Comparison of the obturation density of gutta percha using cold lateral condensation and varying continuous wave of condensation techniques

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical sealing of root canals obturated with different techniques. One hundred-six human mandibular incisors were submitted to instrumentation by means of the step-back technique. After instrumentation, one hundred teeth received an impermeable coating on the external surfaces of the crown and root (except for the area nearby the apical foramen). Afterwards, they were divided in five groups containing twenty elements each, according to the obturation technique employed: 1. lateral condensation with Kerr file; 2. continuous wave of condensation technique with System B; 3. thermoplasticized injectable gutta-percha technique with the Ultrafil system; 4. mechanically thermoplasticized gutta-percha with the JS Quick-Fill system and 5. thermoplasticized gutta-percha associated to a master cone with the Microseal system. The six remaining teeth were employed as negative and positive controls. After obturation, the access cavities were sealed and the teeth were immersed in aqueous 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours at 37ºC. After that, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned and the apical microleakage was evaluated in a stereomicroscope. The Microseal system presented the best apical sealing ability, followed by System B, JS Quick-Fill, Ultrafil and the lateral condensation technique. The statistical analysis of the results demonstrated that: 1. the Microseal system presented an apical sealing similar to System B and better than the other groups; 2. System B presented better apical sealing than the lateral condensation technique, being similar to the other groups; and 3. the lateral condensation, Ultrafil and JS Quick-Fill groups demonstrated similar sealing ability.

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Percentage of Gutta-Percha-, Sealer-, and Void-Filled Areas in Oval-Shaped Root Canals Obturated with Different Filling Techniques: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1701543 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (01) ◽

pp. 008-012

Author(s):

Vinicio Hidemitsu Goto Hirai ◽

Ricardo Machado ◽

Maria Carolina Lucato Budziak ◽

Lucila Piasecki ◽

Alexandre Kowalczuck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser Scanning ◽

Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha

Abstract Objective This study compared different obturation techniques, analyzing percentage of areas filled with gutta-percha, sealer, and voids (PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA, respectively) in oval-shaped root canals. Materials and Methods A total of 60 extracted human mandibular central incisors were decoronated, instrumented, and irrigated using the same protocol. After drying, the root canal was filled with AH Plus labeled with 0.1% rhodamine B dye using a Lentulo spiral. The filling procedure was performed by dividing the teeth into four groups according to the respective technique: G1, cold lateral condensation; G2, continuous wave of condensation; G3, modified cold lateral condensation using an F3 master cone; and G4, modified continuous wave of condensation using an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) sized 30 gutta-percha cone. Then, slices measuring 1.5 mm in thickness were obtained 3 and 6 mm from the apex and evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy to determine PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed statistically with analysis of variance and Games-Howell’s tests (p = 0.05). Results The groups showed no significant differences in the apical third (3 mm from the apex). In the middle third (6 mm from the apex), G3 and G1 showed higher PGFA and PVFA, respectively. G3 showed lower PSFA than G2 and G4. Both cold techniques (G1 and G3) promoted lower PSFA than both warm techniques (G2 and G4). Conclusions Notwithstanding the limitations of this in vitro study, PGFA, PSFA, and PVFA ranged significantly only in the middle third, as observed by the different filling techniques. Higher PGFA and PVFA values were obtained for G3 and G1, respectively. Both cold techniques promoted lower PSFA than both warm techniques.

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Re-establishing apical patency after obturation with Gutta-percha and two novel calcium silicate-based sealers

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.172625 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 457-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anastasia Agrafioti ◽

Anastasios D. Koursoumis ◽

Evangelos G. Kontakiotis

Keyword(s):

Calcium Silicate ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Time Required

ABSTRACT Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the retreatability and reestablishment of apical patency of two calcium silicate-based sealers, TotalFill BC Sealer (BCS) and mineral trioxide aggregate Fillapex (MTA F), versus AH Plus, when used in combination with Gutta-percha (GP). Materials and Methods: The canals of 54 single-rooted anterior teeth were instrumented and filled with GP/AH Plus (Group A), GP/MTA F (Group B), or GP/BCS (Group C) using continuous wave obturation technique. The groups were subdivided into subgroups with the master-GP cone placed to the working length (WL) or intentionally 2 mm short. The retreatment procedures were performed using ultrasonics, chloroform, rotary, and hand files. The ability to establish the patency and reach WL was determined as well as the time taken to reach WL was calculated in minutes. Furthermore, the samples were observed under a dental, optical microscope, after vertically splitting them. Results: The WL and patency were reestablished in 100% of specimens in all groups. The Mann–Whitney U-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of time required to reach WL between the groups (P < 0.05) with group GP/BCS short of the WL showing the most amount of time to be retreated. Conclusion: The novel calcium silicate-based sealers are negotiable under simple root canal anatomy. However, the conventional retreatment techniques are not able to fully remove them.

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Endodontic Irrigants and Their Activation Efficacy on Cleansing Post-Space Root Canal Walls

Prosthesis ◽

10.3390/prosthesis3040036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 406-414

Author(s):

Manuela Marchese ◽

Pontoriero I. K. Denise ◽

Edoardo Ferrari Cagidiaco ◽

Alfredo Iandolo ◽

Simone Grandini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Smear Layer ◽

The Other ◽

X Rays ◽

Ultrasonic Activation ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Bonding System ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of activated irrigants (EDTA e NaOCL) during the cleansing of root walls, of the smear layer, of the debris, and gutta-percha after the preparation of the restorative space. Twenty single and multi-rooted (n = 20) have been collected. All samples were prepared by the same operator, using Nickel-titanium rotating instruments (Mtwo) through the Simultaneous Shaping Technique. The continuous-wave of condensation technique of obturation was used. To all specimens, the restorative space has been made, leaving 5 mm of apical gutta-percha, and postoperative periapical X-rays were performed. The samples were randomly divided into two groups: Group (A): cleansing of the root walls with ultrasonic activation of the irrigants (NEWTRON P5 XS; Satelec Acteon); Group (B): radicular walls wash without ultrasonic activation of endodontic irrigants (NaOCl 5.25% and EDTA 17%). Both dental sample groups were cut longitudinally with a low-speed saw (Isomet); the samples were observed by using a scanning electron microscope (Jeol, Jsm-6060LV) in order to evaluate: (1) the amount of debris/smear layer; (2) the mount of obstruction of dentinal tubules found in the two groups; and (3) evaluation of the presence of gutta-percha. Then, the other five samples each group (with and without ultrasonic activation) were prepared following the same protocol. Then, a universal bonding system (G-Praemio Bond, GC) and a layer of a flowable resin composite (Gaenial Flow, GC) were light-cured and used on top of the prepared root canal walls. The samples were cut in two pieces along the long axis of the root. Then, half sample teeth were kept in an acidic solution (37% HCl) for 48 h in order to completely dissolve dental structures and to have a direct view of resin tags formation under SEM. The other half was prepared to observe the adhesive interface under SEM. The amount of debris was not satisfactory in 9 out of 10 cases in Group B, while in Group A, which has been treated with ultrasounds, the result was either good or great in most of the samples. For the sample group treated with ultrasound, the tubules were evaluated as perfectly clean in 9 out of 10 cases, instead, the results are unsatisfactory for 9 out of 10 cases of group B not treated with ultrasound. Differences between Group A and B were statistically significant. With respect to the presence of debris and tubules obstruction treatment with ultrasonic activation, it offers with no doubt better results. When ultrasonic activation is used in combination with endodontic irrigants, a clean dentin substrate is be obtained for the adhesion of restorative materials, but in order to confirm the findings of this study, further in vivo trials are needed.

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Assessment of apical microleakage using tooth clearing method between two softened core obturation techniques

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v1i1.23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Nadia S. Wongsari ◽

Christine A. Rovani ◽

Aries C. Trilaksana

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Positive Control ◽

Single Root ◽

The Third ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Nail Polish ◽

Wave Technique ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Clearing Method

This study aimed to compare apical microleakage using tooth clearing method between two softened core obturation techniques which are carrier based gutta percha and continuous wave. Samples are maxillary first incisors, with a single root canal. They are devided into three groups of 9 each randomly. The first group is carrier based gutta percha, the second is continuous wave, and the third is lateral condensation as positive control. The teeth were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction, prepared with crown down pressureless technique, and obturated according their group. All the samples were coated with nail polish except for 2 mm from the apical, and then placed in China Ink for 7 days. After that, the polish were removed and the samples undergone tooth clearing procedure. When the samples had been transparant, they were observed using microscop. Data were collected and analyzed using Anova and Tukey’s post hoc test. The study showed that mean of apical microleakage from continuous wave technique (0.256+0.133) is less than from carrier based gutta percha (0.433+0.173). As the conclusion, there is a significant diffrence (p:0.034) of apical microleakage between continuous wave and carrier based gutta percha (p<0.05).

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Effect of obturation technique with immediate and delayed post space preparation on apical voids and bond strength of apical gutta-percha

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060518814604 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 470-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weilin Long ◽

Jing Li ◽

Yiwen Liu ◽

Hongwei Jiang

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Volumetric Analysis ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Filling Materials ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Percentage Volume ◽

Post Space ◽

Push Out

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of immediate and delayed post space preparation on the sealing ability of two root canal obturation techniques by using micro-computed tomography imaging and a push-out test. Methods The root canals of 40 human maxillary premolar teeth were instrumented and divided into four groups: (A) single cone (SC) followed by immediate post space preparation, (B) continuous wave of condensation (CWC) followed by immediate post space preparation, (C) SC followed by delayed post space preparation, and (D) CWC followed by delayed post space preparation. Micro-CT scans were performed for volumetric analysis of voids and filling materials in the apical 4-mm portion. A push-out test was performed, and failure modes (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed) were assessed. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and one-way analysis of variance. Results No significant differences were observed among the four groups in terms of the percentage volume of voids of the apical 4 mm or the bond strength of apical gutta-percha. Conclusions The percentage volume of voids and bond strength of apical gutta-percha were similar and were not significantly influenced by the timing of post space preparation or the obturation technique.

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Filling Lateral Canals: Evaluation of Different Filling Techniques

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697836 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 04 (03) ◽

pp. 251-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bruno Carvalho-Sousa ◽

Fábio Almeida-Gomes ◽

Pollyana Rabelo Borba Carvalho ◽

Maníglia-Ferreira Cláudio ◽

Eduardo Diogo Gurgel-Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyester Resin ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Linear Measure ◽

Human Teeth ◽

University Of Texas ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives: The purpose of this in vitro quantitative laboratorial study is to compare the ability of three filling techniques to fill simulated lateral canals.Methods: Thirty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were used. After cleaning and shaping, three lateral canals were created, one in each third. The teeth were randomly separated into three groups: continuous wave of condensation (Group 1); thermomechanical compaction (Group 2); and lateral condensation (Group 3). The teeth were cross-sectioned, making the cut through points over the lateral canals; thus, 90 specimens were obtained. Each specimen was immersed in a polyester resin, and the blocks were polished. Images were obtained using a stereoscopic lens (40x). Radiographic analysis was performed, followed by a filling linear measure using the Image Tool 3.0 program (University of Texas). Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for Windows (Kruskal- Wallis test).Results: A greater number of simulated lateral canals were obturated in Groups 1 and 2. Group 2 presented the largest percentage of linear measure of lateral canals filling with gutta-percha and sealer. No statistical differences were found between Group 1 and Group 2 when we analyzed the filling with gutta-percha and sealer or just sealer (P>.05).Conclusions: Thermoplasticized gutta-percha filling techniques (Groups 1 and 2) are better for filling lateral canal with gutta-percha and sealer or with just sealer than lateral condensation (Group 3). (Eur J Dent 2010;4:251-256)

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Comparative Analysis of the Filling Capacity of Simulated Lateral Canals of Two Bioactive Root Canal Sealers Using Warm Gutta-Percha Technique

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6270

Author(s):

Jesús Mena-Álvarez ◽

Juliette Theophanie Sevrain ◽

Mario Zorita-García ◽

Cristina Rico-Romano

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Linear Measurement ◽

Score System ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Wave Technique ◽

The Difference ◽

Root Canal Sealers

The aim of this study was to evaluate ex vivo the sealing achieved at simulated lateral canals (SLC) and the quality of filling according to their position in the root canal after using the same filling technique. SLC were created at three levels in 55 teeth and divided into two groups depending on the root canal sealer used (1: BioRoot® RCS, 2: GuttaFlow® bioseal). They filled them with the continuous wave technique and submitted to a diaphanization technique. The samples were analyzed using a magnifying lens (20×), pictures were taken, which proceeded to linear measurement with the ImageJ® program and used a filling score system with five grades (0 to 4, 0 and 1 not acceptable, 2 to 4 acceptable); BioRoot® RCS has got a greater proportion than GuttaFlow® bioseal for SLC filled acceptably at 10 mm from the apex (p < 0.05). The highest proportion of SLC filled acceptably was found in the middle third (6 mm) (p < 0.05), followed by the apical third (3 mm) and the coronal third (10 mm). The difference between apical and coronal third could be significant; BioRoot® RCS has been better than GuttaFlow® bioseal for filling SLC in the coronal third of the teeth. Studies on the characteristics of these cements are missing to explain these differences.

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Evaluation of Apical Leakage of Root Canals Obturated with Nd: YAG Laser Softened Gutta-Percha, System-B, and Lateral Condensation Techniques

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-3-1-27 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 27-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Murat Maden ◽

Güliz Görgül ◽

A. Cemal Tinaz

Keyword(s):

Heat Source ◽

Nd:Yag Laser ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Determination ◽

Apical Leakage

Abstract In endodontics, a laser can be used as a heat source and gutta-percha can be softened by a laser and used in the root canals. The System-B endodontic heat source unit was designed for the obturation of the root canal system with a single continuous wave of thermoplasticized gutta-percha. The aim of this study was to compare the apical leakage of lateral condensation; Nd:YAG laser-softened gutta-percha and System-B techniques. Fifty-five extracted, single root human maxillary anterior and premolar teeth were used in this study. After working length determination, the “step-back technique” was used to prepare the root canals. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 each and two control groups of 5 specimens each. The first group was obturated by lateral condensation, the second group by gutta-percha softened with an Nd:YAG laser, and the third group was obturated using the system-B technique. Apical leakage of the roots was evaluated by dye penetration using a stereomicroscope after sectioning the roots. The results of the first and third groups were similar, and the results of the second group showed differences when compared with the other groups. However, variance analysis revealed there was no statistically significant difference among the results. Citation Maden M, Görgül G, Tinaz AC. Evaluation of Apical Leakage of Root Canals Obturated with Nd:Yag laser-softened Gutta-percha, System-B, and Lateral Condensation Techniques. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 Feb;(3)1: 016-026.

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Microbial Leakage Evaluation Of Warm Gutta – Percha Techniques

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15506/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Antonio Libonati ◽

Anna Piccinno ◽

Gianni Gallusi ◽

Edoardo Montemurro ◽

Virginia Di Taranto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Continuous Wave ◽

Control Groups ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Bacterial Leakage ◽

Negative Controls ◽

Observation Period ◽

Positive Controls

Abstract Background: To compare bacterial leakage of MicroHeat and continuous wave with and without endodontic sealer. Methods: Thirty – eight single – rooted extracted mandibular premolars were selected and randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=8) and two control groups (n=3). Teeth were prepared with Mtwo NiTi files and obturated with MicroHeat or System B with or without endodontic sealer. Three teeth were used as positive controls (Ct+) and three intact teeth served as negative controls (Ct-). All samples were tested for bacterial infiltration every day for 60 days. Results: On day 32 overall contamination value was 62,5% for Mseal, 75% for Mnoseal, 75% for SBseal and 37,8% for SBnoseal; after 60 days, the final contamination result was 100% for Mseal, Mnoseal and SBseal and 87,5% for SBnoseal. Conclusions: At the end of the observation period, groups showed no statistically significant differences.

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