scholarly journals Rational Design of Peptide Vaccines for the Highly Lethal Nipah and Hendra Viruses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumanta Dey ◽  
Proyasha Roy ◽  
Tathagata Dutta ◽  
Ashesh Nandy ◽  
Subhash C Basak
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Nipah Virus ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
World Health ◽  
Peptide Vaccines ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractThe Nipah virus disease is a lethal infection that has led to 40% to 75% fatalities in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India. The reports of human-to-human transmission documented in Bangladesh has raised the specter of pandemic potential and has caused the World Health Organization to list the Nipah virus as one of the pathogens to be considered for development of drugs and vaccines on urgent basis, neither of which exist against the Nipah virus as of now, although many proposals have been made and trials initiated. Given that there are established country-specific differences in the virus’ effects and fatalities, meeting the sudden need for a vaccine in case of an epidemic will require design, development and preparation for a peptide vaccine. Thus, we propose a protocol for creating peptide vaccines that can be tailor-made for these specific countries, an approach which is being advocated for the first time. Here, we analyze the surface proteins, Fusion protein and Glycoprotein, of the strains currently affecting the three countries on a large scale and determine the specific country-based epitope differences.

scholarly journals Preparedness prevention of Covid-19 Muhammadiyah residents in Magelang, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
Margono Margono ◽  
Robiul Fitri Masithoh ◽  
Priyo Priyo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Command Center

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a virus that is still related to the cause of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) which still has an RNA chain that mutates faster than DNA. World Health Organization (WHO) said that until July 26 2020 the number of people infected with the virus were 15,785,641 people. From the data, Indonesia ranked 24th with 97,286 positive cases and 4,714 people died. The data shows that Indonesia is higher than China as the country of origin of this virus began to be found. Indonesia implemented several policies in the fields of law, health and economics to deal with the Covid-19 outbreak. The Ministry of Health issued a regulation derived from PP21 / 20, namely Minister of Health Regulation No. 9 of 2020 concerning Large Scale Limitation Guidelines (PSBB). Muhammadiyah as a social organization through the One Muhammadiyah One Response (OMOR) program in handling coviders formed the Muhmmadiyah Covid-19 Command Center (MCCC) team to contribute to the prevention of covid-19 transmission that had been formed up to the Regional level. In addition to providing care for Covid-19 patients through Muhamamdiyah and Aisyah hospitals, MCCC also prepared the community to be prepared to face the Covid-19 pandemic. In Magelang regency, up to 27 July, PDP recorded 42 deaths, positive confirmation died 6 people and confirmed 7 people were treated. Therefore the importance of community preparedness to prevent Covid-19 transmission. Method: this research uses a quantitative approach with descriptive type. This research uses a survey method with questionnaire technique. Respondents in this study were 100 people. The results of this study indicate that residents of Muhamamdiyah in Magelang District 89% of respondents have received co-19 prevention information from MCCC, 59% showed understanding of the information provided, applying health protocols with 92% hand washing habits, doing 88% exercise, habit using masks 93 %, keep a distance of 98%, use hand sanitizer 86%, maintain a 96% sneezing ethic, able to manage stress 71%, and consume nutritious food 76%

scholarly journals BERBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Yuggo Afrianto ◽  
Novita Br Ginting ◽  
Indriyawati Indriyawati ◽  
Kalih Puspita Dewi ◽  
Muhamad Rizky Fahrezi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Face ◽  
Health Organization

Covid-19 is a new type of virus that was discovered in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in 2019. The new kind of virus was given the name coronavirus disease-2019, shortened to Covid-19. WHO declared this virus a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Various parties tried to in the prevention and control of COVID-19. However, the number of references offered and the variance of a policy in a study create problems again. People are confused to understand what efforts are suitable or recommended with trustworthy truths. Hence, this study uses Systematic Literature Reviews to find the most recommended efforts with reliable study sources, namely the Scopus journal and Google Scholar. The results of this study provide recommendations to the public about the efforts to prevent Covid-19, to reduce the spread of Covid-19, especially in Indonesia. 125 relevant journals were successfully reviewed, resulting in 37 Covid-19 prevention efforts. Based on the ranking method, 10 efforts are widely recommended in journals, namely: Social distancing, Quarantine/lockdown/LSSR (Large-scale social restrictions), WFH (Work From Home), Washing hands, Self-isolation, Wearing masks, Using handsanitizer, Spraying disinfectants, Maintaining immunity, and Not touch the face. The exciting thing that was also found in the research was that there were efforts that were not only built based on medical science but were also associated with beliefs such as Sawen Installation and Religious Ceremonies. Keywords: Covid-19; SLR; prevention of Covid-19. AbstrakCovid-19 merupakan virus jenis baru yang ditemukan di Wuhan, Hubei, China pada tahun 2019, virus ini diberi nama corona virus disease-2019 yang disingkat menjadi Covid-19, WHO (World Health Organization) menyatakan virus ini sebagai suatu pandemi pada 11 Maret 2020. Berbagai pihak berupaya dalam pencegahan dan penanggulangan Covid-19. Namun banyaknya referensi yang ditawarkan dan ketidak selarasan suatu kebijakkan dalam suatu studi, membuat permasalahan kembali di mana masyarakat bingung untuk mengerti upaya apa saja yang baik atau direkomendasikan dengan kebenaran yang dapat dipercaya.  Untuk menangani masalah tersebut maka dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Systematic Literature Reviews untuk mencari upaya yang paling banyak direkomendasikan dengan sumber studi yang terpercaya, yaitu jurnal Scopus dan Google Scholar. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada masyarakat tentang apa saja upaya pencegahan Covid-19, untuk mengurangi penyebaran Covid-19 khususnya di Indonesia. 125 jurnal yang relevan berhasil direview, menghasilkan 37 Upaya pencegahan Covid-19. Berdasarkan metode pemeringkatan mendapatkan 10 upaya yang banyak direkomendasi dalam jurnal, yaitu: Social distancing, Karantina/lockdown/PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar), WFH (Work From Home), Mencuci tangan, Isolasi diri, Memakai masker, Memakai handsanitizer, Menyemprotkan disenfektan, Menjaga imun, dan Tidak menyentuh wajah. Hal menarik yang didapatkan juga dalam penelitian ternyata terdapat upaya yang tidak hanya dibangun berdasarkan ilmu medis, namun juga dikaitkan dengan kepercayaan seperti, Pemasangan Sawen dan Upacara Keagamaan.

scholarly journals The Input of Structural Vaccinology in the Search for Vaccines against Bunyaviruses

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1766
Author(s):  
Alexandra Serris
Keyword(s):  
Rational Design ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
World Health ◽  
Emerging Viruses ◽  
Protective Antibodies ◽  
Structural Vaccinology ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Health Organization

A significant increase in the number of viruses causing unexpected illnesses and epidemics among humans, wildlife and livestock has been observed in recent years. These new or re-emerging viruses have often caught the scientific community off-guard, without sufficient knowledge to combat them, as shown by the current coronavirus pandemic. The bunyaviruses, together with the flaviviruses and filoviruses, are the major etiological agents of viral hemorrhagic fever, and several of them have been listed as priority pathogens by the World Health Organization for which insufficient countermeasures exist. Based on new techniques allowing rapid analysis of the repertoire of protective antibodies induced during infection, combined with atomic-level structural information on viral surface proteins, structural vaccinology is now instrumental in the combat against newly emerging threats, as it allows rapid rational design of novel vaccine antigens. Here, we discuss the contribution of structural vaccinology and the current challenges that remain in the search for an efficient vaccine against some of the deadliest bunyaviruses.

scholarly journals Estimation of R0 for COVID-19 in India through different mathematical model and their comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Nidhi Dwivedi ◽  
Sujata Gupta ◽  
Archana Dwivedi
Keyword(s):  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Central China ◽  
World Health ◽  
Family Welfare ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Background: The cases of novel coronavirus (COVID- 2019)-infected pneumonia started since the 19th of December, 2019, in Wuhan (Central China). A large scale outbreak of the disease resulted in a pandemic. This outbreak of the COVID -19 disease has spread on a wide scale. World health organization (WHO) has identified the ongoing outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID 2019) as pandemic on 11 March 2020. Basic reproduction number (R0)- is one of the most important predictors of epidemic severity. It can help to understand the path of the epidemic and to assess the effectiveness of the various interventions to control the epidemic. The purpose of this study is to estimate R0 by using five methods based on the Indian COVID-19 dataset and compare them.  Methods: We obtained data on daily confirmed, recovered and deaths cases from official site of ministry of health and family welfare. We implemented 5 mathematical methods to calculate R0. We estimated the number of active cases till 14th of April. We also compare these methods to find out the best method to predict R0.Results: The estimated R0 for the AR, EG, ML, TD, and gamma-distributed methods were 1.0004, 2.102, 1.895, 1.872 and 1.46 respectively. The computed R0 in the TD method is closer to the actual R0 and have a good fit on data as confirmed with MSE criterion.Conclusions: Awareness of the basic reproduction number of COVID-19 is useful for controlling the spread of disease and for planning. It is therefore necessary to know the best method that has better performance.

COVID 19: REALS AND CHALLENGES AGAINST DOCTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-87
Author(s):  
Zen Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
World Health ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Wuhan City ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Pneumonia Case ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
Health Organization

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is a contagious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was discovered in December 2019 in China. This disease can cause clinical manifestations in the airway, lung and systemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) representative of China reported a pneumonia case with unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China on December 31, 2019. The cause was identified as a new type of coronavirus on January 7, 2020 with an estimated source of the virus from traditional markets (seafood market). ) Wuhan city

scholarly journals Synthetic peptide vaccines

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Moysa ◽  
E.F. Kolesanova
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Peptide ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Peptide Vaccine ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Peptide Vaccines ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Selection Of

This review considers the stages of the development of synthetic peptide vaccines against infectious agents, novel approaches and technologies employed in this process, including bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics, large-scale peptide synthesis, high-throughput screening methods, the use of transgenic animals for modelling human infections. An important role for the development and selection of efficient adjuvants for peptide immunogens is noted. Examples of synthetic peptide vaccine developments against three infectious diseases (malaria, hepatitis C, and foot-and-mouth disease) are given.

Development of Herbal Ayurvedic Formulation as Digestive Tablets, Evaluation of it’s Pharmaceutical, Pharmacognostic Parameters and Screening of its Antioxidant Potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 5849-5855
Author(s):  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Chandana Majee ◽  
Rahul Kaushik ◽  
Shivani Saxena ◽  
Salahuddin Salahuddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wet Granulation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Average Size

Herbal digestive tablets are meant for treating indigestion problems. The indigestion problem is one of the major problems of all (the) ages of human beings. As trends for eating fast foods is increasing, simultaneously the improper digestion also tends to increase. There are a number of digestive tablets in the market but in attempt to improve their taste the actual motto behind their use is masked. To combat the indigestion problems, in the present study an attempt has been made to formulate, develop and evaluate herbal digestive tablets. The formula of the digestive tablet has been decided after deep review of Ayurvedic formulary of India. The ingredients of this formulation have been procured from authentic sources. The wet granulation method was used to prepare the granules for punching the tablets. After preparation, the herbal digestive tablets were subjected to various pharmaceutical evaluations and quality control evaluations as per the guidelines from World Health Organization (WHO). The formulation was also subjected to antioxidant screening using Phosphomolybdenum method. The digestive tablets are obtained as light brown-colored round tablets with pleasant odour and spicy taste with an average size of 8mm and smooth edges. Maximum extractive value was observed as 34% in methanol with a total ash value of 10.16%. Other parameters reported as bitterness value- 0.69 units, volatile oil content-8%, loss on drying- 12.3%, swelling and foaming index of 0.27 and less than 100 respectively. The tablets showed a total antioxidant potential of 0.51mg/mg as Ascorbic acid equivalent. Tablets also pass various pharmaceutical evaluation parameters like hardness, friability, weight variation, and disintegration test. Herbal digestive tablets have very excellent taste due to less bitter drugs. The tablet formula can be applied to prepare large scale production of digestive tablets.

scholarly journals 2-Methyl-pentanoyl-carnitine (2-MPC): a urine biomarker for patent Ascaris lumbricoides infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Lagatie ◽  
Ann Verheyen ◽  
Stijn Van Asten ◽  
Maurice R. Odiere ◽  
Yenny Djuardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Urine Biomarker ◽  
Intestinal Worms ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Infections with intestinal worms, such as Ascaris lumbricoides, affect hundreds of millions of people in all tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Through large-scale deworming programs, World Health Organization aims to reduce moderate-to-heavy intensity infections below 1%. Current diagnosis and monitoring of these control programs are solely based on the detection of worm eggs in stool. Here we describe how metabolome analysis was used to identify the A. lumbricoides-specific urine biomarker 2-methyl pentanoyl carnitine (2-MPC). This biomarker was found to be 85.7% accurate in determining infection and 90.5% accurate in determining a moderate-to-heavy infection. Our results also demonstrate that there is a correlation between 2-MPC levels in urine and A. lumbricoides DNA detected in stool. Furthermore, the levels of 2-MPC in urine were shown to rapidly and strongly decrease upon administration of a standard treatment (single oral dose of 400 mg albendazole). In an Ascaris suum infection model in pigs, it was found that, although 2-MPC levels were much lower compared to humans, there was a significant association between urinary 2-MPC levels and both worm counts (p = 0.023) and the number of eggs per gram (epg) counts (p < 0.001). This report demonstrates that urinary 2-MPC can be considered an A. lumbricoides-specific biomarker that can be used to monitor infection intensity.

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