scholarly journals Dynamics of Biocorrosion in Copper Pipes under Actual Drinking Water Conditions

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1036
Author(s):  
Carlos Galarce ◽  
Diego Fischer ◽  
Beatriz Díez ◽  
Ignacio T. Vargas ◽  
Gonzalo E. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Water System ◽  
Sampling Time ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Microbially Influenced Corrosion ◽  
Plumbing Systems ◽  
One Year

Deficient disinfection systems enable bacteria to form in drinking water; these can invade plumbing systems even if the pipes are composed of antibacterial materials such as copper. Severe copper corrosion by microorganisms and their subsequent release into the water system are evidenced by the blue water phenomenon. Proper monitoring and control can reduce such undesirable effects on water quality. However, a lack of data from analysis under actual conditions has limited the development of useful predictive tools and preventive strategies. In this work, an experimental aging system was connected to a drinking water network affected by the blue water phenomenon. The microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) was evaluated by studying the dynamics of the formed bacterial community and its relationship with copper corrosion and the release of copper. The results suggest that the conformation and composition of the biofilm attached to the surface influence the measured parameters. The corrosion rate was variable throughout the sampling time, with the highest value recorded after one year of aging. The composition of biofilms also changed with time; however, the genus Pseudomonas was ubiquitous over the sampling time. No relationship between the corrosion rate and the biofilm age was observed, thereby suggesting that MIC is a dynamic phenomenon that requires further study.

Accuracy in water losses estimation in the distribution network - the Paris case

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Distribution Network ◽  
Water System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Network ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
One Year ◽  
Water Metering

The yield of a distribution network represents one of the indicators most commonly used by water distributors to account for the state of the volumes of losses over a given period or to measure the evolution of these losses from one year to the next, generally speaking. However, contrary to what might be thought, complex situations and very differing interpretations are to be found on the back of the result of the calculation of the volumes of water lost in the distribution network. A study of drinking water network yield was carried out in Paris in 2001 so as to get a better grasp of the developments recorded since 1987. The consequences of the changes that have taken place during this period have each been measured: alterations to the organisation of the water system, developments affecting the structure of the supply system, technical improvements in the wholesale water metering systems and overall reduction in volumes consumed.

scholarly journals Experience, training and confidence among small, non-community drinking water system operators in Ontario, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Pons ◽  
Scott A. McEwen ◽  
Katarina Pintar ◽  
Andria Jones-Bitton ◽  
Ian Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Ongoing Training ◽  
One Year ◽  
Training Opportunities

The water operator plays an important role in water safety; however, little published research exists that has examined this role. The purpose of this study was to develop a greater understanding of the experience, existing knowledge, confidence and future training needs of the small, non-community drinking water operator in Ontario in order to help guide future outreach and training opportunities. A cross-sectional telephone survey of 332 small, non-community drinking water operators in Ontario was conducted in July and August 2011. Survey questions pertained to respondents' experience as operators, formal training, perceived importance of water safety issues, confidence in handling water safety issues, and future training needs. Approximately 16% (54/330) of respondents had one year or less experience as a water operator, and 60% (199/332) reported that being a water operator was not a chosen profession. Only 37% (124/332) of operators reported completing operator training. Respondents reported a preference for online training courses or on-site training (compared with a classroom setting). Low training rates, inexperience, and in certain situations, low confidence, among many small water system operators highlight a need to provide continued support to the development of ongoing training opportunities in this population.

Corrosion Inhibition of Brass by Biochemical Process in Circulating Cooling Water System

2021 ◽  
Vol 1032 ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Qi Yuan Gu ◽  
Xue Tao Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Water System ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Aeration Intensity ◽  
Circulating Cooling Water ◽  
Full Factor Experimental Design

Controlling the corrosion rate of metal materials is one of the key issues in circulating cooling water treatment. In recent years, the treatment of circulating cooling water by microorganisms has become a research hotspot. Compared with the traditional chemical treatment, microbial treatment is an environmentally friendly technology. In this paper, the effects of ammonia nitrogen concentration, microbial dosage and aeration intensity on copper corrosion rate were studied. In order to analyze the experimental data more comprehensively, a full factor experimental design was used to investigate the effects of ammonia nitrogen concentration, microbial dosage and aeration intensity on copper corrosion. The corrosion rate of copper was less than the national standard (< 0.005 mm / a), in which ammonia nitrogen concentration and aeration intensity were significant factors (P < 0.05), and the interaction between ammonia nitrogen concentration and aeration intensity was also significant (P < 0.05), After optimization, the regression rate of the model increased from 85.02% to 92.41%.

Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
System P ◽  
Public Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

Water treatment to reduce internal corrosion in the drinking water distribution system in Oslo

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Hem ◽  
E.A. Vik ◽  
A. Bjørnson-Langen
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Copper Corrosion ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Internal Corrosion

In 1995 the new Skullerud water treatment plant was put into operation. The new water treatment includes colour removal and corrosion control with an increase of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in addition to the old treatment, which included straining and chlorination only. Comparative measurements of internal corrosion were conducted before and after the installation of the new treatment plant. The effect of the new water treatment on the internal corrosion was approximately a 20% reduction in iron corrosion and a 70% reduction in copper corrosion. The heavy metals content in standing water was reduced by approximately 90%. A separate internal corrosion monitoring programme was conducted, studying the effects of other water qualities on the internal corrosion rate. Corrosion coupons were exposed to the different water qualities for nine months. The results showed that the best protection of iron was achieved with water supersaturated with calcium carbonate. Neither a high content of free carbon dioxide or the use of the corrosion inhibitor sodium silicate significantly reduced the iron corrosion rate compared to the present treated water quality. The copper corrosion rate was mainly related to the pH in the water.

scholarly journals Assessing clarity of message communication for mandated USEPA drinking water quality reports

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Phetxumphou ◽  
Siddhartha Roy ◽  
Brenda M. Davy ◽  
Paul A. Estabrooks ◽  
Wen You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water System ◽  
System Size ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Index Index ◽  
State Of The Science

The United States Environmental Protection Agency mandates that community water systems (CWSs), or drinking water utilities, provide annual consumer confidence reports (CCRs) reporting on water quality, compliance with regulations, source water, and consumer education. While certain report formats are prescribed, there are no criteria ensuring that consumers understand messages in these reports. To assess clarity of message, trained raters evaluated a national sample of 30 CCRs using the Centers for Disease Control Clear Communication Index (Index) indices: (1) Main Message/Call to Action; (2) Language; (3) Information Design; (4) State of the Science; (5) Behavioral Recommendations; (6) Numbers; and (7) Risk. Communication materials are considered qualifying if they achieve a 90% Index score. Overall mean score across CCRs was 50 ± 14% and none scored 90% or higher. CCRs did not differ significantly by water system size. State of the Science (3 ± 15%) and Behavioral Recommendations (77 ± 36%) indices were the lowest and highest, respectively. Only 63% of CCRs explicitly stated if the water was safe to drink according to federal and state standards and regulations. None of the CCRs had passing Index scores, signaling that CWSs are not effectively communicating with their consumers; thus, the Index can serve as an evaluation tool for CCR effectiveness and a guide to improve water quality communications.

scholarly journals Influence of an Extended Domestic Drinking Water System on the Drinking Water Quality

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Zlatanović ◽  
Aleksandra Knezev ◽  
Jan van der Hoek ◽  
Jan Vreeburg
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water System

Removal of N-nitrosamine precursors in drinking water system using adsorption methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 972-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qihua Wu ◽  
Honglan Shi ◽  
Yinfa Ma ◽  
Craig Adams ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water System ◽  
Drinking Water System

scholarly journals Water intake of pigs consuming tiamulin during the nursery phase1

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A Vonnahme ◽  
Adam Mueller ◽  
Daniel A Nelson ◽  
Manuel Alexander Vasquez-Hidalgo ◽  
Deborah Amodie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Daily Water Intake ◽  
Original Product ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Abstract Mass medication to manage population health can be achieved by providing therapeutics in the drinking water. Young nursery pigs are highly sensitive to the flavor and smell of water. Medications that reduce water palatability often lead to an interruption in water and feed intake. With the availability of several generic water-soluble antimicrobials for pigs, questions have arisen about their palatability compared with the original product. In this study, we compared the intake of water containing tiamulin hydrogen fumarate from two different manufacturers with the intake of unmedicated water. The hypothesis was that the intake of tiamulin-containing water would be similar to unmedicated water. Water intake was monitored upon entry into the nursery and just prior to leaving the nursery. Also, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (FE) were determined. A total of 300 pigs were individually weighed (4.2–10.9 kg; avg = 6.8 kg) for randomization to pen (n = 30 pens). The experiment had two time points: 1) early nursery (periods 1–3) and 2) late nursery (period 4). Pens were randomly assigned to a sequence (period 1–3) in a crossover experimental design containing three 10-d periods, with 5 d for the resetting of baseline where unmedicated water was provided followed by 5 d on tiamulin source addition [i.e., TriamuloxTM (Zoetis, Parsippany, NJ); Denagard (Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN)] or unmedicated water. After period 3 was concluded, all pens were given unmedicated water (via nipple waterers) and the number of pigs per pen was reduced to six pigs to maintain adequate space per pig. Ten days prior to pigs leaving the nursery, a fourth period was performed. After a 5-d water baseline was achieved, pens were treated with either unmedicated water or Triamulox- or Denagard-containing water. Pigs had ad libitum access to water and feed. During the testing periods, daily water intake was measured by a cup water system in each pen. Feed intake was measured every 5 d. There was no effect of treatment on initial body weights or weights at the beginning or end of each period (P ≥ 0.51). Therefore, there was no effect of treatment on ADG (P ≥ 0.23). Water intake (P ≥ 0.16) and FE (P ≥ 0.35) were not affected by treatment. Water consumption was similar among all treatments in each of the four periods. There appears to be no aversion to water intake when tiamulin hydrogen fumarate is added to the drinking water.

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