scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Growth and Nutrient Removal Effects of Five Green Microalgae in Simulated Domestic Sewage

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3613
Author(s):  
Li Ji ◽  
Qili Ge ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Yifan Gao ◽  
Shulian Xie
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Parachlorella Kessleri ◽  
Good Potential

Microalgae have shown great potential in wastewater treatment. This study evaluates the growth and nutrient removal characteristics of five different microalgae strains, namely Chlorella vulgaris, Tetradesmus obliquus, Parachlorella kessleri, Hydrodictyon sp., and Scenedesmus quadricauda, in simulated domestic wastewater. The five microalgae could adapt to wastewater, but the growth potential and nitrogen removal capacity were species dependent. The nutrient removal effect of the microalgae used in this experiment was about 50% in the first two days. Parachlorella kessleri, selected from the five strains of green algae, shows good potential in removing nutrients from simulated domestic wastewater. For the simulated domestic sewage treated with Parachlorella kessleri, the chemical oxygen demand was almost completely reduced, and ammonium-N (NH4-N) and total nitrogen (TN) removal exceeded 70% at the end of the 10-day treatment. Total phosphorus (TP) removal was slightly worse, more than 65%. Parachlorella kessleri showed the best growth in sewage with the highest biomass reaching 366.67 mg L−1 and the highest specific growth rate reaching 0.538 d−1. This study can provide a reference for selecting suitable microalgae species to treat actual domestic sewage.

scholarly journals Comparison Study of Different BOD Tests in the Determination of BOD7Evaluated in a Model Domestic Sewage

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katri Roppola ◽  
Toivo Kuokkanen ◽  
Jaakko Rämö ◽  
Hanna Prokkola ◽  
Eeva Heiska
Keyword(s):  
Impact Evaluation ◽  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Practical Impact

The aim of this research was to study the suitability of a manometric respirometric test (OECD 301F) for the determination of biological oxygen demand (BOD) in domestic wastewater. This was done by comparing four different BOD tests (a manometric respirometric test, oxygen sensor determination, iodometric titration, and UV absorption measurement) and by evaluating the BOD7value after a short-term measurement applying the manometric respirometric test. Measurements were done in three dif-ferent laboratories. The respirometric test was performed well on municipal sewage, and the precision of results was good. There were minor deviations between BOD7values as determined by the different methods, but the deviations were not essentially big enough to have a practical impact. Evaluation of the BOD7value after two or three days' incubation by the respirometric method was shown to work well; average deviations between measured and evaluated values after three days' incubation were 5–18%. Hence, the manometric respirometric test proved to be a rapid and suitable tool for process control purposes.

scholarly journals Removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from Domestic Wastewater Using Hybrid Reed Bed System

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 1226-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Hamed Jehawi ◽  
Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah ◽  
Mushrifah Idris ◽  
Hassimi Abu Hasan ◽  
Nadya Hussin A.L. Sbania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Flow Process ◽  
Implementation Costs ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Better Than

Hybrid reed bed systems (HRBs) have a good potential for wastewater treatment in developing countries due to its simple operation and low implementation costs. HRBs units were constructed at Bukit Putri, in UKM university campus, Malaysia, of which were planted with Scirpus grossus plants, commonly known as club-rush or bulrush (water loving plants). Generally, HRBs are classified into two categories: surface-flow and subsurface-flow. Both systems are capable of removing Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) from different types of wastewaters. The aim of this study was to determine the percentage removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at different concentration of domestic wastewater by using a HRB systems. This hybrid system was arranged in a serial stages consisting of a surface-flow (SF) bed, followed by a vertical-flow (VF) bed and finally by a horizontal-flow (HF) bed. In the present study, the performance of the HRB on domestic wastewater, particularly on COD, with and without plants was investigated. It is observed that the planted system with Scirpus grossus had performed better than the unplanted system. The result shows that the COD removal varied between 60 and 92%, depending on the loading rates (53-86 mg/L/day). The treatment system was operated for three months in the continuous flow process. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the HRB system ensures a more stable removal of organic pollutants (COD) from domestic wastewaters.

Nutrient removal using anaerobically fermented leachate of food waste in the BNR process

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Y. Lee ◽  
H.S. Shin ◽  
S.R. Chae ◽  
S.Y. Nam ◽  
B.C. Paik
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Removal Efficiencies ◽  
Molecular Size Distribution

Nutrients removal efficiencies highly depend on the presence of biodegradable organic carbon in the biological nutrient removal (BNR) process but most domestic wastewater in Korea has shown a low C/N ratio and has a small amount of biodegradable COD (chemical oxygen demand). On the other hand, about 11,577 tons of food waste that contains a lot of organic material has been produced in Korea per day. The feasibility and applicability of anaerobically fermented leachate of food waste (AFLFW) as an external carbon source was examined in the laboratory-scale BNR process at different operation conditions with synthetic wastewater and domestic sewage. As the addition of AFLFW increased, the average removal efficiencies of SCOD, T-N, T-P changed from 96%, 60%, and 2% to 90%, 77%, and 67%, respectively. From anoxic nitrate utilization tests, it was observed that once the readily biodegradable COD (especially VFAs) was depleted, the denitrification rate reduced from 8.2 mg NO3-N/g VSS/hr to 0.7 mg NO3-N/g VSS/hr. From the molecular size distribution test, it was concluded that about 60% of soluble COD in effluent, which was considered to originate from AFLFW, had a large molecular size (> 30kDa) that was not used by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Effect of Volume Loading Rate and C/N on Ship Domestic Sewage Treatment by Two Membrane Bioreactors

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-339
Author(s):  
Yuhang Cai ◽  
Asad A. Zaidi ◽  
Peiqi Sun ◽  
Yue Shi ◽  
Kun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Reactor ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Volume Loading ◽  
Interesting Phenomenon

Design of ship sewage treatment systems that not only satisfy the use of small space on board but also meets International Maritime Organisation (IMO) latest emission standards is still a challenging problem for ship industry. This study provides a comparative disquisition between two different MBR reactors i.e, air-lift multilevel circulation membrane reactor (AMCMBR) and anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic membrane reactor (AOA-MBR) for domestic sewage treatment. The influence of pollutants volume loading rate (VLR) and C/N on effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and TN for marine domestic sewage was analyzed. The results revealed that AMCMBR showed better removal efficiencies for COD and TN than AOA-MBR. The volume of AMCMBR was only half of the AOA-MBR. In addition, high average value of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS)/mixed liquid suspended solids (MLSS) (i.e. 0.75) of AMCMBR indicated high biomass and good pollutants removal achieved by this reactor. An interesting phenomenon was found in the study regarding Urease activity for the two reactors. Urease activity for AMCMBR in different working conditions all exceeded AOA-MBR and there exist no clear difference of NR activities between AMCMBR and AOA-MBR except for low C/N ratio (i.e. 6 and 4). This phenomenon proved that AMCMBR has a greater performance for treating ship domestic wastewater.

Effect of earthworm loads on organic matter and nutrient removal efficiencies in synthetic domestic wastewater, and on bacterial community structure and diversity in vermifiltration

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Wang ◽  
X. Z. Luo ◽  
Y. M. Zhang ◽  
J. J. Lian ◽  
Y. X. Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Shannon Index

In this paper, we studied the effect of earthworm loads on the removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from synthetic domestic sewage and on the bacterial community structure and diversity of substrates in earthworm packing beds. The different vermifiltrations (VFs), including the control, are successful in removing both organic matter (OM) and nutrients. The removal rate of NH3-N at 12.5 g of earthworm/L of soil VF is higher compared with that at 0 and 4.5 earthworm load VFs. The highest Shannon index, in the earthworm packing bed, occurred at 16.5 earthworm load VF. Furthermore, the COD removal rate is significantly correlated with the Shannon index, which reveals that OM removal for synthetic domestic sewage treatment at VF might be more dependent on bacterial diversity at the earthworm packing bed. The band distributions and diversities of the bacterial community for samples from different earthworm loads in VFs suggest that the bacterial community structure was only affected within the earthworm packing bed when the earthworm load reached a certain level. The present study adds to the current understanding of OM and nutrient degradation processes in VF domestic wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Anaerobic hydrolysis of complex substrates in full-scale aerobic granular sludge: enzymatic activity determined in different sludge fractions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Toja Ortega ◽  
Mario Pronk ◽  
Merle K. de Kreuk
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Hydrolytic Activity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Granule Formation ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract Complex substrates, like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, are major components of domestic wastewater, and yet their degradation in biofilm-based wastewater treatment technologies, such as aerobic granular sludge (AGS), is not well understood. Hydrolysis is considered the rate-limiting step in the bioconversion of complex substrates, and as such, it will impact the utilization of a large wastewater COD (chemical oxygen demand) fraction by the biofilms or granules. To study the hydrolysis of complex substrates within these types of biomass, this paper investigates the anaerobic activity of major hydrolytic enzymes in the different sludge fractions of a full-scale AGS reactor. Chromogenic substrates were used under fully mixed anaerobic conditions to determine lipase, protease, α-glucosidase, and β-glucosidase activities in large granules (>1 mm in diameter), small granules (0.2–1 mm), flocculent sludge (0.045–0.2 mm), and bulk liquid. Furthermore, composition and hydrolytic activity of influent wastewater samples were determined. Our results showed an overcapacity of the sludge to hydrolyze wastewater soluble and colloidal polymeric substrates. The highest specific hydrolytic activity was associated with the flocculent sludge fraction (1.5–7.5 times that of large and smaller granules), in agreement with its large available surface area. However, the biomass in the full-scale reactor consisted of 84% large granules, making the large granules account for 55–68% of the total hydrolytic activity potential in the reactor. These observations shine a new light on the contribution of large granules to the conversion of polymeric COD and suggest that large granules can hydrolyze a significant amount of this influent fraction. The anaerobic removal of polymeric soluble and colloidal substrates could clarify the stable granule formation that is observed in full-scale installations, even when those are fed with complex wastewaters. Key points • Large and small granules contain >70% of the hydrolysis potential in an AGS reactor. • Flocculent sludge has high hydrolytic activity but constitutes <10% VS in AGS. • AGS has an overcapacity to hydrolyze complex substrates in domestic wastewater. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on the Use of Xylit as Filter Material for Domestic Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5281
Author(s):  
Marcin Spychała ◽  
Tadeusz Nawrot ◽  
Radosław Matz
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Filter Material ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Stage Ii ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Preliminary Stage ◽  
Wastewater Quality

The aim of the study was to verify two morphological forms (“angel hair” and “scraps”) of xylit as a trickling filter material. The study was carried out on two types of polluted media: septic tank effluent (STE) and seminatural greywater (GW). The basic wastewater quality indicators, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total suspended solids (TSS), ammonium nitrogen (NNH4), and total phosphorus (Ptot) were used as the indicators of treatment efficiency. Filtering columns filled with the investigated material acted as conventional trickling filters at a hydraulic load of 376–472 cm3/d during the preliminary stage, 198–245 cm3/d during stage I, and 184–223 cm3/d during stage II. The removal efficiency of the two morphological forms of xylit did not differ significantly. The average efficiencies of treatment were as follows: for COD, over 70, 80, and 85% for preliminary stage, stage I and stage II, respectively; for BOD5, 77–79% (preliminary stage); for TSS, 42% and 70% during the preliminary stage, and 88, 91, and 65% during stage I; for NNH4, 97–99% for stage I and 36–49% for stage II; for Ptot, 51–54% for stage I and 52–56% for stage II. The study demonstrated that xylit was a material highly effective in wastewater quality indicators removal, even during the initial period of its use.

scholarly journals Efficiency and Technological Reliability of Contaminant Removal in Household WWTPs with Activated Sludge

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Micek ◽  
Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽  
Michał Marzec ◽  
Agnieszka Listosz ◽  
Tadeusz Grabowski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Polish Law

The results of research on the efficiency and technological reliability of domestic wastewater purification in two household wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with activated sludge are presented in this paper. The studied facilities were located in the territory of the Roztocze National Park (Poland). The mean wastewater flow rate in the WWTPs was 1.0 and 1.6 m3/day. In 2017–2019, 20 series of analyses were done, and 40 wastewater samples were taken. On the basis of the received results, the efficiency of basic pollutant removal was determined. The technological reliability of the tested facilities was specified using the Weibull method. The average removal efficiencies for the biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 66–83% and 62–65%, respectively. Much lower effects were obtained for total suspended solids (TSS) and amounted to 17–48%, while the efficiency of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) removal did not exceed 34%. The analyzed systems were characterized by the reliability of TSS, BOD5, and COD removal at the level of 76–96%. However, the reliability of TN and TP elimination was less than 5%. Thus, in the case of biogenic compounds, the analyzed systems did not guarantee that the quality of treated wastewater would meet the requirements of the Polish law during any period of operation. This disqualifies the discussed technological solution in terms of its wide application in protected areas and near lakes, where the requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus removal are high.

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