scholarly journals The Impact of a Lack of Government Strategies for Sustainable Water Management and Land Use Planning on the Hydrology of Water Bodies: Lessons Learned from the Disappearance of the Aculeo Lagoon in Central Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Valdés-Pineda ◽  
Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich ◽  
Alberto J. Alaniz ◽  
Héctor Venegas-Quiñonez ◽  
Juan B. Valdés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Several studies have focused on why the Aculeo Lagoon in central Chile disappeared, with a recent one concluding that a lack of precipitation was the main cause, bringing tremendous political consequences as it supported the argument that the government is not responsible for this environmental, economic, and social disaster. In this study, we evaluated in detail the socio-economic history of the watershed, the past climate and its effects on the lagoon’s water levels (including precipitation recycling effects), anthropogenic modifications to the lagoon’s water balance, the evolution of water rights and demands, and inaccurate estimates of sustainable groundwater extraction volumes from regional aquifers. This analysis has revealed novel and undisputable evidence that this natural body of water disappeared primarily because of anthropogenic factors (mostly river deviations and aquifer pumping) that, combined with the effects of less than a decade with below-normal precipitation, had a severe impact on this natural lagoon–aquifer system.

Hindsight in 2020? New Zealand's ‘Wait and See’ Approach to Mobile Broadband Regulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
Michael S. Daubs
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Mobile Broadband ◽  
Broadband Service ◽  
Spectrum Auctions ◽  
Spectrum Auction ◽  
Wait And See ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

New Zealand's Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment's Review of the Telecommunications Act 2001, released in 2013, highlighted an increased demand for mobile broadband service, particularly in relation to the 700 MHz spectrum auction of 14 January 2014 – space ideal for next-generation 4G or Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile services. The government seemingly adopted a ‘wait and see’ approach to mobile broadband regulation, however, delaying its development until 2020 when there will be ‘a clearer sense of the impact of new networks and technology’. One can look to Canada to see the need for robust mobile broadband policies. Like New Zealand, Canada has relied primarily upon spectrum auctions to stimulate market competition. The spectrum auction frameworks used there, however, have done little to promote market competition. Applying the lessons learned from Canada to a New Zealand context, this article argues for a more assertive regulatory framework sooner rather than later.

scholarly journals Learning Lessons, Challenges, Impacts & Solutions on the Path of Recovery from Covid-19 in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Poonam R L Rana
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The People ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The research study focuses on the impact of Covid-19 on Tourism in Nepal and looks into the challenges to face in the path of recovery and to bring to light the lessons learned from COVID 19. It is qualitative in nature including both primary and secondary sources. 50 respondents were chosen as samples. The results showed that, there was drastic impact on tourism sector affecting national economy, It has brought to light various challenges to be faced in path of recovery and the greatest lesson learnt is that the government should develop its health sector and the people should always be strong and prepared to face any disaster or pandemics at all times. Solutions are provided in form of recommendations.

Trade Policy in American Economic History

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
Us Trade Policy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
The Impact

This article reviews the broad changes in US trade policy over the course of the nation's history. Import tariffs have been the main instrument of trade policy and have had three main purposes: to raise revenue for the government, to restrict imports and protect domestic producers from foreign competition, and to reach reciprocity agreements that reduce trade barriers. Each of these three objectives—revenue, restriction, and reciprocity—was predominant in one of three consecutive periods in history. The political economy of these tariffs has been driven by the location of trade-related economic interests in different regions and the political power of those regions in Congress. The review also addresses the impact of trade policies on the US economy, such as the welfare costs of tariffs, the role of protectionism in fostering US industrialization, and the relationship between the Smoot–Hawley Tariff Act and the Great Depression of the 1930s.

Accessibility Mapping through Linking Land-Use Development Potentials and Planning for Cycling

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-540
Author(s):  
Tanu Priya Uteng ◽  
Andre Uteng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Policy Objective ◽  
Road Design ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The transport sector aims to address climate change by reducing emissions, and a key to achieving this goal is to increase uptake of sustainable modes such as walking, cycling, and public transport. Therefore, it is important to determine ways to achieve this goal and to build a portfolio of feasible reduction strategies. This study is based in Norway where the government has a clear policy objective to reduce growth in urban car traffic and assimilate future sustainable transport modes. Cycling has therefore gained importance in both policy discussions and programme implementation through providing dedicated infrastructure to increase its modal share. Ways to increase cycling can be plotted at both macro- and microlevels. At the micro-level, road design and improved conditions for cyclists can lead to an increase in cycling. At the macro-level, land-use planning can be one of the tools to promote cycling. We analyse the issue at a macro-level based on an Integrated Methodology for Land Use prognosis within Transportation Models (INMAP) which estimates the mutual eff ects of land-use plans and increased accessibility by e-bike. We assess the extent to which future growth areas, as earmarked by the strategic master plans of the cities of Oslo and Trondheim, coincide with the areas that have a high job accessibility by bicycle and e-bike. Analyses reveal that on the introduction of e-bikes in Oslo, accessibility to jobs in the city centre increases from 20,000–24,000 to over 28,000 jobs. For Trondheim, in terms of spatial expansion of accessibility for jobs, there is an extension of the catchment area from 6 km2 to 18 km2. Based on the findings, this study strongly recommends integrating the impact of e-bikes with land-use planning processes and decisions. Through active land-use management, municipalities and regional development authorities can take informed decisions to steer urban mobility in a more sustainable direction.

scholarly journals Migration and its Impact on Political Scenario:The Case of Karachi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehtab S. Karim , Dr. Huma Baqai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
State Level ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Fault Lines ◽  
The Government ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

The impact of population growth is felt on every wake of life. Themovement of population from one country to another or within a countryhas its own consequences. Goldstone et al (2012) have thus argued, thatthe world’s population is changing in ways that are historicallyunprecedented, having its own political consequences such as, theperformance of the government due to increasing demand for services andthe distribution of political power at intra-state level. Thus, internalmigration, which is from high fertility rural zones to urban centers -indeveloping countries like Pakistan- in search of livelihood andemployment, results in concentration of population in slums and squattersettlements on the one hand and a youth bulge in urban areas, furthercontributing to this phenomenon and unprecedented urbanization. State’sinability to address this demographic change effectively results in strainsresources and poor governance. In turn, it creates xenophobia, wherenative populations blame the new migrants for deteriorating civicamenities; and generates various conflicts of critical nature. Pakistan,since its inception as an independent country, has experienced bothinternational and internal migration that resulted in socio-economiccrisis, political agitation and violent ethnic conflicts. In this backdrop, this paper takes into account the migration patterns in Pakistan since 1947 and focuses on Karachi for it being the most affected city. It theorizes that the conflict matrix of Karachi is fairly indicative of fault lines and argues that these fault lines will turn into gaping holes if timely actions are not taken.  

scholarly journals WATER SCARCITY OR DROUGHT? THE CAUSE AND SOLUTION FOR THE LACK OF WATER IN LAGUNA DE ACULEO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Héctor L. Venegas-Quiñones ◽  
Mark Thomasson ◽  
Pablo A. Garcia-Chevesich
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Lake Water Level ◽  
Drying Up ◽  
Water Withdrawals ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

One of the most recurring discussions among people is the real impact of global warming and human activity on our natural resources. It is hard to identify and quantify the impact generated by each one. Laguna de Aculeo located in Paine city, Chile. It was one of the most attractive and beautiful places to visit in the summer. Today, It has been completely drying up. This research evaluates weather and hydrologic values registered by government weather and water levels stations. The purpose is to evaluate if there has been a change in precipitation, temperature, and water level trend. The analysis consists of the evaluation of the statistical parameters, and legal water withdrawals and fines imposed. The results of this study indicate that the cause of the drought of the lake is generated by climatic and anthropogenic factors. However, the changes in precipitation and temperature over the years are not significant for drying a lake. Therefore, it is possible to assume that human activities are arguably the greatest cause of impact on Laguna de Aculeo. Finally, we present tools, strategies, and practical solutions to prevent, control, and restore lake water level.

scholarly journals Geospatial Analysis of Wetland Land Use/Land Cover Dynamics On Lake Abaya-Chamo, Southern Rift-Valley of Ethiopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariku Zekarias ◽  
Vanum Govindu ◽  
Yechale Kebede ◽  
Abren Gelaw
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
Land Cover Dynamics ◽  
Change Matrix ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Wetlands worldwide and in Ethiopia have long been subject to severe degradation due to anthropogenic factors. This study was aimed at analyzing the impact of land use/cover dynamics on Lake Abaya-Chamo wetland in 1990 – 2019. Data were acquired via Landsat TM of 1990, ETM+ of 2000, and OLI of 2010 and 2019 images plus using interview. Supervised classifications (via ERDAS14 and ArcGIS10.5) were applied to detect land use/cover classes. Change matrix model and Kappa coefficients were used for analysis of the land use/cover dynamics in the lake-wetland.Result: It was found that forest; water, shrub land, agricultural land, settlement and swamp area were the main land use/cover classes. Wetland/swamp area has continuously declined throughout 1990 – 2000, 2000 – 2010 and 2010 – 2019 where its magnitude of shrinkage in the respective periods was 11.4 % (700 ha), 16 % (867 ha) and 31.3 % (1,424 ha). While ‘settlement’ and ‘water body’ of the lake-wetland increased at progressively increasing magnitudes of changes in three periods within 1990 – 2019, ‘shrub land’ and ‘swamp’ declined at progressively increasing magnitudes of loss in the same periods Siltation, rapid population growth-led expansion of settlement and irrigation-based farming were the main drivers of the land use/cover dynamics and degradation of the lake-wetland. Conclusion: Thus, consistent mapping and integrated actions should be taken to curb the threats on the sustainability of the lake-wetland in Southern Ethiopia. To curb the impact of LULC dynamics on wetlands, the government should: formulate clear policy, institutional and legal framework on the management of wetlands.

The cyber classroom: Academic governance and sustainability in the 2020 pandemic context

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1, Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Francisco José Leandro ◽  
Eusebio Chiahsin Leou
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Anticipatory Socialization ◽  
Spring Semester ◽  
Academic Governance ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

From February to December 2020, the Government of Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR) of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) implemented strict health measures to control the pandemic caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19). Among several other developments, universities in the territory turned to online teaching, which lasted for the entire 2020 spring semester. This paper aims to identify the empirical lessons learned from that period, from both pedagogic and governance points of view, keeping in mind the impact of technological, human-related, and governance challenges. The sustainability of online teaching for a limited period of time was directly related to the effectiveness (and speed) of external coordination (involving the relevant governmental departments) and internal commitment within the university. Despite the relative academic success and the technological transformation, one of the key lessons learned is that online teaching cannot effectively contribute to the processes of secondary and anticipatory socialization in the same way as in-person learning. Therefore, online teaching is not sustainable as a stand-alone tool in higher education. It fails to deliver secondary and anticipatory socialization particularly with regard to the sense of connection and togetherness. Clearly, the current model of academic governance has not been designed to face this type of challenge

Evaluation of Environmental Efficiency of Runoff Responsibility Distribution from the Perspective of Equity and Efficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Kuan Ling ◽  
Chang Hsueh Sheng ◽  
Cheng Hao Teng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Spatial Unit ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

<p>In recent years, the risk of flooding disasters caused by climate change has increased, and a new concept of runoff sharing has been proposed in China. It is an operation method based on the area of ​​the catchment from the perspective of water conservancy. However, the basin area is also a spatial unit of human economic activity. Social and economic development and the distribution of runoff responsibilities clearly show a mutual measurement relationship, and the land has a certain social responsibility to handle its own runoff. How can it be distributed fairly and efficiently? The issue of responsibility for runoff sharing has become an important issue for joint initiatives in the field of soil and water. </p><p> </p><p>In the case of considering the watershed as a spatial scope, in addition to considering its own hydrological properties, there are also socioeconomic development issues that should be clarified and discussed step by step. Therefore, this study attempts to use the three-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to consider hydrology The concept of interaction with the socio-economic environment takes into account the impact of exogenous factors on the allocation of runoff responsibility, and evaluates the efficiency of runoff responsibility. In view of this, from the standpoint of the government and residents sharing the runoff, this study effectively combines the different types of data of the social, economic, and ecological environments in the catchment areas to carry out a comprehensive assessment, and weighs out the optimal distribution efficiency of the overall river basin. </p><p> </p><p>This study is divided into three parts to clarify the distribution of runoff responsibilities, which are divided into: (1) Establishing an assessment framework for the distribution of river basin runoff responsibilities: Based on the analysis of the spatial unit of the catchment area, an attempt is made to integrate different regional development conditions, which can be summarized Appropriate and appropriate distribution methods; (2) Weighing the fairness and efficiency of the distribution of runoff responsibilities in the spatial unit of the watershed: Point out the current runoff responsibility distribution model and characteristics of the catchment area; (3) Attempt to develop the principles for the use of land use planning, Apply the concept of runoff responsibility to land use planning. </p><p> </p><p>Based on the results of this study, a more fair way to distribute runoff responsibilities is proposed, and a new perspective on social natural equality from the river basin scale is clarified. The key factors that affect the distribution of runoff responsibilities are clear. Efficiently undertake total runoff and provide policy planning advice. Try to discuss the issue of runoff responsibility allocation from the field of urban planning, provide river basin runoff responsibility with a planning vision, strengthen the spatial thinking of water and soil dialogue, and look forward to providing a new model of river basin governance in extreme climates. </p>

scholarly journals The Italian Response to the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons Learned and Future Direction in Social Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Sanfelici
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Cultural Shift ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Government Response ◽  
The Government ◽  
Development Approach ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
The Impact

Against the backdrop of a continuously changing situation, the aim of this paper is to discuss the impact of COVID-19 crisis in Italy, the government response to cope with the crisis and the major lessons learned during its management. The analysis shows how Italy’s response has been characterised by some rapid measures to tackle the health crisis, but few plans in the mitigation stage and a lack of community involvement. This contribution stress the importance of a cultural shift, through the effort to apply in practice the principles already indicated in the main global policy frameworks to guide disaster management. A community social development approach can help to build concrete actions in this direction.

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