scholarly journals Alterations in CNS Functions and DNA Methylation in Rats after 24 h Exposure to Peat Smoke

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 342
Author(s):  
Vera A. Vokina ◽  
Larisa M. Sosedova ◽  
Mikhail A. Novikov ◽  
Viktor S. Rukavishnikov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Kapustina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Natural Fire ◽  
Peat Smoke

The use of a developed experimental model of a natural fire made it possible to assess the consequences of 24 h exposure to peat combustion products in albino rats. Peat smoke exposure leads to behavioral disturbances in rats, characterized by an increase in locomotor activity and an increased level of anxiety. Indicators of brain bioelectrical activity of the exposed animals supported the state of anxiety and psychoemotional stress. Epigenetic changes in the blood cells of exposed animals were revealed under 24 h exposure to peat smoke, characterized by a decrease in the level of global DNA methylation.

scholarly journals Assessment of DNA Methylation and Oxidative Changes in the Heart and Brain of Rats Receiving a High-Fat Diet Supplemented with Various Forms of Chromium

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1470
Author(s):  
Wojciech Dworzański ◽  
Ewelina Cholewińska ◽  
Bartosz Fotschki ◽  
Jerzy Juśkiewicz ◽  
Piotr Listos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Repair Enzymes ◽  
The Brain

The aim of the study was to determine how feeding rats a high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium affects DNA methylation and oxidation reactions as well as the histology of heart and brain tissue. The rats received standard diet or high-fat diet and chromium at 0.3 mg/kg body weight (BW) in form of chromium (III) picolinate, chromium (III)-methionine, or nano-sized chromium. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), the level of global DNA methylation and the activity of selected DNA repair enzymes were determined in the blood. In the brain and heart, the content of MDA, PC, 8-OHDG, and levels of global DNA methylation were determined. The brain was subjected to histological examination. The use of a high-fat diet was found to intensify epigenetic changes and oxidation reactions in the heart and brain. It was concluded that epigenetic changes and oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA in the heart and brain of rats resulting from the use of a high-fat diet cannot be limited by supplementing the diet with chromium. It was established that the use of chromium to supplement a high-fat diet intensifies the negative epigenetic and oxidative changes in the heart and brain, especially in the case of chromium nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Hypo-methylation mediates chromosomal instability in pancreatic NET

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Marinoni ◽  
A Wiederkeher ◽  
T Wiedmer ◽  
S Pantasis ◽  
A Di Domenico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Chromosomal Instability ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Knock Down ◽  
Alternative Lengthening ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pancreatic Net ◽  
G0 Phase

DAXX and or ATRX loss occur in 40% of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). PanNETs negative for DAXX or ATRX show an increased risk of relapse. The tumor-associated pathways activated upon DAXX or ATRX loss and how this event may induce chromosomal instability (CIN) and alternative lengthening telomeres (ALT) are still unknown. Both DAXX and ATRX are involved in DNA methylation regulation. DNA methylation of heterochromatin and of non-coding sequences is extremely important for the maintenance of genomic stability. We analyzed the association of DAXX and/or ATRX loss and CIN with global DNA methylation in human PanNET samples and the effect of DAXX knock-down on methylation and cell proliferation. We assessedLINE1as well as global DNA methylation in 167 PanNETs, and we found that DAXX and or ATRX-negative tumors and tumors with CIN were hypomethylated. DAXX knock-down in PanNET cell lines blocked cells in G1/G0 phase and seemed to increase CIN in QGP-1 cells. However, no direct changes in DNA methylation were observed after DAXX knock-downin vitro. In conclusion, our data indicate that epigenetic changes are crucial steps in the progression of PanNETs loss and suggest that DNA methylation is the mechanism via which CIN is induced, allowing clonal expansion and selection.

scholarly journals Global DNA Methylation Patterns in Human Gliomas and Their Interplay with Other Epigenetic Modifications

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal J. Dabrowski ◽  
Bartosz Wojtas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Human Gliomas ◽  
Human Pathology ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Methylation Patterns ◽  
The Impact

During the last two decades, several international consortia have been established to unveil the molecular background of human cancers including gliomas. As a result, a huge outbreak of new genetic and epigenetic data appeared. It was not only shown that gliomas share some specific DNA sequence aberrations, but they also present common alterations of chromatin. Many researchers have reported specific epigenetic features, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications being involved in tumor pathobiology. Unlike mutations in DNA, epigenetic changes are more global in nature. Moreover, many studies have shown an interplay between different types of epigenetic changes. Alterations in DNA methylation in gliomas are one of the best described epigenetic changes underlying human pathology. In the following work, we present the state of knowledge about global DNA methylation patterns in gliomas and their interplay with histone modifications that may affect transcription factor binding, global gene expression and chromatin conformation. Apart from summarizing the impact of global DNA methylation on glioma pathobiology, we provide an extract of key mechanisms of DNA methylation machinery.

scholarly journals Gene Expression and Epigenetic Changes in Mice Following Inhalation of Copper(II) Oxide Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Rossner ◽  
Kristyna Vrbova ◽  
Andrea Rossnerova ◽  
Tana Zavodna ◽  
Alena Milcova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Transcriptomic Response ◽  
Collagen Formation ◽  
Cuo Nps

We investigated the transcriptomic response and epigenetic changes in the lungs of mice exposed to inhalation of copper(II) oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) (8 × 105 NPs/m3) for periods of 3 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months. A whole genome transcriptome and miRNA analysis was performed using next generation sequencing. Global DNA methylation was assessed by ELISA. The inhalation resulted in the deregulation of mRNA transcripts: we detected 170, 590, 534, and 1551 differentially expressed transcripts after 3 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months of inhalation, respectively. Biological processes and pathways affected by inhalation, differed between 3 days exposure (collagen formation) and longer treatments (immune response). Periods of two weeks exposure further induced apoptotic processes, 6 weeks of inhalation affected the cell cycle, and 3 months of treatment impacted the processes related to cell adhesion. The expression of miRNA was not affected by 3 days of inhalation. Prolonged exposure periods modified miRNA levels, although the numbers were relatively low (17, 18, and 38 miRNAs, for periods of 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months, respectively). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis based on miRNA–mRNA interactions, revealed the deregulation of processes implicated in the immune response and carcinogenesis. Global DNA methylation was not significantly affected in any of the exposure periods. In summary, the inhalation of CuO NPs impacted on both mRNA and miRNA expression. A significant transcriptomic response was already observed after 3 days of exposure. The affected biological processes and pathways indicated the negative impacts on the immune system and potential role in carcinogenesis.

A simple Dot Blot Assay for population scale screening of DNA methylation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelia Luviano ◽  
Sayuri Diaz-Palma ◽  
Céline Cosseau ◽  
Christoph Grunau
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Rule ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dot Blot Assay ◽  
Experimental Populations

AbstractThe study of epigenetic changes in natural and experimental populations has increased the need to find a cost-effective and high throughput method to analyze multiple samples to effectuate a population-wide screening to study epigenetic changes triggered by biotic or abiotic stress. One of the most studied epigenetic marks is global DNA methylation, its measurement is used as a first step to differentiate methylation between individuals. There is a wide range of methods designed to detect genome-wide 5 methyl-cytosine (5mC) that differ in sensitivity, price, level of expertise required, but as a general rule, require large amounts of DNA and are relatively expensive. This is a limit for the analysis of 5mC in a large number of individuals as a prerequisite to population-wide testing of methylation markers. In this work, we evaluated a method based on antibody recognition of 5mC to measure the DNA methylation level of individuals of the species Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of schistosomiases, a neglected tropical disease. We validated the method to complete a large screening in the genome of B. glabrata snails treated with a chemical inhibitor of DNA methylation; however, the method can be applied to any species containing 5mC. The dot blot assay is a suitable method to perform a large-scale screening of global DNA methylation to compare 5mC levels between individuals from different natural or experimental populations. The dot blot method compares favorably with methods with an equivalent sensitivity such as the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit since it requires a smaller amount of DNA (30 ng) is less expensive and allows many more samples to be analyzed.

scholarly journals DNA Damage in the Tissues of White Rats Exposed to Wildfire Smoke

2021 ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kapustina ◽  
◽  
Vera Vokina ◽  
Elizaveta Andreeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Fire Smoke

Wildfire smoke affects the health of the population of the entire planet and each year the situation is getting worse. Fire smoke has mutagenic, carcinogenic and other long-term effects. The aim of this paper was to study the genotoxic effect of wildfire smoke on male white rats and the transgenerational effect of wildfire smoke on their offspring. Smoke exposure simulation was performed on 40 male white rats in 200-litre exposure chambers. Forest litter, branches, fallen bark, and the upper layer of soil served as a combustible substrate. The exposure was carried out for 4 hours 5 days a week in the course of 4 weeks. Offspring of both sexes were obtained from the exposed animals and intact females. We analysed DNA fragmentation and global DNA methylation in the gonadal tissue and blood cells of the exposed animals immediately after the exposure and global DNA methylation in the blood cells of the offspring upon reaching sexual maturity. The research was performed using the comet assay with modifications to study global DNA methylation with MspI and HpaII restriction enzymes. The exposed animals showed an increased level of global DNA methylation in their blood cells. In male offspring, a decrease in the level of global DNA methylation in the blood cells was revealed, compared with the controls, while females showed no differences from the controls. The established facts of changes in global DNA methylation after exposure to wildfire smoke require further in-depth research, since the mechanism of the development of this phenomenon remains rather unclear.

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