scholarly journals Lactational Transfer of Long-Chain Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids in Mice: A Method to Directly Collect Milk and Evaluate Chemical Transferability

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Yukiko Fujii ◽  
Kouji H. Harada ◽  
Hatasu Kobayashi ◽  
Koichi Haraguchi ◽  
Akio Koizumi
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Lactational Transfer ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, C8), are a group of industrial chemicals that are detected in the serum of people throughout the world. Long-chain PFCAs (C9 to C13) have high lipophilicity, therefore they may have a high transfer rate to breast milk. This study investigated the lactational transfer of PFCAs with carbon chain lengths of 8 to 13 in mice. Lactating dams were given a single intravenous administration of PFCAs (C8 to C13) during the postnatal period (8–13 days after delivery). Milk was collected from the dam 24 h after administration using a milking device built in-house. Plasma was obtained from the dam at the same time as milk collection. The observed milk/plasma (M/P) concentration ratios were 0.32 for C8, 0.30 for C9, 0.17 for C10, 0.21 for C11, 0.32 for C12, and 0.49 for C13. These results indicate that the M/P concentration ratio is not related to the lipophilicity of PFCAs. However, estimated relative daily intake, an indicator of how much PFCA is transferred from dams to pups per body weight, increased with chain length: 4.16 for C8, 8.98 for C9, 9.35 for C10, 9.51 for C11, 10.20 for C12, and 10.49 for C13, which may be related to the lower clearance of long-chain PFCAs. These results indicate the importance of future risk assessment of long-chain PFCAs.

The Use of N-alkanes for Estimating Intake and Passage Rate in Horses

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
B M L McLean ◽  
R W Mayes ◽  
F D DeB Hovell
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Carbon Chains ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Long Chain

Alkanes occur naturally in all plants, although forage crops tend to have higher alkane contents than cereals. N-alkanes have odd-numbered carbon chains. They are ideal for use as markers in feed trials, because, they are inert, indigestible and naturally occurring, and can be recovered in animal faeces. Synthetic alkanes (even-numbered carbon chains) are available commercially and can also used as external markers. Dove and Mayes (1991) cite evidence indicating that faecal recovery of alkanes in ruminants increases with increasing carbon-chain length. Thus the alkane “pairs” (e.g. C35 & C36, and C32 & C33) are used in calculating intake and digestibility because they are long chain and adjacent to each other. However, recent work by Cuddeford and Mayes (unpublished) has found that in horses the faecal recovery rates are similar regardless of chain lengths.

scholarly journals The occurrence of polyenoic very long chain fatty acids with greater than 32 carbon atoms in molecular species of phosphatidylcholine in normal and peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger's syndrome) brain

1988 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Poulos ◽  
P Sharp ◽  
D Johnson ◽  
C Easton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The n-6 tetra- and pentaenoic fatty acids with carbon chain lengths greater than 32 found in normal brain are located predominantly in a separable species of phosphatidylcholine. A similar phospholipid is found in increased amounts in the brain of peroxisome-deficient (Zellweger's syndrome) patients, but the fatty acid composition differs in that penta- and hexaenoic derivatives predominate. Our data strongly suggest that the polyenoic very long chain fatty acids are confined to the sn-1 position of the glycerol moiety, while the sn-2 position is enriched in saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids with less than 24 carbon atoms. It is postulated that these unusual molecular species of phosphatidylcholine may play some, as yet undefined, role in brain physiology.

scholarly journals Unique molecular species of phosphatidylcholine containing very-long-chain (C24-C38) polyenoic fatty acids in rat brain

1990 ◽  
Vol 265 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
B S Robinson ◽  
D W Johnson ◽  
A Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Adult Rat Brain ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Neonatal Rat Brain ◽  
Long Chain

Rat brain has been shown to contain polyenoic very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) belonging to the n-3 and n-6 series with four, five and six double bonds and even-carbon chain lengths from 24 to 38. These fatty acids are almost exclusively located in unusual molecular species of phosphatidylcholine at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone, whereas saturated, monoenoic and polyenoic fatty acids with less than 24 carbon atoms are present at the sn-2 position. Polyenoic VLCFA phosphatidylcholine in neonatal rat brain is enriched with n-6 pentaenoic and n-3 hexaenoic VLCFA with up to 36 carbon atoms, whereas the corresponding phospholipid in adult rat brain mainly contains n-6 tetraenoic and n-3 pentaenoic VLCFA with up to 38 carbon atoms. The total amount of polyenoic VLCFA associated with phosphatidylcholine is highest in the brain of immature animals. Polyenoic VLCFA phosphatidylcholine appears to be predominantly confined to nervous tissue in rats, and it is envisaged that this phospholipid is of physiological significance.

Perfluorinated carboxylic acids in human breast milk from Spain and estimation of infant's daily intake

2016 ◽  
Vol 544 ◽  
pp. 595-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Motas Guzmàn ◽  
Chiara Clementini ◽  
Maria Dolores Pérez-Cárceles ◽  
Sandra Jiménez Rejón ◽  
Aurora Cascone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids

scholarly journals Toxicity of perfluorinated carboxylic acids for aquatic organisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloň Tichý ◽  
Radka Valigurová ◽  
Radomír Čabala ◽  
Rut Uzlová ◽  
Marián Rucki
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Large Standard Deviation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids

Toxicity of perfluorinated carboxylic acids for aquatic organismsToxicity of perfluorinated carboxylic acids with carbon chain C8to C12were tested with oligochaetaTubifex tubifex.Toxicity was evaluated as the exposure time ET50from onset of damage of the oligochaeta in saturated aqueous solutions. The ET50fluctuated between 25 and 257 minutes. No statistically significant difference was found among the C8, C9and C12acids (ET50between 143 and 257 minutes with large standard deviation). The acids with carbon chain C10and C11induced the effect significantly quicker (25 to 47 minutes). No acute toxicity measured in the three-minute test was observed in any case.

Morphology, Ionic-Molecular Interaction and Ionic Conductivity Behavior of PMMA/ENR 50 Electrolytes Containing Carboxylic Acids Modified SiO2 Fillers

2019 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 419-425
Author(s):  
Mohamad Zamri Sharil Fadli ◽  
Abdul Latif Famiza ◽  
Mohd Azuan Siti Izzati Husna
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Silanol Group ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Dodecanoic Acid ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
Lithium Tetrafluoroborate ◽  
Chain Lengths

Carboxylic acids of various carbon chain lengths (Cn); i.e. butanoic acid (C4), octanoic acid (C8), dodecanoic acid (C12) and hexadecanoic acid (C16) have been used to organically modify silicon dioxide (SiO2). The acid modification involve replacing the hydrogen atom of the silanol group (Si-OH) of SiO2 with the RnCOO-of the acid via esterification technique. SiO2 and acid modified SiO2 (MoCn-SiO2) were used as filler in preparation of polymethyl methacrylate/50% epoxidized natural rubber electrolytes containing SiO2 (PEL-SiO2) and MoCn-SiO2 (PEL-MoCn-SiO2) via solvent casting method with lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) as dopant salt. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis of PEL-SiO2 and PEL-MoCn-SiO2 films show LiBF4 accumulated to the fillers. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed formation of hydrogen bonding between LiBF4 with fillers and polymers in the polymer electrolyte films. Interestingly, the ionic conductivity of PEL-MoCn-SiO2 films increases as the Cn of acids increased with the highest ionic conductivity of 5.56 x 10-7 Scm-1 was achieved in PEL-MoC12-SiO2 film.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Single and Joint Toxicity of Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids and Copper to Metal-Resistant Arthrobacter Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanping Cai ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Huilun Chen ◽  
Haiqing Li ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Growth Rate Constant ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Joint Toxicity ◽  
Perfluorinated Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Arthrobacter Strain ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Chain Lengths

Perfluorocarboxylic acid compounds (PFCAs) and copper have been regarded as ubiquitous environmental contaminants in aquatic ecosystems worldwide. However, data on their possible joint toxic effects on microorganisms are still lacking. To study the combined effects of four PFCAs with different carbon chain lengths and copper, a series of experiments were conducted to explore the acute toxicity of these PFCAs in the absence and presence of copper on a metal-resistant Arthrobacter strain GQ-9 by microcalorimetry. The thermokinetic parameters, including growth rate constant (k), inhibitory ratio (I), and half inhibitory concentration (IC50), were calculated and compared using the data obtained from the power-time curves. Our work revealed that GQ-9 is more resistant to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) than Escherichia coli. The single and joint toxicity of PFCAs with copper are dose- and carbon chain length-dependent. The longer the carbon chain length of PFCAs, the higher the toxicity. In addition, PFCAs interacted synergistically with copper. This work could provide useful information for the risk assessment of co-exposure to perfluorinated compounds and heavy metals in natural environments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document