scholarly journals Morphological and Genetic Characterization of Local Maize Accessions from Emilia Romagna Region, Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Stagnati ◽  
Giovanna Soffritti ◽  
Michelangelo Martino ◽  
Alessandra Lanubile ◽  
Francesca Desiderio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Local Materials

Italian maize germplasm is particularly rich in local materials and each region is characterized by the presence of peculiar local varieties deriving from centuries of adaptation, selection and cultivation. While the introduction of hybrids, during the 1950s, led to the disappearing of many of these varieties, some have been maintained in cultivation by farmers, frequently in marginal areas, as a kind of family heritage. Local varieties were identified throughout field surveys carried out in recent years. The discovery of a traditional popcorn variety over the most common flint and semi-flint materials used for production of polenta was interesting. Since these varieties have never been adequately described and reported in scientific literature, this study was aimed to solve this lack of knowledge on recently discovered local maize populations. Characterization represents the first step of a process focused on the preservation and possible exploitation of important genetic resources. Traditional materials are a useful reservoir of genes for adaptation to local conditions and climate changes. Adequate breeding programs can use such germplasm for developing new and more resilient varieties. These local materials have been characterized at the morphological level highlighting plant, ear and kernel differences. Genetic characterization, carried out on 455 individuals by the use of 10 SSR markers, revealed 62 different alleles ranging from four for markers phi127, phi076 and phi084 to nine for marker p-bnlg176. The landraces are well distinguishable at genetic level since 40% of genetic variability is present among accessions. Five landraces are characterized by the presence of private alleles and heterozygosity levels are generally good. These findings support the possibility to correctly preserve local materials through in situ conservation. Phylogenetic analysis evidenced the presence of varietal clusters, the clearest one formed by three red-pigmented accessions. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that five landraces have a well-defined genetic attribution while the remaining two (EMR04-Mais Rosso di Rasora and EMR10-Mais del Principe di Scavolino) are both constituted by two different backgrounds.

scholarly journals Complex Valuation of Energy from Agricultural Crops including Local Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Václav Voltr ◽  
Martin Hruška ◽  
Luboš Nobilis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Marginal Areas

This paper provides values of economic, energy and environmental assessments of 20 crops and assesses the relationships of soil-climatic conditions in the example of the Czech Republic. The comparison of main soil quality indicators according to the configuration of land and climate regions is performed on the basis of energy and economic efficiency as well as a comparison of the level of environmental impacts. The environmental impacts are identified based on the assessment of emissions from production and also in the form of soil compaction as an indicator of the relationship to soil quality. As concerns soil properties, of major importance is soil skeleton, slope of land and the depth of soil, which cause an increase in emissions from the energy produced. Substantially better emission parameters per 1 MJ through energy crops, the cultivation of perennial crops and silage maize has been supported. Among energy crops, a positive relationship with the quality of soil is seen in alfalfa, with a significant reduction in soil penetrometric resistance; energy crops are also politically justifiable in competition with other crops intended for nutrition of population. The main advantage of energy crops for the low-carbon economy is their CO2 production to MJ, which is almost half, especially in marginal areas with lower soil depths, slopes and stoniness, which can be included in the new agricultural policy.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Profiling of Fruits from Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), Variety Padrón (Mild Hot), at Two Ripening States

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Salvador González-Gordo ◽  
José M. Palma ◽  
Francisco J. Corpas
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Transcriptomic Profiling ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Genus Capsicum

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruits are one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide. This produce has a great agro-economical relevance, since it is extensively cultivated. These fruits are characterized by their high content of vitamins C and A [1]. Capsicum annuum has many varieties, whose fruits differ in size, shape, color, and pungency, this last characteristic being due to the presence, in different degrees, of capsaicinoids and alkaloids, which are exclusive to the genus Capsicum [2]. The present study focuses on the transcriptomic profiling of an autochthonous Spanish variety called “Padrón” (mild hot) [3]. Pepper “Padrón” plants were grown in farms under the local conditions (42°44′05″ N 8°37′42″ W), and fruits at both green and red ripe ripening stages were collected. The transcriptome profiling was carried out in both types of fruits by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) using the NextSeq550 system (Illumina®) [4,5]. RNA-seq analysis revealed that the expression of more than half of the 17,499 identified transcripts was modulated during ripening. Comparing to green fruits, 5626 and 5241 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively, in red fruits. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) have been analyzed to determine the functional categories that orchestrate the ripening process at the genetic level of this non-climacteric fruit.

Revaluation of Ksar El-Haouita in Laghouat, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatiha Imane Mahcar ◽  
Belkacem Takhi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Theoretical Underpinning ◽  
Great Resistance ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Local Materials

Algeria has a rich urban and architectural heritage, which presents regional specificities. Once the ksour was a symbol of balance and perfect harmony with its environment, unfortunately today they no longer reflect their former function. The Ksourian architecture, including that of Laghouat is a prestigious heritage of high value; it is the testimony of genius knowledge and the capacity of their occupants to adapt to the difficult environment. The housing is considered the essential core of this architecture it represents the entire composition of the ksar, its design is inspired by the immediate environment and respects ancestral social values. It is characterized by a simple architecture and simple construction techniques which are based on the construction in load-bearing walls, the construction materials used are local materials of great resistance and less expensive. This study addresses the theme revaluation of heritage, particularly our case study ksar El-Haouita which has experienced a neglecting and depopulation due to several factors. The ksar El-Haouita is among the most famous ksour located in the south of Algeria and exactly in the region of Laghouat. It is built with simple materials and techniques of construction. The construction materials used are local materials like stones and lime found in the environmental surroundings of the ksar. The aim of this study is to identify the major causes of the degradation of ksar, also to preserve ksar El-Haouita through specific operations and to improve the tourist attractiveness of ksar El-Haouita in order to promote heritage, to convert it back into sustainable Saharan tourism. Our study based in the first place; on a theoretical underpinning which contains the notions that have a relation with our theme, the problematic and the envisaged objective, then a presentation of ksar followed by a morphological analysis accompanied by identification of the problems to identify the phenomena of damage and its disfigurement. The last step is to treat an aspect for the development of ksar, this aspect is devoted to the restitution of the defensive system (doors, ramparts, ramparts of houses and towers) of the ksar, through a diagnostic and several operations like (rehabilitation and reconstruction). The aim result of this study is to show that the revaluation of the ksar is a very vast operation and proposes interventions that allow the preservation of the ksar and also to understand the elements that help the success of interventions and to put some of the parameters considered as reference elements and basic principles for the operations on the ksar and among these operations it is (the case study, which is the restitution of the defensive system of ksar El-Haouita).

scholarly journals Alternative Use of Achi, UKPO, and OFOR as Substitute to Standard Viscosifier

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Boyi ◽  
Godswill Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drilling Fluid ◽  
Gel Strength ◽  
Cost Cutting ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Local Materials

In Nigeria, drilling companies import a bulk of drilling fluid materials that they use to carry out their respective operations. This has been a major concern to oil and gas industries since these drilling fluid materials cannot be recycled, are highly expensive in terms of foreign exchange, are not environmentally friendly, not very effective, and non-biodegradable. This work presents an experimental investigation into the reliability of the use of local materials as a substitute to conventional viscosifiers. Local materials used in the analysis are Mucuna solannie (Ukpo), Brachystegia eurycoma (Achi), and Detarium microcarpium (Ofo). The results obtained from the experimental analysis show that they compared closely to the standard viscosifer formulated with Pac-R. The results showed that the density, specific gravity, pH, yield stress, Gel strength, Plastic Viscosity, and yield point of mud formulated from local materials compared favorably with that of the imported viscosifer. It was observed that an increase in concentration produced a better result. Hence, they could replace the Pac-R considering cost, cutting carrying ability, etc.

scholarly journals Genetic Characterization of the Apple Germplasm Collection in Central Italy: The Value of Local Varieties

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpiero Marconi ◽  
Nicoletta Ferradini ◽  
Luigi Russi ◽  
Luciano Concezzi ◽  
Fabio Veronesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Local Varieties

scholarly journals Sand Trapping Fences as a Nature-Based Solution for Coastal Protection: An International Review with a Focus on Installations in Germany

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Christiane Eichmanns ◽  
Simone Lechthaler ◽  
Wiebke Zander ◽  
Mariana Vélez Pérez ◽  
Holger Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
International Review ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Dune System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Dune Systems ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Porous Fence

Sand trapping fences are a widely used nature-based solution to initiate dune toe growth along sandy shorelines for coastal protection. At present, the construction of sand trapping fences is based on empirical knowledge, since only a few scientific studies investigating their efficiency exist. However, the restoration and maintenance of beach-dune systems along the coast requires knowledge of the interaction between the beach-dune system and the sand trapping fences to provide guidance for coastal managers on how and where to install the fences. First, this review gives an overview of the typical aerodynamic and morphodynamic conditions around a single porous fence and the influence of various fence height and porosity values to understand the physical processes during dune establishment. Second, different approaches for evaluating the efficiency of sand trapping fences to trap sediment are described. This review then highlights significant differences between sand trapping fence configurations, nationally as well as internationally, regarding the arrangement, the materials used, and the height and porosity. In summary, it is crucial to enable an intensive exchange among the respective coastal authorities in order to create uniform or transferable guidelines taking local conditions into account, and thus work collaboratively on the idea of sand trapping fences as a nature-based solution in coastal areas worldwide.

scholarly journals Desain Pintu Air Berbantu Komputer Untuk Saluran Irigasi Tersier

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Kukuh Aldi ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Effective Rainfall ◽  
Sluice Gate ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Design Time ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Computer Device ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Aided Design

The effort of human creativity in the field of hydraulics in overcoming the problem of irrigation, one of which is using floodgates. The discharge from the floodgates needs to be adjusted to the water needs of the plant. However, due to the long design process, the computer aided design of sluice on tertiary irrigation channels is needed in order to be able to set the optimum dimensions and output discharges of crops water needs with fast design time. The tool used in the form of a computer device with Ms Excel and AutoCAD software and materials used were secondary data, that is water needs of local varieties of rice plants in Mangkung, Rambitan, NTB on an area of 50 ha. The data’s then calculated and the largest discharge is 0.12 m3/s with plant evapotranspiration of 5.10 mm/day and 6.43 mm/day of effective rainfall, meanwhile the smallest is 0.02 m3/s with plant evapotranspiration of 3.17 mm/day and 3.47 mm/day of effective rainfall. The dimensions of the steel sluice gates obtained are width of sluice gate 0.40 m, height of sluice gate is 0.80 m with an estimated cost of making Rp 7,547,000 per one sluice. The dimensions of the GFRP sliding sluice gates are width of sluice gate 0.50 m, height of sluice gate is 0.75 m with an estimated construction cost of Rp 7,547,000 per one sluice.

Micro-agricoltura e sistemi lineari

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 122-136
Author(s):  
Alessandra Giannini ◽  
Andrea Oldani
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Agronomic Practices ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscape ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Vegetable Gardens ◽  
Fruit Growing ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Definition Of

With the term micro-agriculture, we mean agriculture on a small scale (as opposed to intensive agriculture and monoculture). If horticulture is the collection of agricultural and agronomic practices aimed at the production of vegetables, urban gardening being one aspect of this, then micro-agriculture is the collection of ‘small scale' agricultural practices, including horticulture (as in the case of urban vegetable gardens), fruit-growing or flower-growing. Micro-agriculture is a landscape: the collection of garden plots, and natural and artificial materials used define a unified yet diversified whole, different from the traditional agricultural landscape in its reduced scale, biological richness, the variety of materials used and the heterogeneous landscape created. Land use practices generated spontaneously can lead to projects for landscaping and reorganizing marginal areas, and the definition of a new linear landscape.

scholarly journals Local Materials for Building Houses: Laterite Valorization in Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 324-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gana Abdou Lawane ◽  
Adamah Messan ◽  
Anne Pantet ◽  
Raffaele Vinai ◽  
Jean Hugues Thomassin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Local Materials

This paper presents the preliminary results of geological and geomechanical studies on the laterite stone exploited at Dano quarry in Burkina Faso. The field work described the geological structure of quarry sites and their environment to determine the rocks alteration and the links between the bedrock and lateritic material. Physic-mechanical properties have been studied for assessing the potentiality of this material for lightweight housing, to be completed with thermal and environmental considerations. Some social and economic evaluations are in progress in order to foster its utilization under local conditions

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