scholarly journals Neuroinflammatory Profiling in SIV-Infected Chinese-Origin Rhesus Macaques on Antiretroviral Therapy

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Antonio Solis-Leal ◽  
Summer Siddiqui ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Mahesh Mohan ◽  
Wenhui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Chinese Origin ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules ◽  
Potential Use

The central nervous system (CNS) HIV reservoir is an obstacle to achieving an HIV cure. The basal ganglia harbor a higher frequency of SIV than other brain regions in the SIV-infected rhesus macaques of Chinese-origin (chRMs) even on suppressive combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Since residual HIV/SIV reservoir is associated with inflammation, we characterized the neuroinflammation by gene expression and systemic levels of inflammatory molecules in healthy controls and SIV-infected chRMs with or without ART. CCL2, IL-6, and IFN-γ were significantly reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of animals receiving ART. Moreover, there was a correlation between levels of CCL2 in plasma and CSF, suggesting the potential use of plasma CCL2 as a neuroinflammation biomarker. With higher SIV frequency, the basal ganglia of untreated SIV-infected chRMs showed an upregulation of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), which could be an indicator of ongoing neuroinflammation. While ART greatly reduced neuroinflammation in general, proinflammatory genes, such as IL-9, were still significantly upregulated. These results expand our understanding of neuroinflammation and signaling in SIV-infected chRMs on ART, an excellent model to study HIV/SIV persistence in the CNS.

scholarly journals β-Elemene Suppresses Obesity-Induced Imbalance in the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 704
Author(s):  
Yingyu Zhou ◽  
Wanyi Qiu ◽  
Yimei Wang ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Tomohiro Takano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Cerebral Metabolites ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebral Inflammation ◽  
Regulatory Effects ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Glucose Cycle

As a kind of metabolically triggered inflammation, obesity influences the interplay between the central nervous system and the enteral environment. The present study showed that β-elemene, which is contained in various plant substances, had effects on recovering the changes in metabolites occurring in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese C57BL/6 male mice brains, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP). β-elemene also partially reversed HFD-induced changes in the composition and contents of mouse gut bacteria. Furthermore, we evaluated the interaction between cerebral metabolites and intestinal microbiota via Pearson correlations. The prediction results suggested that Firmicutes were possibly controlled by neuron integrity, cerebral inflammation, and neurotransmitters, and Bacteroidetes in mouse intestines might be related to cerebral aerobic respiration and the glucose cycle. Such results also implied that Actinobacteria probably affected cerebral energy metabolism. These findings suggested that β-elemene has regulatory effects on the imbalanced microbiota-gut-brain axis caused by obesity and, therefore, would contribute to the future study in on the interplay between cerebral metabolites from different brain regions and the intestinal microbiota of mice.

scholarly journals Identification of MHC class I sequences in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Karl ◽  
Roger W. Wiseman ◽  
Kevin J. Campbell ◽  
Alex J. Blasky ◽  
Austin L. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Class I ◽  
Chinese Origin

scholarly journals Aged Chinese-origin rhesus macaques infected with SIV develop marked viremia in absence of clinical disease, inflammation or cognitive impairment

Retrovirology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Bissel ◽  
Kate Gurnsey ◽  
Hank P. Jedema ◽  
Nicholas F. Smith ◽  
Guoji Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Clinical Disease ◽  
Chinese Origin

Low concentrations of hydrogen sulphide alter monoamine levels in the developing rat central nervous system

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1515-1518 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Skrajny ◽  
R. S. Hannah ◽  
S. H. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Target Organs ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Developing Rat

The central nervous system is one of the primary target organs for hydrogen sulphide (H2S) toxicity; however, there are limited data on the neurotoxic effects of low-dose chronic exposure on the developing nervous system. Levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the developing rat cerebellum and frontal cortex were determined following chronic exposure to 20 and 75 ppm H2S during perinatal development. Both monoamines were altered in rats exposed to 75 ppm H2S compared with controls; serotonin levels were significantly increased at days 14 and 21 postnatal in both brain regions, and norepinephrine levels were significantly increased at days 7, 14, and 21 postnatal in cerebellum and at day 21 in the frontal cortex. Exposure to 20 ppm H2S significantly increased the levels of serotonin in the frontal cortex at day 21, whereas levels of norepinephrine were significantly reduced in the frontal cortex at days 14 and 21, and at day 14 in the cerebellum.Key words: hydrogen sulphide, monoamines, serotonin, norepinephrine, neurotoxicity.

Refining the Effects Observed in a Developmental Neurobehavioral Study of Ammonium Perchlorate Administered Orally in Drinking Water to Rats. II. Behavioral and Neurodevelopment Effects

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond G. York ◽  
John Barnett ◽  
Michael F. Girard ◽  
David R. Mattie ◽  
Marni V. K. Bekkedal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ammonium Perchlorate ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Continuous Access ◽  
Brain Morphometry ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right

A developmental neurotoxicity study was conducted to generate additional data on the potential functional and morphological hazard to the central nervous system caused by ammonium perchlorate in offspring from in utero and lactation exposure. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (23 to 25/group) were given continuous access to 0 (carrier), 0.1, 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 mg/kg-day perchlorate in the drinking water beginning 2 weeks prior to mating and continuing through day 10 of lactation for the behavioral function assessment or given continuous access to 0 (carrier), 0.1, 1.0, 3.0, and 30.0 mg/kg-day beginning on gestation day 0 and continuing through day 10 of lactation for neurodevelopment assessments. Motor activity was conducted on postpartum days 14, 18, and 22 and juvenile brain weights, neurohistopathological examinations, and regional brain morphometry were conducted on postpartum days 10 and 22. This research revealed a sexually dimorphic response, with some brain regions being larger in perchlorate-treated male rats than in comparable controls. Even so, there was no evidence of any obvious exposure-related effects on male rat brain weights or neuropathology. The most consistent exposure-related effect in the male pups was on the thickness of the corpus callosum, with both the right- and left-sided measures of the thickness of this white matter tract being significantly greater for the male pups in the 0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg-day exposure groups. The behavioral testing suggests prenatal exposure to ammonium perchlorate does not affect the development of gross motor movements in the pups.

scholarly journals Regional CNS responses to IFN-γ determine lesion localization patterns during EAE pathogenesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 205 (11) ◽  
pp. 2633-2642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Lees ◽  
Paul T. Golumbek ◽  
Julia Sim ◽  
Denise Dorsey ◽  
John H. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Th1 Cells ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Ifn Γ

The localization of inflammatory foci within the cerebellum is correlated to severe clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Previous studies of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model of MS, revealed distinct clinical outcomes correlated with the capacity of the animal to produce IFN-γ. Outcomes were linked to localization of inflammatory cells in either the spinal cord (wild type [WT]) or the cerebellum and brain stem (IFN-γ deficient). We demonstrate, using an adoptive transfer system, that the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to sense pathogenic T cell–produced IFN-γ during EAE initiation determines the sites of CNS pathogenesis. Transfer of WT Th1 cells into IFN-γ receptor–deficient mice results in pathogenic invasion of the brain stem and cerebellum with attendant clinical symptoms, which are identical to the disease observed after transfer of IFN-γ–deficient T cells to WT hosts. Inflammation of the spinal cord associated with classical EAE is abrogated in both IFN-γ–deficient systems. Cotransfer of CNS antigen-specific WT Th1 cells with IFN-γ–deficient T cells is sufficient to restore spinal cord invasion and block cerebellar and brain stem invasion. These data demonstrate that interaction between IFN-γ and host CNS cells during the initiation of EAE can selectively promote or suppress neuroinflammation and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Transient viral replication during analytical treatment interruptions in SIV infected macaques can alter the rebound-competent viral reservoir

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. e1009686
Author(s):  
Taina T. Immonen ◽  
Christine M. Fennessey ◽  
Leslie Lipkey ◽  
Abigail Thorpe ◽  
Gregory Q. Del Prete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Viral Reservoir ◽  
Virus Population ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Interruptions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

Analytical treatment interruptions (ATIs) of antiretroviral therapy (ART) play a central role in evaluating the efficacy of HIV-1 treatment strategies targeting virus that persists despite ART. However, it remains unclear if ATIs alter the rebound-competent viral reservoir (RCVR), the virus population that persists during ART and from which viral recrudescence originates after ART discontinuation. To assess the impact of ATIs on the RCVR, we used a barcode sequence tagged SIV to track individual viral lineages through a series of ATIs in Rhesus macaques. We demonstrate that transient replication of individual rebounding lineages during an ATI can lead to their enrichment in the RCVR, increasing their probability of reactivating again after treatment discontinuation. These data establish that the RCVR can be altered by uncontrolled replication during ATI.

scholarly journals Altered Prefrontal–Basal Ganglia Effective Connectivity in Patients With Poststroke Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Zixiao Li ◽  
Xingxing Cao ◽  
Lijun Zuo ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Effective Connectivity ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neuronal Model ◽  
Causal Modeling ◽  
Healthy Controls

We investigated the association between poststroke cognitive impairment and a specific effective network connectivity in the prefrontal–basal ganglia circuit. The resting-state effective connectivity of this circuit was modeled by employing spectral dynamic causal modeling in 11 poststroke patients with cognitive impairment (PSCI), 8 poststroke patients without cognitive impairment (non-PSCI) at baseline and 3-month follow-up, and 28 healthy controls. Our results showed that different neuronal models of effective connectivity in the prefrontal–basal ganglia circuit were observed among healthy controls, non-PSCI, and PSCI patients. Additional connected paths (extra paths) appeared in the neuronal models of stroke patients compared with healthy controls. Moreover, changes were detected in the extra paths of non-PSCI between baseline and 3-month follow-up poststroke, indicating reorganization in the ipsilesional hemisphere and suggesting potential compensatory changes in the contralesional hemisphere. Furthermore, the connectivity strengths of the extra paths from the contralesional ventral anterior nucleus of thalamus to caudate correlated significantly with cognitive scores in non-PSCI and PSCI patients. These suggest that the neuronal model of effective connectivity of the prefrontal–basal ganglia circuit may be sensitive to stroke-induced cognitive decline, and it could be a biomarker for poststroke cognitive impairment 3 months poststroke. Importantly, contralesional brain regions may play an important role in functional compensation of cognitive decline.

scholarly journals Changes in Degree Centrality of Network Nodes in Different Frequency Bands in Parkinson’s Disease With Depression and Without Depression

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Liao ◽  
Jinyao Yi ◽  
Sainan Cai ◽  
Qin Shen ◽  
Qinru Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frequency Band ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Degree Centrality ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Medial Frontal Gyrus

BackgroundDepression induces an early onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD), aggravates dyskinesia and cognitive impairment, and accelerates disease progression. However, it is very difficult to identify and diagnose PD with depression (PDD) in the early clinical stage. Few studies have suggested that the changes in neural networks are associated with PDD, while degree centrality (DC) has been documented to be effective in detecting brain network changes.ObjectivesThe objectives of this study are to explore DC changes between patients with PDD and without depression (PDND) and to find the key brain hubs involved with depression in PD patients.MethodsOne hundred and four PD patients and 54 healthy controls (HCs) underwent brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Data Processing and Analysis of Brain Imaging and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Data Analysis Toolkit were used for processing and statistical analysis. The DC value of each frequency band was calculated. One-way analysis of variance and a two-sample t-test for post hoc comparison were used to compare the differences of the DC values in different frequency bands among PDD, PDND, and healthy control group. Gaussian random field was used for multiple comparison correction. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between each individual’s DC map and clinical indicators.ResultsThe DC value of different brain regions changed in PDD and PDND in different frequency bands. The prefrontal lobe, limbic system, and basal ganglia were the main brain regions involved. PDD patients showed a wider range and more abnormal brain areas in the slow-4 frequency band (0.027–0.073 Hz) compared to the HCs. PDD showed a decreased DC value in the medial frontal gyrus, bilateral cuneus gyrus, right lingual gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral superior frontal gyrus, and left paracentral lobule, but an increased DC value in the bilateral brainstem, midbrain, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral insula, left fusiform gyrus, and left caudate nucleus in the traditional frequency band (0.01–0.08 Hz) compared to PDND patients. PDND patients displayed more abnormal functions in the basal ganglia in the slow-4 frequency band.ConclusionThe DC changes in PDD and PDND are frequency dependent and frequency specific. The medial frontal gyrus, SMA, and limbic system may be the key hubs for depression in PD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document