scholarly journals Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Luigi Ceci ◽  
Flavia Girolami ◽  
Maria Teresa Capucchio ◽  
Elena Colombino ◽  
Carlo Nebbia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Cardiac Muscle Fibers ◽  
First Time ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

Oleander is a spontaneous shrub widely occurring in Mediterranean regions. Poisoning is sporadically reported in livestock, mainly due to the ingestion of leaves containing toxic cardiac glycosides (primarily oleandrin). In this study, 50 lactating Fleckvieh cows were affected after being offered a diet containing dry oleander pruning wastes accidentally mixed with fodder. Clinical examination, electrocardiogram, and blood sampling were conducted. Dead animals were necropsied, and heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were submitted to histological investigation. Oleandrin detection was performed through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in blood, serum, liver, heart, milk, and cheese samples. Severe depression, anorexia, ruminal atony, diarrhea, serous nasal discharge, tachycardia, and irregular heartbeat were the most common clinical signs. The first animal died within 48 h, and a total of 13 cows died in 4 days. Disseminated hyperemia and hemorrhages, multifocal coagulative necrosis of the cardiac muscle fibers, and severe and diffuse enteritis were suggestive of oleander poisoning. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of oleandrin in serum, liver, heart, milk, and cheese. Our results confirm the high toxicity of oleander in cattle and report for the first time the transfer into milk and dairy products, suggesting a potential risk for the consumers.

scholarly journals Isotopic Labeling of Red Cabbage Anthocyanins with Atmospheric 13CO2

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Charron ◽  
Steven J. Britz ◽  
Roman M. Mirecki ◽  
Dawn J. Harrison ◽  
Beverly A. Clevidence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Isotopic Labeling ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mass Shifts

Isotopic labeling of plants provides a unique opportunity for understanding metabolic processes. A significant challenge of isotopic labeling during plant growth is that isotopes must be administered without disrupting plant development and at sufficient levels for mass spectral analysis. We describe a system for isotopic labeling of leafy vegetables with 13C and demonstrate successful incorporation of 13C into anthocyanins of preheading red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata L.). ‘Super Red’ red cabbage seedlings were grown for 34 days in an airtight acrylic labeling chamber supplied with 13CO2 to maintain 400 μL·L−1. Nutrient solution was delivered hydroponically without allowing infusion of natural CO2 into the labeling chamber. Plants were initially grown at 22 °C ± 1 °C in constant light of 228 μmol·m−2·s−1. Upon canopy closure, anthocyanin development was promoted by reducing the nutrient solution concentration and reducing the temperature to 10.5 °C ± 1.5 °C. Total shoot fresh weight (FW) was 1556 g and root FW was 491 g at harvest. Analysis of red cabbage shoot tissue by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of 37 anthocyanins, of which 14 are reported here for the first time. Mass shifts representing 13C incorporation into anthocyanins were evident in mass spectra of anthocyanins from labeled tissue and demonstrate successful isotopic labeling.

Multi-residue determination of micropollutants in Nigerian fish from Lagos lagoon using ultrasound assisted extraction, solid phase extraction and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 2114-2122
Author(s):  
Idera Fabunmi ◽  
Natalie Sims ◽  
Kathryn Proctor ◽  
Aderonke Oyeyiola ◽  
Temilola Oluseyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Residue Determination ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Lagos Lagoon ◽  
First Time

This reports for the first time a simple and robust approach in determining pharmaceuticals in different fish species in Nigeria.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tanreqing Injection on the Pharmacokinetics of Sirolimus in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Jianxiu Zhai ◽  
Tianyi Xia ◽  
Wei Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Matrix Effects ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
The Stability ◽  
First Time

To evaluate the effect of Tanreqing injection on the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus in rats, a high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for sirolimus assay in whole blood. Calibration curve of sirolimus was acquired over a concentration ranging from 2.5 to 100 ng/mL with r2= 0.9955. The matrix effects and extraction recoveries of sirolimus ranged from 144% to 152% and from 80% to 96%, respectively. The inter- and intraday relative standard deviations were both <10%. The stability investigation showed that the blood samples were stable for 30-day-storage at -20°C, for 8 h storage at room temperature, for 24 h storage in the auto-sampler at 4°C, and for three freeze-thaw cycle process. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the Cmax, AUC, and AUMC of sirolimus in rats (7.5 mg/kg, i.g.) were increased after beincoadministration with Tanreqing Injection at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mL/kg (i.v.), respectively, or at 5 min, 2 h, and 4 h (5.0 mL/kg, i.v.) after SRL dosing, respectively. For the first time, the results proved the herb-drug interaction between Tanreqing Injection and sirolimus and accordingly suggested avoiding concurrent reception of those two drugs for patients.

scholarly journals First Detection of Tetrodotoxins in the Cotylean Flatworm Prosthiostomum trilineatum

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Rei Suo ◽  
Maho Kashitani ◽  
Hikaru Oyama ◽  
Masaatsu Adachi ◽  
Ryota Nakahigashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

Several polyclad flatworm species are known to contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX), but currently TTX-bearing flatworms seem to be restricted to specific Planocera lineages belonging to the suborder Acotylea. During our ongoing study of flatworm toxins, high concentrations of TTXs were detected for the first time in the flatworm Prosthiostomum trilineatum, suborder Cotylea, from the coastal area of Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. Toxin levels were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), revealing that this species contains comparable concentrations of toxins as seen in planocerid flatworms such as Planocera multitentaculata. This finding indicated that there may be other species with significant levels of TTXs. The distribution of TTXs among other flatworm species is thus of great interest.

scholarly journals Bacteria isolated from the lower respiratory tract of sheep and their relationship to clinical signs of sheep respiratory disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 796-801
Author(s):  
Mariane F. Franco ◽  
Natália C. Gaeta ◽  
Mario A.R. Alemán ◽  
Priscilla A. Mellville ◽  
Jorge Timenetsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Specific Detection ◽  
First Time ◽  
Male Sheep

ABSTRACT: Respiratory diseases are among the most important diseases in sheep flocks. Herein was studied the bacterial etiology of respiratory disease and the clinical signs of 99 female and male sheep breed in the states of São Paulo (SP) and Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. After physical examination of animals, tracheobronchial flushing samples were obtained. The usual bacteria and Mycoplasma spp. were searched, as well as their association with the clinical status and clinical signs of sheep with respiratory disease. The main observed signs were: tachypnea (75%), increase of rectal temperature (09.4%), mucopurulent/purulent nasal discharge (21.9%), cough (25%), dyspnea (31.2%), changes of lung sounds at auscultation (87.5%) and chest percussion (28.1%) in pneumonic sheep. Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria and Bacillus sp. were the most isolated bacteria. Microorganisms of the Mollicutes class were molecularly (PCR) detected in 33.3% of the animals. In addition, the specific detection of M. mycoides subsp. capri was described for the first time in sheep from the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Rapid profiling and simultaneous determination of 12 major alkaloids in Nauclea officinalis by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghou Wang ◽  
Hongjin Wang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Ziwei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tof Ms

For the first time, we determined the phytochemical profile of alkaloids from N. officinalis by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). A rapid, specific, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass...

scholarly journals Fatal intoxication with U-47700 in combination with other NPS (N-ethylhexedrone, adinazolam, 4-CIC, 4-CMC) confirmed by identification and quantification in autopsy specimens and evidences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Nowak ◽  
Paweł Szpot ◽  
Marcin Zawadzki
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Fatal Intoxication ◽  
Validation Criteria ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Autopsy Specimens ◽  
First Time ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Abstract Purpose We present a case of fatal intoxication with U-47700 in combination with other NPS (N-ethylhexedrone, adinazolam, 4-chloro-N-isopropylcathinone (4-CIC), 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) and sertraline) confirmed by identification and quantification in biological materials and evidences found at the scene in 2017 in Poland. Methods Blood and urine samples were extracted with ethyl acetate from alkaline medium (pH 9); powders/crystals were diluted with methanol. The analysis was carried out using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Validation criteria were evaluated for blood and urine at the concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/mL. Results The validation parameters of the method were within acceptable ranges. In the presented case, the determined concentrations of drugs were as follows, in blood: U-47700, 1470 ng/mL; N-ethylhexedrone, 58 ng/mL; adinazolam, 18 ng/mL; 4-CIC, 8.0 ng/mL; 4-CMC, 1.7 ng/mL; in urine: U-47700, 3940 ng/mL; N-ethylhexedrone, 147 ng/mL; adinazolam, 82 ng/mL; 4-CIC, 130 ng/mL; 4-CMC, 417 ng/mL. Sertraline (blood, 89 ng/mL; urine, 32 ng/mL) was also determined in both materials. The same substances were also found in 5 powders/crystals: U-47700 (12% by weight), N-ethylhexedrone (54%), adinazolam (14%), 4-CIC (23%), 4-CMC (26%). After 775 days of storage, biological samples at + 4 °C, the most stable substance was sertraline and the less, synthetic cathinones, especially 4-CIC and 4-CMC. Conclusions The described case of fatal intoxication with NPS presented postmortem concentrations of U-47700, 4-CMC, N-ethylhexedrone, adinazolam and 4-CIC for the first time in the literature. The paper also showed stability study of these substances stored at + 4 °C for 775 days.

scholarly journals Peptidomic Changes in The Milk of Water Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) With Intramammary Infection By Non-Aureus Staphylococci

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Filippa Addis ◽  
Elisa Margherita Maffioli ◽  
Martina Penati ◽  
Mariangela Albertini ◽  
Valerio Bronzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Mastitis by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) is a significant issue in dairy buffalo farming. In a herd with subclinical NAS mastitis, we identified Staphylococcus microti as the predominant species. To assess milk protein integrity and investigate potential disease markers, we characterized 12 NAS-positive and 12 healthy quarter milk samples by shotgun peptidomics combining peptide enrichment and high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We observed significant changes in the milk peptidome. Out of 789 total peptides identified in each group, 49 and 44 were unique or increased in NAS-positive and healthy milk, respectively. In NAS-positive milk, the differential peptides belonged mainly to caseins, followed by milk fat globule membrane proteins (MFGMP) and by the immune defense/antimicrobial proteins osteopontin, lactoperoxidase, and serum amyloid A. In healthy milk, these belonged mainly to MFGMP, followed by caseins. In terms of abundance, peptides from MFGMP and immune defense protein were higher in NAS-positive milk, while peptides from caseins were higher in healthy milk. These findings highlight the impact of NAS on buffalo milk quality and mammary gland health, even when clinical signs are not evident, and underscore the need for clarifying the epidemiology and relevance of the different NAS species in this dairy ruminant.

scholarly journals Profiling of Phytochemicals in Tissues from Sclerocarya birrea by HPLC-MS and Their Link with Antioxidant Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Russo ◽  
Owen Kenny ◽  
Thomas J. Smyth ◽  
Luigi Milella ◽  
Mohammad B. Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Sclerocarya Birrea ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
First Time

High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was employed to investigate the differences in phytochemicals in roots, bark, and leaf of Sclerocarya birrea (marula) for methanol and water extracts that exhibited the best antioxidant activities. As many as 36 compounds were observed in the extracts of these tissues of which 27 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified. The HPLC-MS/MS results showed flavonoid glycosides were prominent in leaf extracts while the galloylated tannins were largely in bark and root extracts. Four flavonoid glycosides that were reported for the first time in the marula leaf have been identified. The HPLC-MS/MS studies also illustrated different degrees (highest degree = 3) of oligomerisation and galloylation of tannins in the bark and root extracts.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profiling of Coryphantha macromeris (Cactaceae) Growing in Greenhouse Conditions Using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Cabañas-García ◽  
Carlos Areche ◽  
Juan Jáuregui-Rincón ◽  
Francisco Cruz-Sosa ◽  
Eugenio Pérez-Molphe Balch
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
First Time ◽  
Orbitrap Ms

Chromatographic separation combined with mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the characterization of plant metabolites because of its high sensitivity and selectivity. In this work, the phytochemical profile of aerial and radicular parts of Coryphantha macromeris (Engelm.) Britton & Rose growing under greenhouse conditions was qualitatively investigated for the first time by means of modern ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS). The UHPLC-PDA-HESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS analysis indicated a high complexity in phenolic metabolites. In our investigation, 69 compounds were detected and 60 of them were identified. Among detected compounds, several phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, and organic acids were found. Within this diversity, 26 metabolites were exclusively detected in the aerial part, and 19 in the roots. Twenty-four metabolites occurred in both plant parts. According to the relative abundance of peaks in the chromatogram, ferulic and piscidic acids and their derivatives may correspond to one of the main phenolic compounds of C. macromeris. Our results contribute to the phytochemical knowledge regarding C. macromeris and its potential applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Besides, some metabolites and their fragmentation patterns are reported here for the first time for cacti species.

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