scholarly journals Accommodative Response in Patients with Central Field Loss: A Matched Case-Control Study

Vision ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ali Mazyed Alsaqr ◽  
Hisham AlShareef ◽  
Faisal Alhajri ◽  
Ali Abusharha ◽  
Raied Fagehi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Central Field ◽  
Accommodative Response ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Accommodative Lag ◽  
Moderate Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the accommodative response in young participants with visual impairment in comparison with visually normal participants. Methods: Fifteen participants with confirmed visual impairment and 30 visually normal participants aged 12–15 years were recruited. Accommodative response was measured using autorefractor (Grand Seiko WV500) at distances of accommodative demand of 33, 25, and 20 cm. The targets were one-line-above participant threshold acuity. The participants’ accommodative responses were compared between both groups after calibration for refractive errors and the vertex distance of the glasses. Visual acuity and refractive status were also assessed. Results: The age was not significantly different between both participant groups. The visual acuity of visually impaired patients was 6/30 to 6/240, and that of visually normal participants was 6/7.5 or better. Ten of the visually impaired patients and 29 of visually normal participants were myopic. In total, 61–73% of visually impaired patients showed an accommodative lead. Five subtypes of accommodative response were observed. In general, the accommodative inaccuracy increased with increasing accommodative demand. However, the visually normal participants largely exhibited an accommodative lag. A mild-to-moderate relationship was observed between visual acuity and accommodative response (r = 0.3–0.5, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Accommodative response in young visually impaired patients can be variable and on an individual basis. Low vision specialists should anticipate accommodative response outside the normal range. Therefore, we shall consider evaluating each patient’s accommodative response before prescribing any near addition lenses. Accommodation inaccuracy is often more complex than predicted due to increased depth of focus caused by reduced visual acuity.

scholarly journals Implications of a Remote Study of Children With Cerebral Visual Impairment for Conducting Virtual Pediatric Eye Care Research: Virtual Assessment Is Possible for Children With CVI

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Almagati ◽  
Barry S. Kran
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Typically Developing Children ◽  
Parent Questionnaire ◽  
Low Vision Clinic ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Vision Function ◽  
E Mail

The Pandemic of 2020 impacted conducting in-person research. Our proposed project already had an asynchronous online component but was later morphed to add a synchronous online component, thereby eliminating the need for in-person assessment. The project compares the results of various tests between a group of children with Cerebral Visual Impairments (CVI) (N = 4) and an age-matched sample of children without CVI (N = 3) from a pediatric low vision clinic. This model was trialed with a small convenient sample of typically developing children in the same age range (N = 4). Given the positive feedback, recruitment for the larger study was done via encrypted e-mail rather than through traditional mailing. The asynchronous components included recruitment, pre-assessment information, the Flemish CVI questionnaire, Vineland-3 comprehensive parent questionnaire for assessment of age equivalent, and vision function tests, such as contrast sensitivity. The synchronous components were administered via Zoom telehealth provided by necoeyecare.org and included assessment of visual acuity via the Freiburg Visual Acuity and Contrast Test (FrACT) electronic software and assessment of visual perceptual batteries via the Children’s Visual Impairment Test for developmental ages 3–6-years (CVIT 3–6). Our virtual testing protocol was successful in the seven participants tested. This paper reviews and critiques the model that we utilized and discusses ways in which this model can be improved. Aside from public health considerations during the pandemic, this approach is more convenient for many families. In a broader perspective, this approach can be scaled for larger N studies of rare conditions, such as CVI without being confined by proximity to the researcher.

The Effects on Visually Impaired Children of Viewing Fluorescent Stimuli under Black-Light Conditions

1998 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. LaGrow ◽  
J-P Leung ◽  
S. Leung ◽  
P. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
White Light ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Visual Performance ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Black Light ◽  
High Acuity ◽  
Impaired Children ◽  
Visually Impaired Children

In this study, 30 children with low vision (divided into a high and a low visual acuity group) were presented with stimuli under four conditions (white stimuli-white light, orange stimuli-white light, white stimuli-black light, and orange stimuli-black light) and were asked to rank their preferences for the four conditions. The goal was to determine the effects of the various combinations of stimuli and lighting on the children's visual performance. The orange stimuli viewed under black light resulted in the best performance overall, benefited the low-acuity group more than the high-acuity group, and was the most-preferred condition for both groups.

scholarly journals Causes of vision impairment and assessment of need for low vision services for students of blind schools in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kansakar ◽  
HB Thapa ◽  
KC Salma ◽  
S Ganguly ◽  
RP Kandel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Vision Impairment ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Childhood Blindness ◽  
Vision Assessment ◽  
Low Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
One Year

Background: The present study is first of its kind to evaluate causes of visual impairment of blind students in Nepal and assess their need for low vision rehabilitation services. Aim: To evaluate causes of vision impairment of students enrolled in blind schools in Nepal and assess the need for low vision rehabilitation services in these students. Materials and methods: A survey was conducted in 12 blind schools in Nepal, which were registered with Nepal Association for Welfare of Blindness (NAWB).It was conducted by a team of an ophthalmologist and an optometrist, by using standard eye examination protocols of the World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness Program (WHO/ PBL). Results: Of the 345 students enrolled in 12 schools, 285 students were examined (response rate of 82.61%). The students were in the 5 - 29 years age group. Nearly three-fourth of the children had become blind within one year of age and 52.3% visually impaired at birth and 20.7% developed vision impairment within one year of age. After refraction, 26 students (9.12%) had mild visual impairment, 21 students (7.37%) had severe visual impairment and 238 students (83.51%) were blind. The main cause of vision impairment was found to be corneal 35.79% and retina diseases, mainly dystrophy, 20.35% followed by problems with the whole globe, lens and optic nerve, accounting for 13.33%, 12.63% and 12.98% respectively. The major etiological factors were those of childhood such as Vitamin A deficiency, measles and similar causes (42.11%) followed by hereditary causes (25.26%). Of the total students examined, 48.07% were visually impaired due to preventable causes and 16.14% treatable aggregating to 64.21% of avoidable blindness. Fifty seven (28.22%) students could read smaller than 2 M print size after low vision assessment for near and 33(15.78%) students benefited with telescopic trial for distance low vision. Conclusion: In Nepal, renewed focus on providing best possible quality of life for visually impaired children by proper low vision assessment and eye health education focusing on, general public and community health workers, with governmental and institutional support is required to achieve Vision 2020 objectives to decrease childhood blindness. Key words: childhood blindness, Nepal, blind school study, low vision, vision impairment    doi: 10.3126/kumj.v7i1.1764       Kathmandu University Medical Journal (2009), Vol. 7, No. 1, Issue 25, 44-49        

scholarly journals Exploring the patient perspective of fatigue in adults with visual impairment: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e015023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Schakel ◽  
Christina Bode ◽  
Hilde P A van der Aa ◽  
Carel T J Hulshof ◽  
Judith E Bosmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Patient Perspective ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Research Question ◽  
External Support ◽  
Future Research

ObjectivesFatigue is an often mentioned symptom by patients with irreversible visual impairment. This study explored the patient perspective of fatigue in visually impaired adults with a focus on symptoms of fatigue, causes, consequences and coping strategies.SettingTwo large Dutch low vision multidisciplinary rehabilitation organisations.Participants16 visually impaired adults with severe symptoms of fatigue selected by purposive sampling.MethodsA qualitative study involving semistructured interviews. A total of four first-level codes were top–down predetermined in correspondence with the topics of the research question. Verbatim transcribed interviews were analysed with a combination of a deductive and inductive approach using open and axial coding.ResultsParticipants often described the symptoms of fatigue as a mental, daily and physical experience. The most often mentioned causes of fatigue were a high cognitive load, the intensity and amount of activities, the high effort necessary to establish visual perception, difficulty with light intensity and negative cognitions. Fatigue had the greatest impact on the ability to carry out social roles and participation, emotional functioning and cognitive functioning. The most common coping strategies were relaxation, external support, socialising and physical exercise and the acceptance of fatigue.ConclusionsOur results indicate that low vision-related fatigue is mainly caused by population specific determinants that seem different from the fatigue experience described in studies with other patient populations. Fatigue may be central to the way patients react, adapt and compensate to the consequences of vision loss. These findings indicate a need for future research aimed at interventions specifically tailored to the unique aspects of fatigue related to vision loss.

Visual Impairment and Rehabilitation Needs of Nursing Home Residents

1995 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Horowitz ◽  
E. Balistreri ◽  
C. Stuen ◽  
R. Fangmeier
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Staten Island ◽  
Rehabilitation Training ◽  
Orientation And Mobility ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs

This article reports on the prevalence and rehabilitation needs of visually impaired residents of nursing homes, based on optometric examinations of 136 residents of a nursing home in Staten Island, NY. The results indicate that about half the residents were at least moderately visually impaired and almost one-third were potential candidates for low vision assessments, or rehabilitation training, or orientation and mobility services.

scholarly journals Optometric low vision rehabilitation practice in Norway - public health care

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Bodil Helland ◽  
Vibeke Sundling
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Optical Correction ◽  
Low Vision Rehabilitation ◽  
Vision Rehabilitation

The purpose was to describe the patient characteristics, the prescribing trends and habits among the public health care optometrists who perform low vision rehabilitation in Norway. Data were collected using a questionnaire to gather background details of the optometrist, and a practice registration form to register patient characteristics and information about the low vision device(s) prescribed. Both forms were distributed to 44 public health care optometrists. A total of 30 questionnaires and 20 practice registration forms were returned. This included data for 147 patients with visual impairment. Moderate to severe visual impairment according to The World Health Organization (WHO)’s definition (visual acuity ≤ 6/18) was present in 82 (59%) of the patients. Three out of four (75%) patients did not have sufficient vision for reading. Distance visual acuity was improved with best optical correction in 39 (28%) of the patients compared to the presenting visual acuity. The most frequently prescribed optical devices for near and distance vision were hand magnifiers and filters/tinted lenses respectively. Optometrists play an important role in vision rehabilitation of older people attending the low vision services.  A number of the patients seen in low vision services are referred from non-eye care professionals and achieve improved vision with appropriate optical correction. Others are only mildly visually impaired with adequate optical correction alone. This indicates a potential to use general optometric practice as the first step for vision rehabilitation, as a number of people are only mildly visually impaired with adequate optical correction.

scholarly journals Remote vision testing: Validation of a simple home-printable vision screening test for telemedicine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D Crossland ◽  
Tessa M Dekker ◽  
Joanne Hancox ◽  
Matteo Lisi ◽  
Thomas A Wemyss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
Acuity Test

Objectives: to develop and validate a simple paper vision test (the Home Acuity Test or HAT) for ophthalmology telemedicine appointments, which can be used by people who are digitally excluded. Design: Bland Altman analysis of the HAT chart, compared to the last measured visual acuity on a standard clinical test. Setting: Routine outpatient ophthalmology telemedicine clinics in a tertiary centre. Participants: 50 control subjects with no eye disease and 100 consecutive adult ophthalmology outpatients from strabismus and low vision telemedicine clinics. Participants were excluded if they reported subjective changes in their vision. Main outcome measures: For control participants, test/retest variability of the HAT and agreement with standard logMAR visual acuity measurement. For ophthalmology outpatients, agreement with the last recorded clinic visual acuity and with ICD11 visual impairment category. Results: For control participants, HAT test/retest variability was -0.012 logMAR (95% CI: -0.25 to 0.11 logMAR). Agreement with standard vision charts was -0.14 logMAR, with a 95% confidence interval of -0.39 to +0.12 logMAR (figure 3). For ophthalmology outpatients, agreement in visual acuity was -0.10 logMAR (one line on a conventional logMAR sight chart), with the HAT indicating poorer vision than the previous clinic test. The 95% confidence interval for difference was -0.44 to +0.24 logMAR. Agreement in visual impairment category was good for patients (Cohen's K test, K = 0.77 (95% CI, 0.74 to 0.81), and control participants (Cohen's K test, K = 0.88 (95% CI, 0.88 to 0.88). Conclusions The HAT can be used to measure vision by telephone for a wide range of ophthalmology outpatients with diverse conditions, including those who are severely visually impaired. Test/retest variability is low and agreement in visual impairment category is good.

scholarly journals Prevalence of visual impairment among school children in three primary schools of Sekela Woreda, Amhara regional state, north-west Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 205031211984976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengistu Zelalem ◽  
Yekoye Abebe ◽  
Yilikal Adamu ◽  
Tewodros Getinet
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Color Vision ◽  
School Children ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Color Vision Deficiency ◽  
Factors Associated

Background: Although there are limited studies, recent data are lacking to determine the prevalence of eye problems in Ethiopia accurately and there is no scientific evidence of such study in Sekela Woreda. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children in Sekela Woreda, Ethiopia. Methods: The study design was a community-based analytical cross-sectional with a multi-stage cluster random sampling technique from September to November 2016.Visual acuity was tested using Snellen’s “E” chart while color vision was tested using Ishihara chart. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software, and binary logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with visual impairment. Results: A total of 875 participants, 466 (53.3%) males and 409 (46.7%) females, with an age range of 8–18 years were screened for visual acuity and color vision deficiency. The prevalence of visual impairment (visual acuity ⩽ 6/12) in “either eye” was 70 (8.0%). Among these, 37 (52.9%) were males and 33 (41.1%) were females. The prevalence of low vision (visual acuity [Formula: see text]) and blindness (visual acuity < 3/60) in “either eye” were 28 (3.2%) and 10 (1.1%), respectively. Thirty two (3.7%) had mild visual impairment [Formula: see text]. The prevalence of color vision deficiency was 36 (4.1%). Among these, 27 (3%) were males and 9 (1.1%) were females. The variables age (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.14 (1.01–1.28) and color blindness (adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 3.93(1.69–9.09) were significantly associated with visual impairment. Conclusion: The prevalence of blindness and low vision in school children were higher than the national prevalence in Ethiopia. Increasing age and color defective vision were factors associated with the children’s visual impairment. The Woreda health office ought to work with responsible stakeholders to tackle the situation in early childhood.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Visual Acuity Impairment among School Children at Arada Subcity Primary Schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haile Fentahun Darge ◽  
Getahun Shibru ◽  
Abiy Mulugeta ◽  
Yinebeb Mezgebu Dagnachew
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Low Vision ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background. Visual impairment and blindness are major public health problems in developing countries where there is no enough health-care service. Objective. To determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children. Materials and Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 June 2015 and 30 November 2015 at Arada subcity primary schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Two schools were selected randomly, and 378 students were screened from grades 1 to 8 using systematic random sampling method. Snellen chart was used for visual acuity test. Students who had visual acuity of ≤6/12 were further examined by an ophthalmologist to diagnose the reason for low vision. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 378 students were screened, and 192 (50.8%) were females and the remaining 186 (49.2%) were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VA) of ≤6/12 on either eye was 5.8%, VA < 6/18 on either eye was 1.1%, and VA < 6/18 on the better eye was 0.53%. In this study, color blindness [OR: 19.65, 95% CI (6.01–64.33)] was significantly associated with visual acuity impairment. Conclusion. The prevalence of visual impairment among school children in the study area was 5.8% and school screening is recommended.

Reading Speed under Real and Simulated Visual Impairment

1983 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 386-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof C. Krischer ◽  
Ralf Meissen
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Central Field ◽  
Normal Visual Field ◽  
Partially Sighted

The reading speed of subjects was studied under conditions of simulated and real visual impairment. For subjects with normal visual field and average reading speeds, two types of visual impairment were simulated: cataracts and deteriorated retinas. Three groups of partially sighted persons also were studied: those with normal visual fields, those with defects in peripheral fields, and those with defects in the central field. The results for these three groups were similar to those obtained under conditions of simulated visual impairment. The authors conclude that reading speed depends on visual acuity.

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