scholarly journals The Input of Structural Vaccinology in the Search for Vaccines against Bunyaviruses

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Alexandra Serris
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Structural Vaccinology ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Health Organization

A significant increase in the number of viruses causing unexpected illnesses and epidemics among humans, wildlife and livestock has been observed in recent years. These new or re-emerging viruses have often caught the scientific community off-guard, without sufficient knowledge to combat them, as shown by the current coronavirus pandemic. The bunyaviruses, together with the flaviviruses and filoviruses, are the major etiological agents of viral hemorrhagic fever, and several of them have been listed as priority pathogens by the World Health Organization for which insufficient countermeasures exist. Based on new techniques allowing rapid analysis of the repertoire of protective antibodies induced during infection, combined with atomic-level structural information on viral surface proteins, structural vaccinology is now instrumental in the combat against newly emerging threats, as it allows rapid rational design of novel vaccine antigens. Here, we discuss the contribution of structural vaccinology and the current challenges that remain in the search for an efficient vaccine against some of the deadliest bunyaviruses.

scholarly journals Rational Design of Peptide Vaccines for the Highly Lethal Nipah and Hendra Viruses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanta Dey ◽  
Proyasha Roy ◽  
Tathagata Dutta ◽  
Ashesh Nandy ◽  
Subhash C Basak
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
World Health ◽  
Peptide Vaccines ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe Nipah virus disease is a lethal infection that has led to 40% to 75% fatalities in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India. The reports of human-to-human transmission documented in Bangladesh has raised the specter of pandemic potential and has caused the World Health Organization to list the Nipah virus as one of the pathogens to be considered for development of drugs and vaccines on urgent basis, neither of which exist against the Nipah virus as of now, although many proposals have been made and trials initiated. Given that there are established country-specific differences in the virus’ effects and fatalities, meeting the sudden need for a vaccine in case of an epidemic will require design, development and preparation for a peptide vaccine. Thus, we propose a protocol for creating peptide vaccines that can be tailor-made for these specific countries, an approach which is being advocated for the first time. Here, we analyze the surface proteins, Fusion protein and Glycoprotein, of the strains currently affecting the three countries on a large scale and determine the specific country-based epitope differences.

scholarly journals Towards a Sustainable One Health Approach to Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Prevention: Focus Areas and Gaps in Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa E. Sorvillo ◽  
Sergio E. Rodriguez ◽  
Peter Hudson ◽  
Megan Carey ◽  
Luis L. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Transmission Cycle ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts ◽  
Health Organization

Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection is identified in the 2018 World Health Organization Research and Development Blueprint and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIH/NIAID) priority A list due to its high risk to public health and national security. Tick-borne CCHFV is widespread, found in Europe, Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent. It circulates between ticks and several vertebrate hosts without causing overt disease, and thus can be present in areas without being noticed by the public. As a result, the potential for zoonotic spillover from ticks and animals to humans is high. In contrast to other emerging viruses, human-to-human transmission of CCHFV is typically limited; therefore, prevention of spillover events should be prioritized when considering countermeasures. Several factors in the transmission dynamics of CCHFV, including a complex transmission cycle that involves both ticks and vertebrate hosts, lend themselves to a One Health approach for the prevention and control of the disease that are often overlooked by current strategies. Here, we examine critical focus areas to help mitigate CCHFV spillover, including surveillance, risk assessment, and risk reduction strategies concentrated on humans, animals, and ticks; highlight gaps in knowledge; and discuss considerations for a more sustainable One Health approach to disease control.

Drinking-Water Quality and Intestinal Infectious Diseases in a Colombian Department, 2010-2016

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Dora Cardona Rivas ◽  
Militza Yulain Cardona Guzmán ◽  
Olga Lucía Ocampo López
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To characterize the burden of intestinal infectious diseases attributable to drinking-water quality in 27 municipalities in the central region of Colombia. Materials and methods: A time-trend ecological study. The drinking-water quality of the National Institute of Health and the Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies was identified. The disease burden was calculated based on the mortality registered in the National Department of Statistics and the records of morbidity attended by the Social Protection Integrated Information System. The etiological agents reported in morbidity records and the observation of environmental conditions in the municipalities of the study were included. The disease burden was determined according to the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO).

scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological characterization of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in northeastern, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Pamplona de Góes Cavalcanti ◽  
Ivo Castelo Branco Coelho ◽  
Dina Cortez Lima Feitosa Vilar ◽  
Susana Glória Silveira Holanda ◽  
Kiliana Nogueira Farias da Escóssia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
World Health ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Risk Of Progression ◽  
Care Structure ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

INTRODUCTION: The dengue hemorrhagic dengue (DHF) remains an important public health problem in Brazil. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of DHF cases during the 2003 epidemic in Ceará. METHODS: Suspected DHF cases with onset of symptoms between January and December 2003 were investigated. RESULTS: 37,964 classic dengue cases and 291 DHF cases were reported. Among the cases discarded, 75.5% were serologically positive but did not meet the criteria recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The DHF patients' median age was 30 years (2 - 88). Among the hemorrhagic manifestations, petechiae were the most (32.6%) frequent. Cases of gastrointestinal bleeding, ascites, pericardial pleural effusion, hepatomegaly, hypotension and shock showed higher risk of progression to death (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The introduction of a new serotype (DENV-3) in Ceará, which encountered a susceptible population and high vector density, may have been the primary agent responsible for the magnitude of the epidemic. Timely and appropriate medical care, along with an organized care structure are essential for reducing its lethality.

scholarly journals Poliovirus-nonsusceptible Vero cell line for the World Health Organization global action plan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Okemoto-Nakamura ◽  
Kenji Someya ◽  
Toshiyuki Yamaji ◽  
Kyoko Saito ◽  
Makoto Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vero Cell ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Polio Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Action ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Action Plan

AbstractPolio or poliomyelitis is a disabling and life-threatening disease caused by poliovirus (PV). As a consequence of global polio vaccination efforts, wild PV serotype 2 has been eradicated, and wild PV serotypes 1- and 3-transmitted cases have been largely eliminated except for in limited regions around the world. However, vaccine-derived PV, pathogenically reverted live PV vaccine strains in vaccinated humans, has become a serious issue. For the global eradication of polio, the World Health Organization is conducting the third edition of the Global Action Plan, which is requesting stringent control of potentially PV-infected materials. To facilitate the mission, we generated a PV-nonsusceptible Vero cell subline, which may serve as an ideal replacement of standard Vero cells to isolate emerging/re-emerging viruses without the risk of generating PV-infected materials.

scholarly journals PEMODELAN PENGARUH IKLIM TERHADAP ANGKA KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DI KOTA AMBON MENGGUNAKAN METODE REGRESI GENERALIZED POISSON

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-351
Author(s):  
Ferry Kondo Lembang ◽  
Eysye Alchi Nara ◽  
Francis Yunito Rumlawang ◽  
Mozart Winston Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Generalized Poisson ◽  
Generalized Poisson Regression ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the dreaded diseases of the transition season. DHF is a disease found in tropical and subtropical regions that caused by Dengue virus which is transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, it is stated that Indonesia is the country with the highest dengue fever case in Southeast Asia. The incidence of dengue fever in Indonesia tends to increase in the middle of the rainy season, and one of the regions in Indonesia with the high level of rainfall intensity is Ambon City. DHF cases in Ambon city increase from year to year due to the last five years the intensity of rainfall is very high. Therefore, this study aims to identify climate factors that affect the incidence of DHF in Ambon City by using Generalized Poisson Regression method. Generalized Poisson Regression is appropriately considered to analyze the causing factors DHF incidence because the rating case of DHF is usually the count data that following the Poisson distribution. The results showed that the smallest AIC value for the Generalized Poisson Regression model was 75.842 with significant variables is DHF in the city of Ambon were one month earlier, air humidity, rainfall, and air humidity two months earlier.

The Angolan Pandemic Rapid Response Team: An Assessment, Improvement, and Development Analysis of the First Self-sufficient African National Response Team Curriculum

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Owens ◽  
Jason Rice
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rapid Response Team ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
World Health ◽  
Response Team ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess, through participant self-assessment, the effectiveness of a rapid response team curriculum based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Ebola Virus Disease Consolidated Preparedness Checklist, Revision 1.MethodsA pre-and-post survey for the purpose of process improvement assessment involving 44 individuals was conducted in Angola. The survey was conducted before and after a 6-day training workshop held in Luanda, Angola, in December 2017. A paired t-test was used to identify any significant change on six 7-point Likert scale questions with α &lt;.05 (95% CI).ResultsTwo of the 6 questions, “I feel confident the team can effectively work together to accomplish its assigned goals and objectives during a suspected contagious hemorrhagic fever disease outbreak” and “I understand basic pandemic response concepts” changed significantly from the presurvey to the postsurvey. The 4 remaining questions had near statistical significant change or an upward trend.ConclusionThis Angolan rapid response team training curriculum based on WHO guidelines, After Action Reports, and internationally accepted standard operating procedures provides the nation of Angola with the confidence to rapidly respond at the national level to a highly infectious contagion in the region. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:577-581)

scholarly journals Insight into the Tropism of Dengue Virus in Humans

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feroza Begum ◽  
Sandeepan Das ◽  
Debica Mukherjee ◽  
Sweety Mal ◽  
Upasana Ray
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
World Health ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Organ Tropism ◽  
Insight Into

In tropical and subtropical zones, arboviruses are among the major threats to human life, affecting a large number of populations with serious diseases. Worldwide, over three hundred million people are infected with dengue virus (DENV) every year as per the World Health Organization (WHO). DENV-mediated disease severity ranges from a mild fever to hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Patients suffering from severe infection might experience multi-organ failure, cardiomyopathy and even encephalopathy, further complicating the disease pathogenesis. In life-threatening cases, DENV has been reported to affect almost all organs of the human body. In this review, we discuss the organ tropism of DENV in humans in depth as detected in various autopsy studies. Keeping in mind the fact that there is currently no DENV-specific antiviral, it is of utmost importance to achieve a vivid picture of the susceptible cells in humans which might help in designing antivirals against DENV, especially targeting those tissues in which infection might lead to life-threatening conditions.

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