scholarly journals Comparison of Dental Anxiety While Visiting Dental Clinics before and after Getting Vaccinated in Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Abhishek Lal ◽  
Sara Saeed ◽  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Khursheed Alam ◽  
Afsheen Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
P Value ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dental Practices

Vaccination is critical to control the rate of coronavirus transmission and infectivity. Dental practices are a high-risk area for contracting coronavirus; this fact generates psychological disturbances amongst patients. In this study, we aimed to assess the levels of anxiety of patients while visiting dental practices before and after getting vaccinated. This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and December 2021. An electronic survey was distributed among the vaccinated individuals who visited dental clinics before and after getting vaccinated. The survey consisted of the following four parts: demographic characteristics, questions related to coronavirus, and anxiety scores before and after getting vaccinated. SPSS-25 was used to perform the statistical analysis, where paired t-test was used to compare the anxiety scores, and Mann–Whitney U test to assess the association of gender with anxiety scores. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. A total of 400 vaccinated individuals participated in this study, with a response rate of 88.23%. The majority of the respondents (71.0%) did not test positive for coronavirus. More than half of the participants (54.0%) reported to not be suffering from any coronavirus-related symptoms. About 100 (25.0%) of the individuals stated that dental clinics are an environment in which there is a high risk of contracting coronavirus. In regards to the comparison of the mean MDAS scores of the participants before and after getting vaccinated, a significant difference (p = 0.001) was found. Vaccination has been recommended for all eligible individuals to control the transmission and infectivity of coronavirus. Vaccinations have decreased the dental anxiety of patients while visiting dental clinics. However, the protective measures are still valid and should be followed, regardless of the vaccination status.

scholarly journals CD4 LYMPHOCYTE IN HIV / AIDS BEFORE AND AFTER ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Rangsang Bagus Prabowo ◽  
Dewi Indah Noviana Pertiwi ◽  
FX. Hendriyono
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte

Abstract: Human Immunodefficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that decreases the human immunity system, therefore the infected people become susceptible to any kind of infections. Examination of CD4 lymphocyte count periodically is one of the antiretroviral therapy success indicators. The purpose of this research was to determine the difference of CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy at Ulin General Hospital Banjarmasin on 2013-2015. The method of this research was observational analytic with cross-sectional approach. The study population was 55 patients which were selected by inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results portrayed an increase of the CD4 lymphocyte count in 51 patients after being given four kinds of antiretroviral for 6 months with the mean increase in CD4 lymphocyte count was 92,72 cell/µL. Data analysis result with Wilcoxon test portrayed a difference of the CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy with p value=0,000. In conclusion, there was a significant difference of the CD4 lymphocyte count before and after antiretroviral therapy. Keywords: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, CD4, lymphocyt, antiretroviral therapy

Cross-sectional study ofOpisthorchis viverrini infection and cholangiocarcinoma in communities within a high-risk area in northeast thailand

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Haswell-Elkins ◽  
Eimorn Mairiang ◽  
Pisaln Mairiang ◽  
Jittaroen Chaiyakum ◽  
Nittaya Chamadol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Northeast Thailand ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Area ◽  
Viverrini Infection

Prevalence of Cervical Spondylitis in Dentists of Lahore

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2846-2848
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Rashid ◽  
Qurat Ul Ain Manzoor ◽  
Irsam Haide ◽  
Aroosa Ashraf ◽  
Uzma Jabbar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Neck Disability Index ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Clinics ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Neck Disability

Aim: To analyze prevalence of cervical spondylitis among dentists practicing in Lahore. Methods: A cross sectional survey of 6 months was conducted on 110 dentists practicing in dental clinics of Lahore were examined using neck disability index performa. SPSS Version 24 used for entering/analyzing the data. Results: In 110 individuals, 22% dentists including males (n=19%) and females (n=24.2%) were suffering from cervical spondylitis. According to neck disability index 34.5% had no disability, 47.2% had mild, 10.9% had moderate, 5.4% had severe disability and only 1.9% had complete disability. The major number (30%) was among 41-50years, and also statistically significant difference was observed (p-value = 0.02). Similarly maximum number of cervical spondylitis was found among females, 15(24.2%) but statistically insignificant difference was observed with respect to gender (p-value = 0.493). Longer practicing experience had also significant impact on the occurrence of spondylitis (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Dentists are likely to have neck pain prevalent in them and very few had cervical spondylitis (22%) but the damage could be reduced if postural changes and regular exercises could be adapted. Keywords: Cervical Spondylitis, Neck Disability Index, Postural Changes

Evaluation of Blood Pressure Changes after IAN Block Injection with Lidocaine and Epinephrine 1:80000 and its Relation with Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Parnianjooy ◽  
Arash Gholestaneh ◽  
Yamin Haghani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Dental Anxiety ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Level ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lidocaine Injection

Introduction: Many patients experience anxiety when they visit a dentist and anxiety causes an increase in the patient's blood pressure, as well as an injection of epinephrine, is also effective in increasing the blood pressure of the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in blood pressure following injection of lower jaw blocking with lidocaine containing 1: 80000 epinephrine and its association with anxiety level in patients Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study, 129 patients referred to the dental school of Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan were selected and their blood pressure was measured before injection of anesthetic drug and ten minutes later. The anxiety level of the patients was determined using a dental anxiety inventory and the relationship between the level of anxiety and blood pressure in the patients before and after injection was measured. Data were analyzed by T-paired statistical test, regression and Pearson test. Results: There is a positive correlation between the patient's systolic and diastolic blood pressure before the injection and the anxiety score is significant (p value < 0.001). There was also a significant association between the degree of correlation between mean pressure and anxiety score (p value < 0.001). There was a positive and significant correlation between injection pressure and anxiety scores. (p value < 0.001). Conclusion: Lidocaine injection containing epinephrine 1: 80,000 in patients undergoing mandibular block is associated with a significant increase in patients' systolic blood pressure. There was also a significant relationship between patients 'levels of anxiety and blood pressure, which had a greater effect on patients' blood pressure than epinephrine injections.

scholarly journals EDUKASI PRENATAL ATTACHMENT DAPAT MENINGKATKAN KELEKATAN IBU DAN JANIN PADA IBU HAMIL RISIKO TINGGI

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 34-51
Author(s):  
Mariani Mariani ◽  
Shinta Wahyusari ◽  
Nova Hikmawati
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Average Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Prenatal Attachment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: The prevalence of high-risk pregnancies in Indonesia is still quite high. Mothers who suffer from illness and pregnancy complications can influence the outcome of the pregnancy, which risks the occurrence of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The psychological effects of high-risk pregnancies are anxiety, stress, and the mother experiences a crisis that can affect the relationship between mother and fetus. These conditions can continue in the relationship between mother and baby after birth. Therefore there needs to be an effort to increase the attachment of the mother and fetus, one of which can be done by providing education. This study aims to determine the effect of prenatal attachment education on maternal and fetal attachment in high-risk pregnant women in Paiton Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency. Method: The study was conducted in Paiton Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency in Mei-Juni 2019. The research method used was quasy experiment using pre-post test design. The population in this study were all high risk pregnant women in Dringu Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling by determining the sample in accordance with the inclusion criteria. The number of samples to be used was 20 respondents. Data collection techniques using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon using SPSS. Results and Analysis: The results obtained showed the average score of attachment of the mother and fetus before the intervention was 52.15 and after the intervention was 60.50. There was a significant difference in the attachment of the mother and fetus before and after the intervention with a p value of 0,000 (p <0,000). Discussion: Prenatal care education needs to be included in the prenatal classroom program and started being given to pregnant women since the first trimester.   Keywords: attachment, prenatal attachment, high risk pregnant women

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti-polio antibodies in children from polio high risk area of Afghanistan: A cross sectional survey 2017

Vaccine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (15) ◽  
pp. 1921-1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Hussain ◽  
Ondrej Mach ◽  
Nasir A. Hamid ◽  
Zaid S. Bhatti ◽  
Deborah D. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Area

Impact of educational preeclampsia prevention booklet on knowledge and adherence to low dose aspirin among pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rella Indah Karunia ◽  
Anita Purnamayanti ◽  
Fransiscus O.H. Prasetyadi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundPostpartum bleeding and pregnancy induced hypertension – including preeclampsia – remain to be a great cause of maternal mortality. The use of aspirin for preventing preeclampsia has been practiced recently by fetomaternal specialists in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the impact of education using an aspirin booklet provided by pharmacists on knowledge and adherence in taking aspirin among pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia.MethodsThis was one group of pretest-posttest study. We enrolled all pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia screened at 11+0–13+6 weeks’ gestation at Fetomaternal Clinic, Dr. Ramelan Naval Hospital, Surabaya. All subjects prescribed with low-dose aspirin (100 mg) for preeclampsia prevention received oral and written education using the aspirin booklet and had been followed up for 2 months. Knowledge about aspirin for preeclampsia prevention was measured by a validated questionnaire developed for this study. Adherence to aspirin was measured by pill count method.ResultsA total of 12 pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia were included during the study period. This study showed a statistically significant difference on knowledge of preeclampsia prevention before and after receiving oral and written education using aspirin booklet (p-value = 0.020), as well as aspirin adherence (p-value = 0.011).ConclusionThe use of oral education and written aspirin booklet provided by pharmacists had impact on knowledge of preeclampsia prevention and adherence in taking aspirin among pregnant women with high risk for preeclampsia. We recommend to conduct randomized control study of adequate number of subjects.

scholarly journals Effect of [N-(Phosphonomethl)-glycine] (Glyphosate) Herbicide on Soil Microbial Population

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Halima Isa ◽  
Mohammed Bashir ◽  
Maryam Ibraheem ◽  
Aisha Mahmud Marafa
Keyword(s):  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Capital City ◽  
P Value ◽  
Untreated Soil ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Soil Microbial Population

Aims: To determine the effect of [N-(phosphonomethl)-glycine] (glyphosate) herbicide on soil bacterial and fungal population. Study Design:The effect glyphosate herbicide on soil microorganisms population on 2 different farm land was determined by Isolation of bacteria and fungi from untreated and Glyphosate herbicide treated soils using Nutrient agar and Potatoes dextrose agar (PDA) for the bacteria and fungi respectively. The number of bacteria and fungi present in both treated and untreated soil was then enumerated and the isolates determined. Place and Duration of Study: The study is a cross sectional research and was conducted on two Farm lands located at Yola capital city of Adamawa state Nigeria wheresoil samples were collected and Microbiology laboratory of Modibbo Adama University Yola were the sample was processed and analyzed. The study was conducted from February to May of 2021. Methodology: Bacteria and fungi were isolated from soil samples before and after treatment of the soils with N-(phosphonomethl)-glycine(Glyphosate) herbicide at different concentration, the bacteria and fungi populations isolated both before and after the treatment were compared. Results: The study showed that Glyphosate herbicide caused reduction in the bacterial and fungal count from 3 days of treatment up to 15 days. The bacterial count reduced from 6.1x108cfu/g in the untreated soil to 1.6x108cfu/g on the treatment. Also the fungal count reduced from 1.0x108cfu/g in the untreated soil to 5.0x107cfu/g after 15days of soil treatment. Both the bacterial and fungal count continues to show a gradual decrease up to 15 days in the treated soil. However, several bacteria and fungi were isolated with Bacillus spp. and Micrococcus spp. having the bacteria with highest occurrence with 42(19.91%) and Aspergillusspp. as the fungi with the highest occurrence with 12(42.85%). Statistical analysis of the data obtained indicated that At 95% confidence level, there is a significant difference in the population of bacteria and fungi before and after the soil treatment P-value(T˃t)=.001 Conclusion: The study revealed that Glyphosate herbicide has a negative effect on soil bacteria and fungi population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasmosis in HIV + patients referring to the Treatment Centers of Yazd in 2014

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Alireza Mousavi ◽  
Golmehrsadat Sajadi ◽  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
Mahmood Vakili ◽  
Seyed Hossein Shahcheraghi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transmission Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Considering the increasing rate of HIV virus in human societies and given the immune deficiency in HIV positive people, the prevalence of infections such as toxoplasmosis has been higher among these patients. In other words, in the case of not treating this infection, it can be fatal. Furthermore, due to favorable conditions provided for the parasite in these hosts, the presence of species resistant to treatment or with pathogenesis is more probable. This risk threatens the entire community. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in HIV positive patients, who referred to the Treatment Centers of Yazd in 2014 Method: This  cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 patients with HIV in behavioral health counseling centers in Yazd. In this study, IgG antibodies were measured by ELISA and CD4 cell counts methods using the flow-cytometry for all patients. Chi-square test was run to evaluate the relationship between the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in terms of independent variables at a significance level of 5 percent. Results: We found that 4.52 percent of patients had positive IgG results. No significant difference was observed in the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the studied patients and variables, such as gender, age, drug addiction, and income (p-value > 0.05). Considering the transfer of the disease, results of this study showed that 3 cases (3.6%), 20 cases (23.8%), and 57 cases (67.9%) of the disease transmitted from mother to child, spouse, and the person him/her-self, which included 95.3 percent. The disease transmission method was not determined in other four patients. Conclusion:High risk groups of society, especially people with intravenous addiction and high-risk sexual contacts should be informed and screened about the risk factors of contamination with HIV. In this regard, logical and practical planning, educational programs, and treatment measures are required to reduce the high-risk behaviors among this group.

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