a weir situated a few hundred meters from the institute. The hydropower potential for two possible arrangements is assessed and some types of turbines suitable for this location are presented. The main results demonstrate that building an SHPP is a better solution for completion of PV and wind as source of electricity for ICSTM. The main conclusion of the paper is that by installing new RES capacities, ICSTM can build a real-scale laboratory for new technologies, at the same time fully covering its own electricity consumption and even supplying a green electricity mix into the national power system.

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Paraguay, Bhutan and Nepal: Landlocked but Hydropower Rich Cases of the Lame duck, Flying Goose and Sitting Duck!

Hydro Nepal Journal of Water Energy and Environment ◽

10.3126/hn.v3i0.1895 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 4-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Santa Bahadur Pun

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Load Shedding ◽

Hydropower Plant ◽

Gdp Growth ◽

Three Gorges ◽

Energy And Environment ◽

Gdp Growth Rate ◽

Hydropower Potential ◽

Lame Duck ◽

Installed Capacity

Paraguay has 5.6 million people, Bhutan has 0.6 million and Nepal has 27 million, all small land locked countries with rich hydropower potential. The 12,600 MW Itaipu Project commissioned on Paraguay-Brazil border river, Parana, was the world’s largest hydropower plant until China’s Three Gorges superseded it in 2007. Paraguay’s share, half of Itaipu’s generation, is on average of about 44,000 million units annually with over 90% sold to Brazil. Nepal’s projected average annual generation from three major multipurpose projects, at Sapta Koshi, Karnali Chisapani and Pancheshwar’s 50%, totals about the same. Despite two decades of such large volume of power export, however, Paraguay remains the second poorest country in South America. Nepal, with a tiny 550 MW of hydropower capacity, is undergoing bouts of load shedding and is mired in controversies. Bhutan, with a mere export of about 1,300 MW, comprising 60% of the national revenue, has therefore been strongly recommended as the model for Nepal to replicate. If India is to maintain her 9% GDP growth rate then she will require 785,000 MW (6 times the present installed capacity) of power by 2026/27. Along with this demand for power, she will also need huge quantities of additional freshwater. While there are options for power, there are none for water. All large or small storage projects in Nepal augment water to the rivers flowing down to India. So far India’s policy has been to obtain this augmented water through Nepal’s default. Nepal needs to seriously consider why Paraguay, despite its huge export, is a lame duck while Bhutan with a tiny export is a flying goose!Key words: Power export, Karnali Chisapani, Pancheshwar, Sapta Koshi, Nepal-India Water Resources negotiations,Nepal’s default, Paraguay, Bhutandoi: 10.3126/hn.v3i0.1895Hydro Nepal: Journal of Water, Energy and Environment Issue No. 3, January, 2008 Page 4-8

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AN AHP APPLICATION IN THE INVESTMENT SELECTION PROBLEM OF SMALL HYDROPOWER PLANTS IN TURKEY

International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽

10.13033/ijahp.v7i2.198 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Burak Omer Saracoglu

Keyword(s):

Electricity Generation ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Feasibility Studies ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Hydropower Plant ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Hydropower Plants ◽

Four Levels ◽

Hierarchy Process

<p>Turkey is a country that has had to deal with high electricity consumption due to its rapid growth and development. Attempts have been made to address this increase in demand by increasing the electricity supply by means such as boosting resources by privatization. The electricity generation sector has been privatized in Turkey; hence investors have been looking for the most appropriate electricity generation projects for a long while. Therefore, researchers and practitioners should focus on how the most suitable small hydropower plant project (SHPP) investments can be selected. In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to make the most appropriate and satisfying decision according to the decision makers, experts or investors for a SHPP investment from amongst some alternative SHPP investments in Turkey. All of these SHPPs were assumed to be in the pre-development investment stage, which indicated that their pre-feasibility and feasibility studies had not been presented or taken into consideration until this study was performed. This main constraint forced the researchers to obtain the data and information from the information forms such as the application document to the General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works during the data and information gathering process. The AHP model of this study was structured in four levels with five main criteria, seventeen basic criteria and five alternatives on the Super Decisions Software. The results indicated that Alternative 1 and Alternative 5 should be primarily investigated in detail in subsequent SHPP investment investigation steps.</p>

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An Improved Techno-Economic Approach to Determination of More Precise Installed Parameter for Small Hydropower Plants

Water ◽

10.3390/w13172419 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 2419

Author(s):

Vidosava Vilotijević ◽

Uroš Karadžić ◽

Radoje Vujadinović ◽

Vuko Kovijanić ◽

Ivan Božić

Keyword(s):

Net Present Value ◽

Design Flow ◽

Hydropower Plant ◽

Electricity Production ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

A Value ◽

Hydropower Plants ◽

Wide Range ◽

Installed Capacity

Designing a small hydropower plant (SHPP) necessitates fulfillment of energy and ecological constraints, so a well-defined design flow is of the utmost significance. The main parameters of each SHPP are determined by appropriate techno-economic studies, whereas an improved approach to defining more precise SHPP installed parameter is presented in this paper. The SHPP installed parameter is the ratio of the design flow and averaged perennial flow obtained from the flow duration curve at the planned water intake location. Previous experiences in the design of SHPPs have shown that the SHPP installed parameter has a value in a wide range without the existence of an unambiguous equation for its determination. Therefore, with this aim, the thirty-eight (38) small watercources in the territory of Montenegro, denominated for the construction of SHPPs, have been investigated. SHPPs are divided into two groups depending on the installed capacity and the method of calculating the purchase price of electricity. For both groups, the range of SHPP installed parameter is determined according to the technical and economic criteria: the highest electricity production, the highest income, net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period (PB).

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Climate Change Effects on Hydropower in Mozambique

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10144842 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 4842 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miguel Meque Uamusse ◽

Kamshat Tussupova ◽

Kenneth M Persson

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Power Plants ◽

Large Scale ◽

Feasibility Studies ◽

Hydropower Plant ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Climate Change Effects ◽

Hydropower Potential ◽

The Impact

The impact of climate change on the production of hydropower in Mozambique is reviewed and regression analysis is applied to evaluate future climate scenarios. The results show that climate change will cause increased variability of precipitation and create flooding that can damage infrastructure such as hydropower dams. Climate change can also cause drought that will decrease surface water and reduce hydroelectric generation in Mozambique. Electricity generation is to a major extent performed through large-scale hydropower in Mozambique. To fulfill the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and an increased demand for electricity, several large and many small hydropower projects are planned and were built in the country. The economic lifetime of a hydropower plant is typically 100 years, meaning that the hydrologic regimes for the plants should be evaluated for at least this period. Climate change effects are rarely included in present feasibility studies. Economic implications associated with climate change phenomena are higher in Mozambique than in neighboring countries as its future electricity demand to a large extent is forecasted to be met by hydropower. The large hydropower potential in Mozambique should as well be considered when investing in new power plants in southern Africa.

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Operating Small Hydropower Plants in Greece under Intermittent Flow Uncertainty: The Case of Tsiknias River (Lesvos)

Challenges ◽

10.3390/challe11020017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ourania Tzoraki

Keyword(s):

Hydropower Plant ◽

Low Flow ◽

Intermittent Flow ◽

The European Union ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

Policy Makers ◽

The Road ◽

Hydropower Plants ◽

Crete Island ◽

Hydropower Potential

In arid and semi-arid parts of the world, river exploitation is intensive, involving water storage for irrigation or hydropower generation. In Greece, 100 small hydropower plants (SHPs) take advantage of less than 10% of the hydropower potential of low flow streams (<2 m3/s), a very small amount in relation to the 70% of the European Union. The energy policy of complete decarbonization of the country by 2023 on a national scale opens the road for new investments in SHP projects, especially in intermittent-flow streams of the Greek islands. Simulated flows by the Modello Idrologico SemiDistribuito in continuo (MISDc model) are used to construct the annual flow duration curve (FDC) to study and assess the hydropower potential of an intermittent stream (Tsiknias river, Lesvos, Greece). For Tsiknias River, but also for six other intermittent-flow rivers of Crete island, the capacity factor (CF), which represents the mean annual power of the hydropower plant, should remain >75% to exploit the river’s potential. The FDC and CF are essential in designing SHP projects in intermittent-flow streams with long no-flow periods. The development of public participatory approaches and a closer cooperation among policy makers and stakeholders should work to promote hydropower exploitation and accelerate licensing procedures.

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JUSTIFICATION OF HYDROPOWER POTENTIAL OF THE VOVCHA RIVER FOR CONSTRUCTION OF SMALL HPP IN THE SITE OF GAVRYLIVKA RESERVOIR

Municipal economy of cities ◽

10.33042/2522-1809-2021-4-164-144-152 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (164) ◽

pp. 144-152

Author(s):

V. Kovalenko ◽

H. Hapich ◽

V. Zaporozhchenko ◽

I. Shynkarenko ◽

I. Chushkina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Flow ◽

Capacity Utilization ◽

Hydropower Plant ◽

Likelihood Method ◽

Estimation Of Parameters ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

Research Results ◽

Hydropower Potential ◽

Annual Distribution

The article presents the research results of the hydropower potential of the Vovcha River in the site of Gavrilivka Reservoir for construction of a small hydropower plant. During the research, statistical methods were used to analyze the homogeneity of long-term fluctuations of river flow. Estimation of parameters of analytical distribution curves (average long-term value Q, coefficient of variation СV, ratio of asymmetry coefficient to variation coefficient CS/CV) was performed by the maximum likelihood method. Determination of the estimated annual distribution of the flow in the site is carried out by the real year method. Methods for calculating the hydropower potential are based on the results of hydrological investigation. To achieve stated objective, the following tasks are solved: 1) the water resources of the Vovcha River in the Gavrilivka Reservoir were quantified; 2) the hydropower potential of the Gavrilivka Reservoir is estimated according to model years; 3) the value of technically achievable, guaranteed and ecologically justified hydropower potential is established; 4) technical and economic indicators of project practicability are assessed. The provision of HPP capacity has been determined both for the whole series of observations and for the distinctive model years. In particular, the provision capacity of N = 50 kW will amount on average 57% (208 days per year), and for the guaranteed component of N = 44 kW it will amount 62% (226 days per year). According to the research results, it is established that the optimal capacity of the hydropower plant is 50÷75 kW with a designed capacity utilization of 80÷70%, respectively. The approximate payback period will be 7-9 years with a 10% amortization rate, and accordingly a possible replacement of equipment in 10 years.

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Estimation of Run-of-River Hydropower Potential in the Myitnge River Basin

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2020.p0267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 267-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kyu Kyu Thin ◽

Win Win Zin ◽

Zin Mar Lar Tin San ◽

Akiyuki Kawasaki ◽

Abdul Moiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

River Basin ◽

Swat Model ◽

Hydropower Plant ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

Planning Stage ◽

Hydropower Plants ◽

Hydropower Potential ◽

Flow Duration Curves ◽

Monthly Discharge ◽

Run Of River

The need for electricity is rapidly increasing, especially in developing countries. There is vast hydropower potential existing globally that has not yet been explored. This could be the only solution to solve future global power shortage. Hydropower is a clean and renewable source of energy because it does not exploit the use of water. However, using the conventional approach to harness hydropower results in several challenges. It is difficult to identify suitable sites and assess site potential during the planning stage of hydropower projects. In this study, run-of-river hydropower potential for the Myitnge River Basin was estimated by intergrating a Geographic Information System (GIS) and Soil & Water Assessement Tool (SWAT) model. A GIS based tool was developed using Python to spot the potential locations of the hydropower plants. The hydrological model (SWAT) was designed in order to obtain the values of monthly discharge for all potential hydropwer sites. The flow duration curves at potential locations were developed and the design discharge for hydropower was identified. Forty-four run-of-river (ROR) type potential hydropower sites were identified by considering only the topographic factors. After simulation with SWAT model, twenty potential sites with a hydropower generation potential of 292 MW were identified. Currently, only one 790 MW Yeywa Hydropower Plant, which is the largest plant in Myanmar, exists in the Myitnge River Basin. The amount of estimated power generated from ROR may increase the existing power system of Myitnge Basin by 36%. This study will assist stakeholders in the energy sector to optimize the available resources to select appropiate sites for small hydropower plants with high power potential.

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Electricity Generation from Existing Multipurpose Dams in Turkey

Energy Exploration & Exploitation ◽

10.1260/014459805776986911 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 23 (6) ◽

pp. 495-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Recep Bakiş

Keyword(s):

Electricity Generation ◽

Flood Control ◽

Wildlife Conservation ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

Turbine Generator ◽

Turkish Economy ◽

Hydropower Potential ◽

The Cost ◽

Installed Capacity

The aim of this article is to investigate the hydropower potential of multipurpose dams constructed with the purpose of supplying irrigation, domestic water supply, flood control, navigation, recreation, sanitation, and wildlife conservation but not for electricity generation in Turkey. One of the functions of multipurpose dams is to produce electricity when released water from the reservoir. More than 1175 dams in various sizes and types have been constructed so far in Turkey and according to the International Commission on Large Dams (ICOLD) definition, 555 dams have already been in operation by 2005. At the present research, out of 1175 dams, 78 multipurpose dams with an installed capacity less than 20 MW still in operation can be rehabilitated as small hydropower facilities. For this purpose, existing 78 of multipurpose dams which do not generate electricity so far have been investigated. By using these existing multipurpose dams, only minor new civil works and ready-to-use turbine generator are required, which reduces the cost of electricity generation. It has been calculated that the electricity generation using this potential is 1090.89 GWh/yr with 287.83 MW installed capacity. This potential will add an important monetary value to Turkish economy.

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Development of a Hydropower Turbine Using Seawater from a Fish Farm

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9020266 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 266

Author(s):

Md Rakibuzzaman ◽

Sang-Ho Suh ◽

Hyoung-Ho Kim ◽

Youngtae Ryu ◽

Kyung Yup Kim

Keyword(s):

Power Plants ◽

Guide Vane ◽

Cross Flow ◽

Synchronous Generator ◽

Fish Farm ◽

Hydropower Plant ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Data Simulation ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

Hydropower Plants

Discharge water from fish farms is a clean, renewable, and abundant energy source that has been used to obtain renewable energy via small hydropower plants. Small hydropower plants may be installed at offshore fish farms where suitable water is obtained throughout the year. It is necessary to meet the challenges of developing small hydropower systems, including sustainability and turbine efficiency. The main objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of constructing a small hydropower plant and develop 100 kW class propeller-type turbines in a fish farm with a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The turbine was optimized using a computer simulation, and an experiment was conducted to obtain performance data. Simulation results were then validated with experimental results. Results revealed that streamlining the designed shape of the guide vane reduced the flow separation and improved the efficiency of the turbine. Optimizing the shape of the runner vane decreased the flow rate, reducing the water power and increasing the efficiency by about 5.57%. Also, results revealed that tubular or cross-flow turbines could be suitable for use in fish farm power plants, and the generator used should be waterproofed to avoid exposure to seawater.

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Fishways as Downstream Routes in Small Hydropower Plants: Experiences with a Potamodromous Cyprinid

Water ◽

10.3390/w13081041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1041

Author(s):

Francisco Javier Sanz-Ronda ◽

Juan Francisco Fuentes-Pérez ◽

Ana García-Vega ◽

Francisco Javier Bravo-Córdoba

Keyword(s):

General Assumption ◽

Downstream Migration ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Hydropower Plant ◽

Small Hydropower ◽

Pit Tag ◽

Safe Alternative ◽

Hydropower Plants ◽

Longitudinal Connectivity ◽

Alternative Routes

Fish need to move upstream and downstream through rivers to complete their life cycles. Despite the fact that fishways are the most commonly applied solution to recover longitudinal connectivity, they are not considered viable for downstream migration. Therefore, alternative facilities are recommended to facilitate downstream migration. However, a few recent studies have disagreed with this general assumption, showing the potential for bidirectional movements. This study advances our understanding of the potential of fishways for downstream migration by studying their efficiency in a run-of-the-river hydropower plant in the Duero River (Spain). To achieve this, downstream movements of the Iberian barbel (n = 299) were monitored in a stepped fishway for two years with passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tag technology, considering the effect of fish origin and release zone. The results showed that 24.9% of barbels descended through the fishway, with the origin and release zone affecting the fishway location. In addition, downstream movements were observed throughout the whole year, except in winter. The study concludes that, under specific scenarios, fishways could act as safe alternative routes for downstream migration.

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