scholarly journals The Effects of Mixed Fusarium Mycotoxins at EU-Permitted Feed Levels on Weaned Piglets’ Tissue Lipids

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Omeralfaroug Ali ◽  
Miklós Mézes ◽  
Krisztián Balogh ◽  
Melinda Kovács ◽  
András Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cellular Membrane ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Tissue Lipids ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

At exactly the individual permitted EU-tolerance dietary limits, fumonisins (FB: 5 mg/kg diet) and mixed fusariotoxins (DZ: 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet, and FDZ: 5 mg fumonisins + 0.9 mg deoxynivalenol + 0.1 mg zearalenone/kg diet) were administered to piglets (n = 6/group) for three weeks. Bodyweights of intoxicated piglets increased, while feed conversion ratios decreased. In FDZ, both the absolute and relative weight of the liver decreased. In the renal-cellular membrane, the most pronounced alterations were in FDZ treatment, followed by individual FB exposure. In both treatments, high proportions of C20:0 and C22:0 with low fatty acid (FA) unsaturation were found. In hepatocyte phospholipids, FDZ toxins exerted antagonistic interactions, and FB had the strongest increasing effect on FA monounsaturation. Among all investigated organs, the spleen lipids were the least responsive, in which FDZ expressed synergistic reactions on C20:0 (↑ FDZ vs. FB) and C22:0 (↓ FDZ vs. DZ). The antioxidant defense of the kidney was depleted (↓ glutathione concentration by FB-exposure). Blood plasma indicated renal injury (profound increase of urea and creatinine in FB vs. DZ and FDZ). FB strongly increased total-cholesterol and low density lipoprotein concentrations, whereas FDZ synergistically increased gamma-glutamyltransferase, alkaline-phosphatase, calcium and phosphorus levels. Summarized, individual and combined multiple fusariotoxins modified the membrane lipid profile and antioxidant defense of splanchnic organs, and serum biochemicals, without retarding growth in piglets.

Effect of dietary probiotic, antibiotic or combination on broiler performance, cecum microbial population and ileal development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Ahmed Elbaz ◽  
Said El-sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Performance

Objective: To investigate the effect of antibiotics and/or probiotics on broiler performance, some serum metabolites, cecum microflora composition, and ileum histomorphology under the Egyptian conditions. Design: Randomized controlled experimental study. Animals: Two hundred forty 1-day-old Ross (308) chicks were reared till 35 days of age. Procedures: The birds were randomly allocated into four main groups: a control diet without additives (CON); probiotic (Lactobacillus acidophilus) supplemented diet (PRO); antibiotic (Avilamycin) supplemented diet (ANT) and a mix group (AP) that received antibiotic in the diet form 1 to 4 days of age and treated during the rest of the experimental period with probiotics. Results: Chickens fed on probiotic or antibiotic diets had linear improvement in live body weight (LBW) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group, while the best LBW and FCR were in the AP group. An improvement in the nutrient digestibility was observed in the probiotic added groups (PRO and AP). Serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents decreased when antimicrobial (probiotic or antibiotic) supplementations were used, while there was an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents, serum total protein, and albumin levels. Among all groups, cecum Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia coli counts decreased; however, there was an increase in Lactobacillus count compared to the control group. In probiotic supplemented groups (PRO and AP), a significant (P<0.05) improvement in ilea architecture. Conclusion and clinical relevance: Using probiotic after initial treatment with an antibiotic in broiler diets had a positive effect on broiler growth performance, gut health (improved cecum microbial populations and ileum histomorphology), and nutrient digestibility.

scholarly journals Application of a New Processing Method to Post-LDL-apheresis Data

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Corsini ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero ◽  
Antonia Giannuzzi ◽  
Antonio Gaddi
Keyword(s):  
Relative Error ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Ldl Apheresis ◽  
Theoretical Function ◽  
New Processing ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Estimate Standard Error

Our aim was to elaborate a method to optimise treatment intervals for the individual low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-apheresis treated patients. After each treatment, plasma LDL concentrations show a time-related increase with a decreasing speed until a maximum level.We searched to interpret the post-LDL-apheresis experimental data trend as the physical process that produces the observed curve, so that the fitting presupposed theoretical function is a direct consequence of the physic process, because to establish the better time. Applying the proposed fitting method to a succession of 15 samples obtained from the mean of six plasmapheresis executed on five different subjects, small estimate standard error (5 mg/dl) and relative error (1.7%) with a dispersion evidently related to the experimental error were observed. Obviously, applying the same method to a single case, the dispersion is more marked (relative error <5%), with a SE of 10-13 mg/dl, even though the aspect of a casual phenomenon is conserved. Our physical interpretation appears to be a practical model to predict the LDL-rebound kinetic of the single patient.

scholarly journals Scavenger receptors: a key player in cardiovascular diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Z. Ashraf ◽  
Anita Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Membrane Glycoproteins ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe scavenger receptor (SR) super family consists of integral membrane glycoproteins that are involved in recognition of polyanionic structures of either endogenous (e.g., oxidized low-density lipoprotein) or exogenous (e.g., bacterial lipopolysaccharides) origin. SRs are structurally diverse and can be classified into seven different classes (A–G) based on the multidomain structure of the individual members. SRs are present on various types of tissues, such as vascular, adipose, and steroidogenic tissues. In addition to modified lipoprotein uptake, these proteins are also known to regulate apoptotic cell clearance, initiate signal transduction, and serve as pattern recognition receptors for pathogens. Different SRs are involved in many physiological and pathological processes; more importantly, the function of SRs is highly implicated in the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic plaque. Targeting the SR gene products that mediate the response to and uptake of modified lipids holds great promise in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Inhibition of SR expression using a combined gene therapy and RNA interference strategy also appears to be an option for long-term therapy. The present review focuses on the involvement of SRs in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the role of SRs is not restricted to vascular lesions; it is also implicated in a number of different cellular functions.

scholarly journals Triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: A prospective analysis in 11,560 adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 1617-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Joshi ◽  
S Goya Wannamethee ◽  
Jorgen Engmann ◽  
Tom Gaunt ◽  
Deborah A Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual

Aims Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease; however, there is uncertainty about the role of total triglycerides and the individual triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions. We measured 14 triglyceride-containing lipoprotein sub-fractions using nuclear magnetic resonance and examined associations with coronary heart disease and stroke. Methods Triglyceride-containing sub-fraction measures were available in 11,560 participants from the three UK cohorts free of coronary heart disease and stroke at baseline. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the association of each sub-fraction with coronary heart disease and stroke expressed as the odds ratio per standard deviation increment in the corresponding measure. Results The 14 triglyceride-containing sub-fractions were positively correlated with one another and with total triglycerides, and inversely correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Thirteen sub-fractions were positively associated with coronary heart disease (odds ratio in the range 1.12 to 1.22), with the effect estimates for coronary heart disease being comparable in subgroup analysis of participants with and without type 2 diabetes, and were attenuated after adjustment for HDL-C and LDL-C. There was no evidence for a clear association of any triglyceride lipoprotein sub-fraction with stroke. Conclusions Triglyceride sub-fractions are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease but not stroke, with attenuation of effects on adjustment for HDL-C and LDL-C.

Biological variability of cholesterol, triglyceride, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoproteins A-I and B

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M Marcovina ◽  
V P Gaur ◽  
J J Albers
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Biological Variability ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Biological variability is a major contributor to the inaccuracy of cardiovascular risk assessments based on measurement of lipids, lipoproteins, or apolipoproteins. We obtained estimates of biological variation (CVb) for 20 healthy adults and calculated the percentiles of CVb as an expression of the variability of CVb among individuals for cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I, apo B, and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] by four biweekly measurements of these analytes. The CVb for the group was approximately 6-7% for cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, apo A-I, and apo B; approximately 9% for LDL cholesterol; and 28% for triglyceride. However, for each analyte, there was a considerable variation of CVb among individuals. For all analytes except Lp(a), there was no relation between the individual's CVb and the analyte concentration. Lp(a) was inversely related to CVb, and there was a very wide variation in the CVb for Lp(a) among the participants, ranging from 1% to 51%. The number of independent analyses to perform to accurately assess an individual's risk for coronary artery disease should be determined on the basis of the individual CVb for a given analyte rather than the average CVb.

scholarly journals A Cellular Receptor of Human Rhinovirus Type 2, the Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor, Binds to Two Neighboring Proteins of the Viral Capsid

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
pp. 8504-8511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Neumann ◽  
Rosita Moser ◽  
Luc Snyers ◽  
Dieter Blaas ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hewat
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
The North ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Viral Protein 1

ABSTRACT The very-low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDL-R) is a receptor for the minor-group human rhinoviruses (HRVs). Only two of the eight binding repeats of the VLDL-R bind to HRV2, and their footprints describe an annulus on the dome at each fivefold axis. By studying the complex formed between a selection of soluble fragments of the VLDL-R and HRV2, we demonstrate that it is the second and third repeats that bind. We also show that artificial concatemers of the same repeat can bind to HRV2 with the same footprint as that for the native receptor. In a 16-Å-resolution cryoelectron microscopy map of HRV2 in complex with the VLDL-R, the individual repeats are defined. The third repeat is strongly bound to charged and polar residues of the HI and BC loops of viral protein 1 (VP1), while the second repeat is more weakly bound to the neighboring VP1. The footprint of the strongly bound third repeat extends down the north side of the canyon. Since the receptor molecule can bind to two adjacent copies of VP1, we suggest that the bound receptor “staples” the VP1s together and must be detached before release of the RNA can occur. When the receptor is bound to neighboring sites on HRV2, steric hindrance prevents binding of the second repeat.

Use of serum cholesterol/triglyceride ratio to discern for which individuals the Friedewald formula can be used confidently

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M González Estrada ◽  
C R Rodríguez Ferrer ◽  
I R Astarloa ◽  
E M Lahera
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Serum Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Friedewald Formula ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Low Serum

Abstract The values of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol obtained according to the Friedewald formula (Clin Chem 1972; 18:499-502), or by the De Long transformation (J Am Med Assoc 1986;256:2372-7), were compared with the values obtained when the individual cholesterol/triglyceride ratio of very-low-density lipoprotein was used for estimating the contribution of this lipoprotein to the total cholesterol. We found that these formulas gave the greatest errors for individuals with a low serum cholesterol/triglyceride ratio. We propose criteria for deciding when the numerically calculated value of low-density cholesterol is appropriate, and when it is not.

scholarly journals Performance characteristics, plasma lipids and copper residue in organs and tissues of cockerel chickens fed dietary organic and inorganic copper

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
A. V. Jegede ◽  
O. O. Oduguwa ◽  
A. O. Fafiolu ◽  
O. O. Ibitoye ◽  
I. A. Ogunsola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Treatments

A 112-day study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary organic (Copper proteinate) and inorganic (Copper sulphate) Cu source on growth performance, plasma lipids and copper residue in organs and tissues of cockerel chickens. 240 day-old commercial Black-Harco cockerel chicks were randomly distributed to 6 dietary treatments of 40 birds each. Each treatment group was randomly allocated to 4 replicates of 10 birds each. The diets were formulated to contain a basal diet (containing 30.62 and 29.71 mg/kg Cu for starter and finisher phases respectively) supplemented with organic Cu (Cu proteinate; Cu-P) or inorganic Cu (Cu sulphate; CuSO ) fed at 3 dietary levels (50, 100 and 4 150 mg/kg). The birds were fed chicks mash and grower mash at 1-56 days and 57-112 days respectively in a deep litter pen at floor space of 0.06 m2/bird. Cu-P supplementation resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) final live weight (FLW) and total weight gain (TWG) compared to CuSO at starter phase. Better feed conversion ratio was noticed in birds fed 4 Cu-P supplemented diets compared to CuSO at 150mg/kg Cu concentration at both starter 4 and finisher phases. Birds fed 150 mg/kg Cu recorded the highest (P<0.05) feed intake value at starter phase. There was significantly higher (P<0.05) accumulation of Cu in the blood, heart, lung, liver and thigh of birds fed Cu-P than those fed CuSO . The liver Cu 4 concentration increased as dietary Cu concentration increased. Cu-P supplementation resulted in significant reduction (P<0.05) in plasma cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and triglyceride in comparison to CuSO . The blood 4 cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride decreased with increased copper concentration. Organic form of copper promotes growth, more bioavailable and more effective in reducing cholesterol than copper sulphate.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF EXTRACTED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS SUBSTITUTION ON SOME POST CRYOPRESERVATION SEMEN QUALITY OF HOLSTEIN BULLS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Ani & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Sperm Plasma Membrane ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of replacement of low density Lipoproteins (LDL) in different concentrations  ,exctracted fram egg yolk in the Tris diluents of the Holestion Freizan bulls semen after cooling and different cryopreservation periods . This study was done during the period From September/2014 to March/2015 and a two parts periods . First from September to November /2014 to done the extraction of the low density Lipoprotein which it have be succifully  done at the viruses Laportary  which belonge to the diagnosis department /state Board of the plant protection /Ministry of Agriclturd (Abu_Gruiab/west of Baghdad).The LDL extraction was done by a procedure with different steps from fresh egg Yolk and the packeges were done after that and preservie it at Refregartor( 5c ,one week only) until used . The second period was began from December/2014 to March/2015 At the Artificial insemination Department /Abu_Gruab which belonge to the General company of the Animal Resources Department services/Ministry of Agricultural (25 Km west of Baghdad ). Four Freigan Bulls at 3_3.5 year old were used to collection the semen (1 eijaculate / bull / week) by artificial vagina . 1 millelitter of semen from each bull was taken and make pooling . Egg yolks was  added 20% to the control group it is substituted for the rest of the Low density lipoproteins and different concentrations , amounting to (8% LDL and 10% LDL and 12% LDL). And study the effect of these additions in recipes semen during different periods of Save (cooling 5c) and freeze after(48 hours and one month and two months and three months) .The results of the study reveled that the 8% LDL treatment (T1) group have a significant effect (p≤0.05) on the individual motility ,sperm plasma membrane and acrosome integrity in comparable with the control group at different  periods of the preservation.

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