Polish Medical Students’ Knowledge Regarding Human Papillomavirus’s Ways of Transmission, Risk of Cancer Development and Vaccination, and Their Intention to Recommend Vaccination

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with six types of cancer in men and women. A vaccine against HPV, preferably administered before initial sexual intercourse, has been proven to be highly effective in preventing these cancers. An effective healthcare provider recommendation has significant influence on HPV vaccine uptake; therefore, it is critical that medical students receive comprehensive training in this area. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of medical students regarding Human Papillomavirus’s (HPV) ways of transmission, risk of cancer development, and vaccination against HPV. This study also investigated factors among medical students that would affect their intention to recommend HPV vaccination to others. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted among 1061 (678 women and 383 men) medical students who filled in our questionnaire. The medical students were divided into two subgroups: (1) pre-clinical medical students (MS pre-clinical; first-to third-year students; n = 683) and (2) clinical medical students (MS clinical; fourth-to six-year students; n = 378). Results: A total259 (24.41%) of the 1061 medical students were vaccinated against HPV. We found a significant improvement in the general level of knowledge in the later years of education (4–6) compared to the early years of education (1–3). However, it was demonstrated that, despite medical education advancements, there are still significant gaps of knowledge about the relationship between HPV infection and cancers other than cervical cancer, as well as in relation to the routes by which HPV is transmitted. Medical students’ intentions to recommend HPV vaccine to others were related to their own HPV-related knowledge and their own vaccination status. Conclusion: Medical students have gaps of knowledge regarding particular issues and aspects of HPV. It is necessary to further educate medical students in the field of prevention and in the treatment of lesions caused by HPV infection. Medical students’ intention to recommend the HPV vaccine can be improved by including them and members of their families in the HPV vaccination program.

Download Full-text

Effect of Prophylactic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination on Oral HPV Infections Among Young Adults in the United States

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.75.0141 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 262-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 80

Author(s):

Anil K. Chaturvedi ◽

Barry I. Graubard ◽

Tatevik Broutian ◽

Robert K.L. Pickard ◽

Zhen-Yue Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Population Level ◽

The United States ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

The Us ◽

Oral Hpv ◽

Level Effect

Purpose The incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV)–positive oropharyngeal cancers has risen rapidly in recent decades among men in the United States. We investigated the US population–level effect of prophylactic HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV infection, the principal cause of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of men and women 18 to 33 years of age (N = 2,627) within the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2014, a representative sample of the US population. Oral HPV infection with vaccine types 16, 18, 6, or 11 was compared by HPV vaccination status, as measured by self-reported receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design and were adjusted for age, sex, and race. Statistical significance was assessed using a quasi-score test. Results Between 2011 and 2014, 18.3% of the US population 18 to 33 years of age reported receipt of at least one dose of the HPV vaccine before the age of 26 years (29.2% in women and 6.9% in men; P < .001). The prevalence of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated versus unvaccinated individuals (0.11% v 1.61%; Padj = .008), corresponding to an estimated 88.2% (95% CI, 5.7% to 98.5%) reduction in prevalence after model adjustment for age, sex, and race. Notably, the prevalence of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated versus unvaccinated men (0.0% v 2.13%; Padj = .007). Accounting for vaccine uptake, the population-level effect of HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was 17.0% overall, 25.0% in women, and 6.9% in men. Conclusion HPV vaccination was associated with reduction in vaccine-type oral HPV prevalence among young US adults. However, because of low vaccine uptake, the population-level effect was modest overall and particularly low in men.

Download Full-text

Impact of prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination on oral HPV infections among young adults in the U.S.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.6003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 6003-6003 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maura L. Gillison ◽

Tatevik Broutian ◽

Barry Graubard ◽

Robert Pickard ◽

Zhen-Yue Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Dose ◽

Population Level ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

The Us ◽

Oral Hpv

6003 Background: The incidence of HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancers has risen in recent decades among US men. The potential impact of HPV vaccines on oral HPV infections has yet to be evaluated in efficacy-trials or surveillance studies. Methods: To evaluate the impact of prophylactic HPV vaccination on oral HPV infections in the US population, we conducted a cross-sectional study among men and women aged 18-33 years (n = 2,627) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011-2014. We examined the effect of self-reported receipt of ≥1 vaccine dose on oral HPV infection (vaccine-types 16/18/6/11) prevalence among vaccinated vs. unvaccinated individuals. Additional outcomes included percent reduction in infection-prevalence among vaccinated individuals and population-level effectiveness of vaccination. Analyses accounted for the complex sampling design. Comparisons between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals were conducted using binary logistic regression, with adjustment for age, gender, and race. Statistical significance was assessed using a quasi-score test. Results: During 2011-2014, 18.3% of the US population aged 18-33 years reported receipt of ≥1 HPV vaccine-dose prior to age 26 (29.2% in women and 6.9% in men; P< 0.001). The prevalence (population-weighted) of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was significantly reduced in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated individuals (0.11% vs. 1.61%; P= 0.008), corresponding to an estimated 88.2% (95%CI = 5.7%-98.5%) reduction in prevalence. Notably, oral HPV16/18/6/11 prevalence was significantly reduced in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated men (0.0% vs. 2.13%; P= 0.007). In contrast, prevalence for 33 non-vaccine HPV types was similar (3.98% vs. 4.74%; P= 0.24). Accounting for HPV vaccine-uptake, the population-level effectiveness of HPV vaccination on the burden of oral HPV16/18/6/11 infections was 17.0% overall, 25.0% in women and 6.9% in men. Conclusions: HPV vaccination substantially reduced vaccine-type oral HPV infection prevalence among young adults (ages 18-33 years) in the US population during 2011-2014. However, due to low vaccine uptake, population-level effectiveness was modest overall and particularly low in men.

Download Full-text

Awareness and knowledge of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine in prevention of cervical cancer among medical students

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184960 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 5026

Author(s):

Radhika M. ◽

Sadiqunissa Sadiqunissa ◽

Mehfooza Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Medical Students ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Cancer Cervix ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Infection Risk Factors

Background: Cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst women in India. Identification and prevention of the pre-cancerous lesions helps to reduce the incidence of Carcinoma of cervix. The main aim of the study is to know the awareness and knowledge of HPV vaccine in prevention of cervical cancer among medical students.Methods: The study included 97 medical students (final year) studying in Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore. It is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study.Results: The results of awareness and knowledge about the HPV vaccine are interpreted in percentage. In this study, 76% of study subjects were aware that cancer cervix is preventable, 80% of the study subjects were aware about the association between the causation of cancer cervix by HPV. Majority of the study subjects about 72% ware about the vaccines for HPV but, awareness about the cost and efficacy of the vaccine was low only about 30% and 10% respectively. However, importantly students had a positive attitude to educate people regarding HPV vaccination and also to clear myths and misconceptions.Conclusions: Medical students should be educated regarding HPV infection, risk factors for causation of cervical cancer, screening methods which are available, HPV vaccines available in India and also about the efficacy and to motivate the society to have a positive attitude towards HPV vaccination by clearing the misconceptions regarding its information.

Download Full-text

The Role of Vaccination Interventions to Promote HPV Vaccine Uptake Rates in a College-Aged Population: a Systematic Review

Journal of Cancer Education ◽

10.1007/s13187-020-01806-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lihong Ou ◽

Shawn D. Youngstedt

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Young Adults ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Vaccine Coverage ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Transmitted Disease ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccination Programs ◽

Aged Population

Abstract This systematic review provided synthesized evidence regarding the effectiveness of the interventions promoting the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in college-aged population. The HPV infection is the most prevailing sexually transmitted disease. Despite the availability and effectiveness of the 9-Valent HPV vaccine, the vaccine coverage among young adults remained low. In witness to the increasing burden of HPV-related infections and cancers, research focused on the vaccination interventions should be conducted to determine the effectiveness of the vaccination strategy and address the gap. The search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane, and CINAL. Studies were included if they (1) included vaccination programs, (2) target population was young adults aged 17–26, (3) examined factors associated with the intervention effectiveness, (4) were published in English, and (5) were published between February 2010 and February 2020. HPV-related knowledge and intentions toward HPV vaccination were all reported increased after the intervention. Increased HPV vaccination intentions were found associated with the increased vaccine initiation and completion. Among bisexual or homosexual individuals, females were found more likely to complete the HPV dose 2 and 3. The review findings suggested using vaccination interventions incorporated with educational components to promote vaccine uptake among young adults. Supportive interventions tailored to different populations and settings are crucial to address the suboptimal HPV-related knowledge and vaccination status among the young beneficiaries.

Download Full-text

Beliefs and Knowledge Related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine among African Americans and African Immigrants Young Adults

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1087078/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adebola Adegboyega ◽

Omoadoni Obielodan ◽

Amanda Wiggins ◽

Mark Dignan ◽

Lovoria B. Williams

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Focus Group ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

African Immigrants ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Hpv Knowledge ◽

Hpv Vaccine Uptake

Abstract Background: Despite the disparate Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection rates among sexually active black young adults, HPV vaccine uptake remains low among this population. This study aimed to explore HPV beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge among black young adults and provide recommendations on ways to improve vaccine uptake.Methods: We used a mixed-method, convergent design to conduct five focus groups and administered a 40-item electronic survey that was developed with Health Belief Model (HBM) constructs. We assessed HPV and vaccine knowledge, barriers, and attitudes toward vaccination. We analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics and bivariate methods. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Results were integrated to obtain a better understanding of the topic.Results: Forty individuals participated in the study. The mean age was 22.2±4.5 years and 55% identified as African immigrants. Integrated data revealed themes mapped to relevant HBM constructs. Almost one third (32.5%) of participants were unaware of their susceptibility to HPV infection and its severity. From focus group discussions, the majority (75%) believed that vaccines are beneficial. Major cues to action include promoting HPV vaccine uptake via community wide informational sessions, provider recommendation, and social and mass media campaigns. Conclusion: Barriers to vaccine uptake, limited HPV knowledge, and lack of vaccine recommendation are important factors contributing to low vaccine uptake among black young adults. Interventions to decrease barriers to HPV vaccination, increase HPV knowledge, address misconceptions, and unfavorable beliefs are needed to promote to promote HPV vaccine uptake.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, perception and utilization of cervical cancer screening and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among immigrants and refugees in Central Ohio

The Columbia University Journal of Global Health ◽

10.52214/cujgh.v11i1.7225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Henon Gebre ◽

Senya Ghamli ◽

Frederica Jackson ◽

Bhakti Chavan ◽

Caroline Kingori

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preventive Practices ◽

Immigrant And Refugee

Background: Immigrants in the US are at higher risk of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection and cervical cancer compared to the general US population. Low awareness surrounding cervical cancer inhibits associated preventive practices. Purpose: This cross-sectional study examined the association between knowledge, attitude, and utilization of health services for cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccine among immigrant and refugee women in Ohio. Method: Preliminary analyses were conducted on a total of 70 participants recruited from immigrant and refugee organizations and community centers, using a validated paper survey. Results: There was a statistically significant association between cervical cancer screening and general knowledge on cervical cancer (p = 0.038). The study also revealed association between screening age (p < 0.001) and insurance status (p = 0.033). Majority of the participants perceived HPV vaccine to be ineffective at preventing cervical cancer, and 40.8% participants had never heard of the vaccine and consequently had not been vaccinated. 94% participants did not receive the HPV vaccine, however, 65.3% participants indicated willingness to be vaccinated against HPV for free or at reduced cost. Conclusion: Culturally appropriate interventions are warranted to develop effective strategies that will influence HPV screening behavior and vaccine uptake in this target population.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptability of the Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine and Vaccination Among University Students in Indonesia

Frontiers in Public Health ◽

10.3389/fpubh.2021.616456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Madan Khatiwada ◽

Cissy Kartasasmita ◽

Henny Suzana Mediani ◽

Christine Delprat ◽

Guido Van Hal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Nursing Students ◽

University Students ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Human Papilloma Virus Vaccine ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Common Cancer

Introduction: Cervical cancer, a major consequence of persistent HPV infection, is the third most common cancer in women worldwide and has claimed around 311,000 women lives in 2018. The majority of these deaths took place in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In LMICs, where cervical cancer screening coverage is low, the HPV vaccine is a promising tool for preventing HPV infections and, thus, averting cervical cancer cases. In Indonesia, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and HPV vaccination demonstration programs are underway in several provinces, but the HPV vaccine has not yet been introduced nationally. Since students are an important source of information for the community, and medical and nursing students are the future healthcare professionals, this study explored the knowledge, attitude, and acceptability of the HPV vaccine among University students in Indonesia.Methodology: A self-administered online questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and willingness of University students toward HPV vaccination.Result: A total of 433 students from Medical, Nursing, Social Sciences, and other faculties participated in the survey. It was identified that over 90% of the students were aware of cervical cancer and HPV, but only 68% knew about the HPV vaccine before participating in the study. Despite an average knowledge on the HPV vaccine, the students showed a strong willingness to receive the vaccine (95.8% acceptance rate). They believed that the HPV vaccine is safe and effective and that it will protect against HPV infection. The high cost and the lack of adequate information flow on HPV-related topics have been identified as potential barriers to the adoption of the HPV vaccine in Indonesia.Conclusion: Despite a high willingness for HPV vaccine uptake among students, there is a need to provide education on HPV vaccine-related topics to Indonesian students through awareness and training programs and improving the academic curriculum on vaccination for the long-term sustainability of the HPV vaccination program.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, Awareness and Attitude of Medical Students Regarding HPV Infection and HPV Vaccination

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care ◽

10.31557/apjcc.2021.6.1.41-46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Aparna Narayana Gollu ◽

Chaitali Ashutosh Gore

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Medical Students ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Female Students ◽

Male Students ◽

P Value ◽

Women In India

Background: Cervical cancer is the second commonest cancer among women in India and accounts for 6-29% of cancers among women in India. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) is a causative agent of the disease. Recent advances in technology have led to introduction of vaccine to prevent HPV infection. The current study aims to assess the awareness among medical students about HPV infection as a causative factor for cervical cancer and their knowledge about HPV vaccination. Assessing the knowledge of vaccination among medical students helps us to understand the level of awareness regarding the same among future doctors.Methods: A questionnaire based study was done on 150 MBBS students from 2nd and 3rd year of Vydehi Medical College, Bangalore,Karnataka, India. Questionnaire consisted of 16 questions of multiple choice type and results were analysed using percentages and chi square test. P value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Knowledge regarding HPV as a causative agent for cervical cancer was found in 67 (95.7%) of male students and 79 (98.8%) of female students with no statistically significant difference. Awareness about availability of HPV vaccine was seen in 66 (82.5%) females as compared to 50 (71.4%) males with a p value of 0.078, which was not statistically significant. Complete vaccination status was seen in 3 (4.3%) male students and 11 (13.8%) female students with a p value of 0.041 and this association was statistically significant. 1 (1.42%) male student and 1 (1.25%) female student received incomplete vaccination. 25 (35.7%) males and 74 (92.5%) females were willing to get vaccinated with HPV vaccine with p value 0.000, and the association was statistically significant. Conclusion: There was good knowledge among medical students regarding cervical cancer and its prevention. But knowledge regarding HPV vaccine was poor among both males and females. Willingness to get vaccinated in male students was very less compared to female students.

Download Full-text

Knowledge about cervical cancer and awareness about human papillomavirus vaccination among medical students in Jordan

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11611

Author(s):

Mervat M. Alsous ◽

Ahlam Ali ◽

Sayer Al-Azzam ◽

Reema Karasneh ◽

Haneen Amawi

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Medical Students ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Level Of Knowledge ◽

School Girls

Objectives To assess the knowledge about cervical cancer and HPV infection and the awareness towards and perceived barriers of HPV vaccination amid medical students in Jordan. Methods The present study is a cross-sectional survey that was conducted for a period of three months in the College of Medicine at six different universities in Jordan. Third-year to sixth-year students from these medical colleges in Jordan were invited to participate in the study. Results There were 504 students that took part in the study with 42.3% being males and 57.7% females. The mean knowledge score of students in our survey was 21.4 ± 4.4 out of 34, which was categorized as a moderate level of knowledge regarding cervical cancer and HPV. Only 40.5% knew about the availability of the HPV vaccine in Jordan, and 65.9% accepted the idea that it is necessary to introduce the HPV vaccine for school girls in Jordan. Conclusions This study highlights that there is inadequate knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening among medical students in Jordan. Despite the limited awareness about the HPV vaccine among the study’s participants, there is a favorable opinion towards the introduction of the vaccine for school girls in Jordan. The data provide a benchmark on the level of knowledge about cervical cancer and awareness about HPV, which can be used to formulate an effective awareness program.

Download Full-text

Surgical Treatment of Vulvar HSIL: Adjuvant HPV Vaccine Reduces Recurrent Disease

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9020083 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Alessandro Ghelardi ◽

Roberto Marrai ◽

Giorgio Bogani ◽

Francesco Sopracordevole ◽

Paola Bay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Hpv Vaccine ◽

Recurrent Disease ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Clinical Effectiveness ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Hpv Test ◽

Significant Difference

Data suggest that adjuvant human papillomavirus (HPV)-vaccination in women treated for cervical HPV diseases reduces recurrent disease. This study investigates adjuvant HPV-vaccination and the rate of recurrence in women undergoing surgery for vulvar high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL). From January 2013 to April 2020, we enrolled 149 women in a prospective case-control study. The control group (NV-group) was treated by standard surgery alone, while the study group received adjuvant vaccination soon after surgery (V-group). A follow-up was performed by vulvoscopy and HPV test. Statistical analysis was performed by Fisher’s exact test. HSIL recurrence was observed in 24/76 (32%) patients in NV-group and in 8/42 patients (19%) of the vaccinated group. By analysing the recurrence rate related to the incident and reactivated latent HPV infection, we found a significant difference between (17/76) 22.3% in NV-group and (2/42) 4.8% in V-group (p = 0.01). A reduction of 78.5% in incident/reactivated HPV infections was demonstrated. Data results add to the current knowledge about the mechanism of post-surgical adjuvant HPV vaccination. Our prospective study is the first to document the vaccine clinical effectiveness in preventing “reactivation” of latent HPV infections. Quadrivalent HPV vaccine administered after the surgical treatment for vulvar HSIL appears to be useful in preventing recurrent disease.

Download Full-text