scholarly journals Evaluation of ELISA-Based Multiplex Peptides for the Detection of Human Serum Antibodies Induced by Zika Virus Infection across Various Countries

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Maria del Pilar Martinez Viedma ◽  
Stephen Panossian ◽  
Kennedy Gifford ◽  
Kimberly García ◽  
Isis Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne Flavivirus with a positive-sense RNA genome, which are generally transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. ZIKV infections could be associated with neurological sequelae that, and otherwise produces similar clinical symptoms as other co-circulating pathogens. Past infection with one member of the Flavivirus genus often induces cross-reactive antibodies against other flaviruses. These attributes complicate the ability to differentially diagnose ZIKV infection from other endemic mosquito-borne viruses, making it both a public health issue as well as a diagnostic challenge. We report the results from serological analyses using arbovirus-specific peptides on 339 samples that were previously collected from 6 countries. Overall, we found that our multiplexed peptide-based ELISA was highly efficient for identifying ZIKV antibodies as early as 2 weeks post infection, and that it correlates with microneutralization, plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) and commercial tests for ZIKV in previously characterized samples. We observed that seropositivity varied by patient cohort, reflecting the sampling period in relation to the 2015–2016 ZIKV outbreak. This work evaluates the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity of our peptide-based ELISA method for detecting ZIKV antibodies from geographically diverse regions. These findings can contribute to ongoing serological methods development and can be adapted for use in future studies.

Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Acute Zika Virus Infections in León, Nicaragua

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Bowman ◽  
Filemón Bucardo ◽  
Matthew H. Collins ◽  
Yaoska Reyes ◽  
Edwing Centeno Cuadra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Laboratory Findings

The American Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has highlighted the need to gain a better understanding of this emerging virus. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and risk factors for symptomatic ZIKV infection in an area with ongoing transmission of other arboviral infections. We recruited patients at least 2 years of age seeking care at public health centers in León, Nicaragua, between January 2016 and August 2017, for fever, maculopapular rash, and/or nonsuppurative conjunctivitis with a duration of less than 1 week. A laboratory diagnosis of ZIKV was established using a combination of molecular and serological tests. Clinical and laboratory findings and potential risk factors were compared between participants with and without acute ZIKV infection. Fifty-eight (26%) of the 225 participants included in the analysis were found to have acute ZIKV infection. Pregnancy and reports of previous arboviral infection were associated with a higher risk of ZIKV infection. Rash, conjunctivitis, sore throat, and lower absolute neutrophil counts were associated with acute ZIKV infection. The clinical characteristics and risk factors identified were consistent with those identified by previous studies; however, we found sore throat to be a feature of ZIKV infection. We also found that neutrophil counts were lower in ZIKV-infected subjects. These clinical symptoms and laboratory data may help clinicians suspect ZIKV infection during future outbreaks.

scholarly journals Current Progress in the Development of Zika Virus Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1004
Author(s):  
Kehui Zhou ◽  
Chaoqun Li ◽  
Wen Shi ◽  
Xiaodan Hu ◽  
Kutty Selva Nandakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccines ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus first discovered in the Americas. ZIKV infection is insidious based on its mild clinical symptoms observed after infection. In Brazil, after 2015, ZIKV infection broke out on a large scale, and many infected pregnant women gave birth to babies with microcephaly. The teratogenic effects of the virus on the fetus and its effects on nerves and the immune system have attracted great attention. Currently, no specific prophylactics or therapeutics are clinically available to treat ZIKV infection. Development of a safe and effective vaccine is essential to prevent the rise of any potential pandemic. In this review, we summarize the latest research on Zika vaccine development based on different strategies, including DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, virus-vector-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, virus-like particles (VLPs), mRNA-based vaccines, and others. We anticipate that this review will facilitate further progress toward the development of effective and safe vaccines against ZIKV infection.

scholarly journals Zika virus infection from a newborn point of view. TORCH or TORZiCH?

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Tahotná ◽  
Jana Brucknerová ◽  
Ingrid Brucknerová
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome ◽  
The Media

Abstract Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the group of viruses called arboviruses. Congenital Zika syndrome is a new disease with infectious teratogenic aetiology. The clinical symptoms are divided into morphological and functional. Most severe complication is the foetal brain disruption sequence that includes severe microcephaly, anomalies of the eyes and congenital contractions of joints. The aim of this paper was to review available facts about Zika virus infection from a newborn point of view in a form of the summary of all important information. Zika virus infection is a problem of past, present and future. Epidemics may occur because of global climate changes, also in countries where natural conditions for life of mosquitos are not present. This clearly indicates the need to continue developing of vaccines and specific antiviral drugs. Until this happens, we must adhere individual preventive measures. Zika virus has proven to us how it can affect the health of adults and neonates but also thinking of healthy people. Newborns with microcephaly on the front pages of the media caused in 2015 panic and fear around the world – for this reason education of people is necessary. Due to serious congenital disorders associated with ZIKV infection and global impact of virus we suggest modifying old acronym TORCH for new TORZiCH to accent the position of Zika virus.

scholarly journals Role of Gas6, TAM receptors ligand, in the pathogenesis of Zika virus infection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Cristina S. Monteiro ◽  
João Luiz da Silva Filho ◽  
Jose Luiz Proença Modena ◽  
Fabio T. M. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Tam Receptors ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Zika virus (ZIKV) represents a public health challenge to Brazil and the rest of the world, especially because ZIKV infection has been linked to neurological sequelae, such as congenital fetal syndrome. Here, we aim to verify the role of Gas6 in the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection, by evaluating the expression of Gas6 and TAM receptors in patients infected by the virus with different degrees of disease severity, and infection of different human cells in vitro.

scholarly journals A susceptible mouse model for Zika virus infection

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart D Dowall ◽  
Victoria A Graham ◽  
Emma Rayner ◽  
Barry Atkinson ◽  
Graham Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Type I ◽  
Susceptible Mouse ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Histological Changes

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen which has recently spread beyond Africa and into Pacific and South American regions. Despite first being detected in 1947, very little information is known about the virus and its spread has been associated with increases in Guillain-Barre syndrome and microcephaly. There are currently no known vaccines or antivirals against ZIKV infection. Progress in assessing interventions will require the development of animal models to test efficacies; however, there are only limited reports on in vivo studies. The only susceptible murine models have involved intracerebral inoculations or juvenile animals, which do not replicate natural infection. Our report has studied the effect of ZIKV infection in type-I interferon receptor deficient (A129) mice and the parent strain (129Sv/Ev) after subcutaneous challenge in the lower leg to mimic a mosquito bite. A129 mice developed severe symptoms with viral RNA being detected widespread in the blood, brain, spleen, liver and ovaries. Histological changes were also striking in these animals. 129Sv/Ev mice developed no clinical symptoms or histological changes, despite viral RNA being detectable in the blood, spleen and ovaries, albeit at lower levels to those seen in A129 mice. Our results identify A129 mice as being highly susceptible to ZIKV and thus a suitable small animal model for the testing of vaccines and antivirals which are urgently required.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Two Serological Assays for Diagnosing Zika Virus Infection

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696
Author(s):  
Steev Loyola ◽  
Alfredo Huaman ◽  
Dina Popuche ◽  
Elizabeth Castillo ◽  
Julia S. Ampuero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Paired Serum

Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged and spread rapidly in South American countries during 2015. Efforts to diagnose ZIKV infection using serological tools were challenging in dengue-endemic areas because of antigenic similarities between both viruses. Here, we assessed the performance of an in-house developed IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) and the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) to diagnose ZIKV infection. Acute and convalescent paired serum samples from 51 patients who presented with clinical symptoms suggestive of an arbovirus illness in dengue-endemic areas of Honduras, Venezuela, Colombia and Peru were used in the assessment. Samples were tested for ZIKV, dengue and chikungunya virus using a variety of laboratory techniques. The results for the ZIKV-RNA screening and seroconversion detected by the microneutralization test were used to construct a composite reference standard. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the MAC-ELISA were 93.5% and 100.0%, respectively. Contrastingly, the overall sensitivity and specificity for the PRNT were 96.8% and 95.0%, respectively. Restricting the analysis according to IgM or neutralizing antibodies against dengue, the performances of both serological assays were adequate. The findings of this study reveal that the MAC-ELISA and PRNT would provide initial reliable laboratory diagnostic assays for ZIKV infection in dengue-endemic areas.

scholarly journals ZIKATracker: A mobile App for reporting cases of ZIKV worldwide

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson Ann Kelvin ◽  
David Banner ◽  
Luciano Pamplona ◽  
Carlos Alencar ◽  
Salvatore Rubino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Developmental Defects ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
South Central

We have developed a mobile App called ZIKATracker (zikatracker.net) to voluntarily be used to report ZIKV cases on a public or private level. As the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection zones are rapidly expanding across South, Central, and North America, and reports have emerged linking ZIKV infection with developmental defects and neurological sequelae, reporting the movement and sequelae of ZIKV is essential. ZIKATracker is a multi-lingual App (English, French, Spanish, and Portuguese) freely available to anyone worldwide wishing to report a suspected or confirmed case of Zika virus and related symptoms. Knowledge gained from the use of this App will help direct the implementation of mosquito control measures in needed areas, bring aid to those affected by the Zika virus, and understand the movement and sequelae of ZIKV as it spreads through communities and across continents.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota modulation induced by Zika virus infection in immunocompetent mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Corrêa ◽  
Igor de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Heloísa Antoniella Braz-de-Melo ◽  
Lívia Pimentel de Sant’Ana ◽  
Raquel das Neves Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Colon Tissue ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Immunological Responses ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

AbstractGut microbiota composition can modulate neuroendocrine function, inflammation, and cellular and immunological responses against different pathogens, including viruses. Zika virus (ZIKV) can infect adult immunocompetent individuals and trigger brain damage and antiviral responses. However, it is not known whether ZIKV infection could impact the gut microbiome from adult immunocompetent mice. Here, we investigated modifications induced by ZIKV infection in the gut microbiome of immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. Adult C57BL/6J mice were infected with ZIKV and the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by next-generation sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region present in the bacterial 16S rDNA gene. Our data showed that ZIKV infection triggered a significant decrease in the bacteria belonging to Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla, and increased Deferribacteres and Spirochaetes phyla components compared to uninfected mice. Interestingly, ZIKV infection triggered a significant increase in the abundance of bacteria from the Spirochaetaceae family in the gut microbiota. Lastly, we demonstrated that modulation of microbiota induced by ZIKV infection may lead to intestinal epithelium damage and intense leukocyte recruitment to the intestinal mucosa. Taken together, our data demonstrate that ZIKV infection can impact the gut microbiota composition and colon tissue homeostasis in adult immunocompetent mice.

scholarly journals Association between Genetic Variants in NOS2 and TNF Genes with Congenital Zika Syndrome and Severe Microcephaly

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Julia A. Gomes ◽  
Eduarda Sgarioni ◽  
Juliano A. Boquett ◽  
Ana Cláudia P. Terças-Trettel ◽  
Juliana H. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Congenital Anomalies ◽  
Family Income ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Congenital Zika Syndrome

Zika virus (ZIKV) causes Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) in individuals exposed prenatally. Here, we investigated polymorphisms in VEGFA, PTGS2, NOS3, TNF, and NOS2 genes as risk factors to CZS. Forty children with CZS and forty-eight children who were in utero exposed to ZIKV infection, but born without congenital anomalies, were evaluated. Children with CZS were predominantly infected by ZIKV in the first trimester (p < 0.001) and had mothers with lower educational level (p < 0.001) and family income (p < 0.001). We found higher risk of CZS due the allele rs2297518[A] of NOS2 (OR = 2.28, CI 95% 1.17–4.50, p = 0.015). T allele and TT/CT genotypes of the TNF rs1799724 and haplotypes associated with higher expression of TNF were more prevalent in children with CZS and severe microcephaly (p = 0.029, p = 0.041 and p = 0.030, respectively). Our findings showed higher risk of CZS due ZIKV infection in the first trimester and suggested that polymorphisms in NOS2 and TNF genes affect the risk of CZS and severe microcephaly.

scholarly journals Zika Virus Infection Leads to Demyelination and Axonal Injury in Mature CNS Cultures

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Verena Schultz ◽  
Stephanie L. Cumberworth ◽  
Quan Gu ◽  
Natasha Johnson ◽  
Claire L. Donald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Axonal Pathology ◽  
Time Frames

Understanding how Zika virus (Flaviviridae; ZIKV) affects neural cells is paramount in comprehending pathologies associated with infection. Whilst the effects of ZIKV in neural development are well documented, impact on the adult nervous system remains obscure. Here, we investigated the effects of ZIKV infection in established mature myelinated central nervous system (CNS) cultures. Infection incurred damage to myelinated fibers, with ZIKV-positive cells appearing when myelin damage was first detected as well as axonal pathology, suggesting the latter was a consequence of oligodendroglia infection. Transcriptome analysis revealed host factors that were upregulated during ZIKV infection. One such factor, CCL5, was validated in vitro as inhibiting myelination. Transferred UV-inactivated media from infected cultures did not damage myelin and axons, suggesting that viral replication is necessary to induce the observed effects. These data show that ZIKV infection affects CNS cells even after myelination—which is critical for saltatory conduction and neuronal function—has taken place. Understanding the targets of this virus across developmental stages including the mature CNS, and the subsequent effects of infection of cell types, is necessary to understand effective time frames for therapeutic intervention.

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