scholarly journals Racetrack Microtron—Pushing the Limits

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2244
Author(s):  
Maxim Borisov ◽  
Andrey Ermakov ◽  
Vadim Khankin ◽  
Yuri Kubyshin ◽  
Vasiliy Shvedunov
Keyword(s):  
Beam Current ◽  
Isotope Production ◽  
Intrinsic Symmetry ◽  
Racetrack Microtron ◽  
Cargo Inspection ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Accelerating Structure ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Race Track ◽  
The Stability

We consider three types of electron accelerators that can be used for various applications, such as industrial, medical, cargo inspection, and isotope production applications, and that require small- and medium-sized machines, namely classical microtron (CM), race-track microtron (RTM), and multisection linac. We review the principles of their operation, the specific features of the beam dynamics in these machines, discuss their advantages and weak points, and compare their technical characteristics. In particular, we emphasize the intrinsic symmetry of the stability region of microtrons. We argue that RTMs can be a preferable choice for medium energies (up to 100 MeV) and that the range of their potential applications can be widened, provided that the beam current losses are significantly reduced. In the article, we analyze two possible solutions in detail, namely increasing the longitudinal acceptance of an RTM using a higher-order harmonic accelerating structure and improving beam matching at the injection.

scholarly journals A pH-Responsive Foam Formulated with PAA/Gemini 12-2-12 Complexes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Hernán Martinelli ◽  
Claudia Domínguez ◽  
Marcos Fernández Leyes ◽  
Sergio Moya ◽  
Hernán Ritacco
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Dynamic Surface Tension ◽  
Foam Formation ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Dynamic Surface ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Equilibrium Surface Tension ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Air Interfaces

In the search for responsive complexes with potential applications in the formulation of smart dispersed systems such as foams, we hypothesized that a pH-responsive system could be formulated with polyacrylic acid (PAA) mixed with a cationic surfactant, Gemini 12-2-12 (G12). We studied PAA-G12 complexes at liquid–air interfaces by equilibrium and dynamic surface tension, surface rheology, and X-ray reflectometry (XRR). We found that complexes adsorb at the interfaces synergistically, lowering the equilibrium surface tension at surfactant concentrations well below the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of the surfactant. We studied the stability of foams formulated with the complexes as a function of pH. The foams respond reversibly to pH changes: at pH 3.5, they are very stable; at pH > 6, the complexes do not form foams at all. The data presented here demonstrate that foam formation and its pH responsiveness are due to interfacial dynamics.

scholarly journals The effect of Malaysian stingless bee, Trigona spp. honey in promoting proliferation of the undifferentiated stem cell

2019 ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Amin Marwan Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Alif Mazlan ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Afzan Mat Yusof ◽  
Shamsul Azlin Ahmad Shamsuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Natural Medicine ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Standard Culture Medium

Stem cells provide various potential applications in regenerative medicine through its ability of self-renewal and differentiation. Among the various stem cells, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have shown encouraging results in their ability to regenerate. Honey has been used in traditional culture as a natural medicine in supporting wound healing. Yet, very few studies on honey were conducted for its potential as a proliferative agent for stem cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate the stability of two Trigona spp. honeys (1 and 2) added in culture media and its proliferative effect on DPSCs. Both honeys were diluted with standard culture medium through dilution process to prepare the concentrations of 0.01%, 0.04%, 0.10% and 0.25%. DPSCs were treated with the diluted honeys for 24 hours. The proliferative activity was determined through the images taken using an inverted microscope for every six hours. In addition, the MTT assay was conducted to determine the cell viability of DPSCs when treated with both honey 1 and 2 at various concentrations. The results showed a stable culture media added with honey for three days and a dose-dependent proliferative effect of both Trigona spp. honey samples on DPSCs. Optimum proliferative effects were observed at 24 hours for both Trigona spp. honey 1 and 2 on DPSCs. The optimum concentration of Trigona spp. honey 1 was from 0.04% to 0.10% and Trigona spp. honey 2 was below 0.01%. It is concluded that Trigona spp. honey has a promising proliferative effect on DPSCs.

scholarly journals Strain-Tuned Nodal Ring in Two-Dimensional Zn3C6S6 Monolayers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jia-Qi Zong ◽  
Wei-Xiao Ji ◽  
Chang-Wen Zhang ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Pei-Ji Wang
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strain ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
First Principle Calculations ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Electron Orbit ◽  
Density Map ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Partial Charge Density ◽  
Ring Material

The nodal ring material has recently attracted wide attention due to its singular properties and potential applications in spintronics. Here, two-dimensional Zn3C6S6 is calculated and discussed by using first-principle calculations. We found that two-dimensional Zn3C6S6 can generate a nodal ring at 10% compressive strain, and the existence of the ring is proved by a partial charge density map. And as the compressive strain increases, the nodal ring does not disappear. At the same time, the stability of the electron-orbit coupling to the nodal ring is applied. Our findings indicate that the two-dimensional Zn3C6S6 is promising in new electronic and spintronic applications.

Chitosan-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsions

2022 ◽  
pp. 44-58
Author(s):  
Viktoria Milkova
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Oil In Water ◽  
Degree Of Acetylation ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Stability

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide and emulsifier that can ensure a significant emulsion stability at suitable pH, ionic strength, composition, concentration, or thermal processing. The evaluation of the electrokinetic properties is a key factor in investigation of the stability of the nanoemulsions with a view to their potential applications in bionanotechnology. Consequently, the precise control over the physicochemical characteristics of chitosan (degree of acetylation, DA and molecular weight, Mw) can provide a high stability and specific biological properties of the developed functional structures. The chapter is focused on the interpretation of the electrokinetic response from nanoemulsion stabilized by adsorption of chitosan (as a polyelectrolyte or uncharged polymer) by using appropriate theoretical approaches.

scholarly journals Effective Modulation of Optical and Photoelectrical Properties of SnS2 Hexagonal Nanoflakes via Zn Incorporation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Mohan Kumar ◽  
Pugazhendi Ilanchezhiyan ◽  
Hak Dong Cho ◽  
Shavkat Yuldashev ◽  
Hee Chang Jeon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Energy Bands ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Zn Doping ◽  
Visible Light Absorption ◽  
Photoelectrical Properties ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Tin Sulfides ◽  
The Stability

Tin sulfides are promising materials in the fields of photoelectronics and photovoltaics because of their appropriate energy bands. However, doping in SnS2 can improve the stability and robustness of this material in potential applications. Herein, we report the synthesis of SnS2 nanoflakes with Zn doping via simple hydrothermal route. The effect of doping Zn was found to display a huge influence in the structural and crystalline order of as synthesized SnS2. Their optical properties attest Zn doping of SnS2 results in reduction of the band gap which benefits strong visible-light absorption. Significantly, enhanced photoresponse was observed with respect to pristine SnS2. Such enhancement could result in improved electronic conductivity and sensitivity due to Zn doping at appropriate concentration. These excellent performances show that Sn1−xZnxS2 nanoflakes could offer huge potential for nanoelectronics and optoelectronics device applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of stability and viscosity of [C2mim][DCA] based ionanocolloids

2021 ◽  
Vol 2116 (1) ◽  
pp. 012068
Author(s):  
J Pinto ◽  
E Fabre ◽  
S M S Murshed
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Step Method ◽  
New Class ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Degree

Abstract In the search for the optimization of heat transfer systems, Ionanocolloids (INCs) as we have termed here, have revealed as very attractive choices due to their increasingly potential applications in thermal energy areas. By definition, INCs are suspensions of nanoparticles (NPs) into Ionic Liquids (ILs). Besides a high degree of versatility and enhanced thermal properties, these new class of fluids are considered as green solvents due to their negligible vapor pressure, non-flammability and recyclability. Despite the great advantages of using these INCs, their industrial application is still a challenge due to low stability and high viscosity issues attributed to them. In this work, different Ionanocolloids were prepared by two-step method, using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([C2mim][DCA]) together with deionized water as base fluids and 3 different NPs: Titanium(IV) Oxide, Silicon Oxide and Aluminum Oxide. The stability and viscosity of these mixtures were then evaluated and the results are reported.

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Biological Properties of Graphene-Oxide-Coated Metallic Materials

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5752
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Poniatowska ◽  
Paulina Anna Trzaskowska ◽  
Maciej Trzaskowski ◽  
Tomasz Ciach
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
L929 Cells ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Modified Hummers Method ◽  
Modification Of The Surface

In this article, we present graphene oxide (produced by a modified Hummers’ method) coatings obtained using two different methods: electrophoretic deposition on 316L stainless steel and chemical modification of the surface of gold applied to the steel. The coating properties were characterized by microscopic and spectrometric techniques. The contact angle was also determined, ranging from 50° to 70°. Our results indicated that GO coatings on steel and gold were not toxic towards L929 cells in a direct cell adhesion test—on all tested materials, it was possible to observe the growth of L929 cells during 48 h of culture. The lack of toxic effect on cells was also confirmed in two viability tests, XTT and MTT. For most of the tested materials, the cell viability was above 70%. They showed that the stability of the coating is the crucial factor for such GO coatings, and prove that GO in the form of coating is non-toxic; however, it can show toxicity if detached from the surface. The obtained materials also did not show any hemolytic properties, as the percentage of hemolysis was on the level of the negative control, which is very promising in the light of future potential applications.

scholarly journals Application of Remote Sensing to the Investigation of Rock Slopes: Experience Gained and Lessons Learned

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doug Stead ◽  
Davide Donati ◽  
Andrea Wolter ◽  
Matthieu Sturzenegger
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Rock Slopes ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Difficult Terrain ◽  
Remote Sensing Methods

The stability and deformation behavior of high rock slopes depends on many factors, including geological structures, lithology, geomorphic processes, stress distribution, and groundwater regime. A comprehensive mapping program is, therefore, required to investigate and assess the stability of high rock slopes. However, slope steepness, rockfalls and ongoing instability, difficult terrain, and other safety concerns may prevent the collection of data by means of traditional field techniques. Therefore, remote sensing methods are often critical to perform an effective investigation. In this paper, we describe the application of field and remote sensing approaches for the characterization of rock slopes at various scale and distances. Based on over 15 years of the experience gained by the Engineering Geology and Resource Geotechnics Research Group at Simon Fraser University (Vancouver, Canada), we provide a summary of the potential applications, advantages, and limitations of varied remote sensing techniques for comprehensive characterization of rock slopes. We illustrate how remote sensing methods have been critical in performing rock slope investigations. However, we observe that traditional field methods still remain indispensable to collect important intact rock and discontinuity condition data.

scholarly journals Formwork fabrication freedom for a concrete canoe

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Jipa ◽  
Mathias Bernhard ◽  
Nicolas Ruffray ◽  
Timothy Wangler ◽  
Robert Flatt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Load Bearing Capacity ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Planar Shapes ◽  
Building Components ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

The pursuit for complex geometries in contemporary architecture is driving innovation towards an unconstrained fabrication freedom for building components. Concrete is a building material with excellent structural and architectural qualities, which has the theoretical capacity of being cast into any shape. However, in practice, concrete is generally limited by the formwork manufacturing industry to simple, planar shapes. To overcome this fabrication limitation, this research investigates the use of large-scale 3D-printed plastic formworks for concrete components. This novel construction method takes advantage of the load-bearing capacity of concrete and relies on the fabrication-freedom inherited from the 3D printed formwork, thus making complex topologies and precise details possible for concrete structures. To demonstrate the potential applications of this method, skelETHon —a functional four-meter-long concrete canoe— was designed, built and raced in a regatta on the Rhine river. The research focused on the optimization of the 3D printing process for large-scale plastic formworks and on improving the stability of the thin formwork shells during casting.

100-MeV KOMAC Proton Accelerator at Gyeongju: Operational Status and Upgrade Plan

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2-8
Author(s):  
Yujong KIM ◽  
Myungkook MOON ◽  
Jae-Sang LEE
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Proton Accelerator ◽  
Accelerator Complex ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Isotope Production ◽  
Beam Irradiation ◽  
Proton Beam Irradiation ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

In 2012, the Korea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex (KOMAC) facility with a total construction budget of about $300M was constructed at Gyeongju in Korea. It has a 75 m long 100 MeV proton accelerator, which can supply the highest average beam current of 1.6 mA. Since 2013, the KOMAC has been operating the 100 MeV proton accelerator for the official user beam service with two multi-purpose beamlines, one at 20 MeV and the other at 100 MeV. In 2015, the first new high-flux beamline was constructed for a medical isotope production, and the second new beamline was added in 2016 to provide a low-flux proton beam irradiation service mainly for research on the effects of radiation on semiconductors, spacecraft parts, and medical/biological samples. By the help of recent increased usages of Korean semiconductor manufacturing companies, such as SAMSUNG and SK hynix, the competition rate for requesting beam time of the proton accelerator was increased as high as 3.54:1 in 2020. To support various research fields with good user satisfaction, we have been preparing to increase the beam energy of the proton accelerator from 100 MeV to at least 500 MeV. In this article, we describe the construction history, current operational status, and various applications of the KOMAC proton accelerator and its future upgrade plan.

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