scholarly journals Balancing Reproductive and Productive Responsibilities: Childcare Strategies Implemented by Migrant Mothers in the Thailand–Myanmar Border Region

Women ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-296
Author(s):  
Lisa Wight ◽  
Nway Nway Oo ◽  
Naw Pue Pue Mhote ◽  
Supaporn Trongsakul ◽  
Eva Purkey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extended Family ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Female Migrants ◽  
Shared Stories ◽  
Western Border ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Comparative

Background: In Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, conflicts between ethnic minorities, the government, and the military have been ongoing for decades. Enduring unrest has caused thousands to flee to the region around Mae Sot, a city on Thailand’s western border. Women around the world assume a combination of reproductive and productive responsibilities, and during situations of armed conflict and displacement, conditions for women often worsen. This study investigated the parenting experiences of female migrants from Myanmar living in protracted refugee situations in Mae Sot. Methods: This research was part of a mixed-methods international comparative study on the experiences of parenting in adversity. In this analysis, 62 first-person qualitative narratives shared by migrant mothers in the Thailand–Myanmar border region were inductively analyzed using the Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven method. Results: The results highlight how migrant mothers undertake significant reproductive responsibilities, such as breastfeeding and child-rearing, as well as productive responsibilities, including paid labour in the agricultural, formal, and informal sectors. In order to care and provide for their families, female migrants in the Thailand–Myanmar border region utilized four childcare strategies: caring for children while working, caring for children instead of working, dispersing responsibilities amongst extended family members and children, and delegating reproductive responsibilities to formal and non-familial caretakers. Conclusions: Most mothers shared stories in which they or their immediate family members cared for their children, rather than depending on neighbours or formal childminders. Female migrants may face challenges locating desirable work that is compatible with childcare, rendering certain childcare arrangement strategies more prevalent than others. Further research could elucidate these challenges and how opportunities for gainful employment that are conducive to childcare can be generated for women living in protracted refugee situations.

From Vulnerable Health Habitus to Tough Health Habitus Against Covid-19 in Inang-Inang at The Traditional Markets in Medan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-111
Author(s):  
Hadriana Marhaeni Munthe ◽  
Lina Sudarwati
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Economic Resilience ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Urban Markets ◽  
The People ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Strategic Role ◽  
The Government

The term, 'inang-inang pasar' is referred to Bataknese market female vendors who sell basic commodities in the traditional urban markets. They have the image of hard working and tough vendors who fight against poverty in towns. Their activities as vendors in traditional markets indicate their strategic role of women as the agents of economic resilience and the agents of health security in their families. Here, their toughness in supporting their families by being vendors at Sembada traditional market, Medan. However, their toughness becomes a dilemma caused by Covid-19 pandemic. In this case, the government implement prokes (health protocol) from 3Ms to 5 Ms (wearing masks, washing hands, doing social distancing, avoiding crowd, and staying home), including in the area of the traditional markets where they sell their merchandise. The Prokes of Covid-19 in traditional markets have caused various responses from them. The reality is that they have not been ready to practice the policy on this 5 M Prokes since most of them lack of awareness of adhering to it due to the vulnerable of their health habitus. It seems that they can become the carriers and local transmitters of Covid-19. This situation worsens their condition and the people surrounding them such as their own family members. Keywords: Habitus, Covid-19, Inang-Inang, Traditional Market

scholarly journals Appearance and Development of Short-Term Higher Education Vocational Training in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Barbara Máté-Szabó ◽  
Dorina Anna Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Comparative

Abstract Introduction: This article examines the first level of the European higher education system, namely the short-cycle higher education trainings related to the ISCED 5 whose Hungarian characteristics, and its historical changes were described. Methods: We examined participation rates among OECD countries. As there are large differences in the short-cycle higher education trainings in Europe, we have relied on data that makes the different systems comparable. Results and discussion: The interpretation, definition and practical orientation of the trainings varies from country to country, we presented the Hungarian form in connection with the results of international comparative studies and data. To understand the role of trainings, it is essential to get to know their history, especially because short-term higher educational trainings were transformed in several European countries. Conclusions: Prioritising or effacing the social-political role of short-cycle higher education trainings depending on the political orientation of the government and as a part of this, prioritising the disadvantaged regions instead of the disadvantaged students.

scholarly journals Features of Student Employment in the Hungarian-Romanian Cross Border Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-202
Author(s):  
Zsófia KOCSIS
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Student Employment ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Working Students ◽  
Regular Work

Abstract: The aim of the research is to examine student employment, which plays an important role in the lives of university students. According to previous research results, paid work is characterized by an increasing tendency, with occasional and holiday work being characteristic of students, as well as regular work during the semester too. Current research focuses on the characteristics of gainful employment in the Hungarian-Romanian border region. The database PERSIST 2019 (N = 2199) was used, the research took place in higher education institutions in the eastern region of Hungary and in higher education institutions bordering the country. We investigate the differences between the demographic, social and institutional backgrounds of working students. We also analyze the relationships between effectiveness, engagement and student employment. According to our results there are differences between the institutions both in the frequency of employment and in the horizontal fit of work. Hungarian students take up work more often than Romanian students, but study-related work is more typical for Romanian students. However, paid work does not hinder the academic performance of the students and the building of relationships within the institution, it even has a positive impact on the students' university career.

This Seed Will Bear No Fruit

2019 ◽  
pp. 262-283
Author(s):  
Friday A. Eboiyehi
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Family System ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Western World ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Old People's Homes

The continuous increase in the number of older people and the gradual erosion of the extended family system which used to cater to them are alarming. While older people in much of the developed countries have embraced old people's homes as an alternative, the same cannot be said of older people in Nigeria who still believed that it is the duty of the family to accommodate them. The chapter examined the perception of older people about living in old people's home in some selected local government areas in Osun State, Nigeria. The study showed that their perception about living in old people's home was poor as many of them still held on to the belief that it was the responsibility of their family members to house them as it was done in the olden days. Although a few of the interviewees (particularly those who are exposed to what is obtained in the Western world and those with some level of education) had accepted the idea, many preferred to live with their family rather than being dumped in “an isolated environment,” where they would not have access to their family members. Pragmatic policy options aimed at addressing this emerging social problem were highlighted.

Interventions for Cancer Late Effects and Survivorship

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert W. Butler ◽  
Donna R. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Life Threatening Illness

It is now generally accepted that the diagnosis of many pediatric cancers and their treatments result in significant and long-lasting neurocognitive, psychological, and psychosocial impairments and difficulties. The current status of research in this field has been addressed by other chapters in this text. We would, however, like to emphasize at the onset of our chapter that we firmly believe pediatric cancer is truly a family affair. The effects of the diagnosis of a life-threatening illness and its often-chronic treatment not only result in significant impact on the child’s or adolescent’s neuropsychological and psychological state, but also cause psychological ramifications for the parents, siblings, and extended family members. In healthy, well-functioning families, this major life obstacle can serve as an impetus to rally family members in support of the child. When this happens, interventions for late effects are beginning to be identified as effective and of potential benefit. This field, however, is clearly in its infancy. If the family is chaotic and struggling with relationship issues, the prognosis is less positive. Our clinical observations of these relationships are supported both by preliminary data from studies conducted by our research group and others, and by published manuscripts in the field of pediatric traumatic brain injury (Yeates et al., 1997, 2001). In one of the only studies investigating the impact of familial variables on psychosocial and neuropsychological outcome in pediatric brain tumor patients, the results are extremely consistent with the traumatic brain injury population (Carlson-Green, Morris, & Krawjecki, 1995). Reduced maternal dependence on external coping resources, higher parental socioeconomic status, dual-parent families, and familial cohesion were all identified as improving long-term outcome in this population, as documented by intellectual and behavioral integrity. The late effects of pediatric cancer and its treatment are physical, cognitive, psychological, and social. When multiple effects are present, they can be expected to result in a synergistic impact not only on the child, but also on other family members. The important point is that late effects should not be viewed in isolation or summated but should be appreciated for their interrelatedness.

Where the husbands stand

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risako Ide
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American English ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The United States ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Personal Pronouns ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Linguistic Resources

Abstract In this paper, I analyse women’s interview narratives from the United States and Japan about their child rearing experiences to examine how stance-taking towards their experiences and their family members manifest itself differently. Paying attention to the narratives regarding their husbands’ role in child rearing, I examine how stance-taking may be perceived through overt and implied references in the use of linguistic resources. With the American English data, I discuss how the shift of personal pronouns combined with the discourse marker but create metaframes of the speakers’ stances, categorized as “abstract/positive” and “concrete/negative.” In contrast, Japanese narratives revealed that women’s stance-taking towards their husbands was marked through the concurrent usage of supportive giving verbs (-te kureru), indexing indebtedness on the side of the women, as well as nominalization forms that categorized their partners as certain types of men based on shared social expectations.

Military Families and Communication

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Wilson ◽  
Leanne K. Knobloch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Family Communication ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Service Member ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Communication Processes ◽  
The U.S

Since the terrorist attacks on U.S. soil on September 11, 2001, communication scholars have turned their attention to understanding family communication processes across the deployment cycle. Military families are composed of service members as well as their spouses/partners, children, and extended family members. In 2012, U. S. Department of Defense statistics indicate that 53% of U.S. military personnel are married and 44% have children. Although scholars from fields such as family studies, psychology, and sociology have been studying military families since World War II, family communication scholars are relative newcomers to this topic. There are several reasons why communication scholars have spent the past decade investigating how service members, spouses, and children interact with each other as well as their larger social networks. One reason is the length and scope of the post 9/11 conflicts, such that millions of families in the U.S. and abroad have been impacted by these wars. A second is that the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq represent the first time the U.S. has fought two wars simultaneously with an all-volunteer force. This has meant that the burden of service has fallen on a small percentage of the U.S. public, which sometimes has left military families feeling isolated from their civilian counterparts. Third, communication technologies have evolved in comparison to prior conflicts, such that service members often have had the opportunity to interact regularly with family via multiple channels (e.g., phone, video, email, and social networking sites as well as letters/packages) during recent deployments. A fourth reason is that deployments create a context in which families are faced with choices and potential dilemmas about communicating. From the time that deployment orders are received, throughout months of separation, and after the service member returns home, military families must decide what to talk about (or avoid talking about) openly. During deployment, family members must find ways of maintaining their relationships while coping with new stressors. After the service member returns home, families often must manage relational uncertainty while renegotiating routines. In cases where service members have difficulty readjusting to civilian life, family members must find ways of navigating dilemmas that can arise when they attempt to voice their concerns. Most military families display remarkable resilience in responding to these communicative transitions and tensions. By conducting research framed by a number of theories, family communication scholars have worked towards better understanding the experiences of military families and producing knowledge useful for those serving with military families. Although comparative work on military families in other countries is starting to emerge, most research on communication processes has focused on U.S. military families. Research grounded in the relational turbulence model, communication privacy management theory, multiple goals theories, relational dialectics, and intergroup communication theories has helped clarify how military families communicatively navigate the process of having a service member deployed.

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