Evaluation of Apical Leakage of Root Canals Obturated with Nd: YAG Laser Softened Gutta-Percha, System-B, and Lateral Condensation Techniques

Abstract In endodontics, a laser can be used as a heat source and gutta-percha can be softened by a laser and used in the root canals. The System-B endodontic heat source unit was designed for the obturation of the root canal system with a single continuous wave of thermoplasticized gutta-percha. The aim of this study was to compare the apical leakage of lateral condensation; Nd:YAG laser-softened gutta-percha and System-B techniques. Fifty-five extracted, single root human maxillary anterior and premolar teeth were used in this study. After working length determination, the “step-back technique” was used to prepare the root canals. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 15 each and two control groups of 5 specimens each. The first group was obturated by lateral condensation, the second group by gutta-percha softened with an Nd:YAG laser, and the third group was obturated using the system-B technique. Apical leakage of the roots was evaluated by dye penetration using a stereomicroscope after sectioning the roots. The results of the first and third groups were similar, and the results of the second group showed differences when compared with the other groups. However, variance analysis revealed there was no statistically significant difference among the results. Citation Maden M, Görgül G, Tinaz AC. Evaluation of Apical Leakage of Root Canals Obturated with Nd:Yag laser-softened Gutta-percha, System-B, and Lateral Condensation Techniques. J Contemp Dent Pract 2002 Feb;(3)1: 016-026.

Download Full-text

Efficacy Of Two NI-TI Retreatment Systems and Hand Files in Removing Gutta-Percha and Sealer From Root Canals Filled With Three Different Types of Sealers

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672018 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 071-079

Author(s):

Rajender Singh ◽

Ashu Gupta ◽

Vishal Sharma

Keyword(s):

Operating Time ◽

Filling Material ◽

Test Results ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Honestly Significant Difference ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hand Instrumentation ◽

Difference Test

Abstract Objectives: This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficiency of two rotary nickel titanium instruments and hand instrumentation in removing gutta-percha and sealer from root canals. Study design: – 63 extracted human single rooted premolars were instrumented with K-files and filled using lateral compaction of gutta-percha (GP) and three different sealers. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 21 specimens each. Removal of gutta-percha was performed with R-Endo retreatment files, Mtwo retreatment files and Hedstrom files. Time to reach working length and to eliminate filling material was also recorded. The specimens were sectioned for evaluation of the area of the remaining gutta-percha/sealer under stereomicroscope at 6X magnification. Photographs were taken for further analysis using computer image analysis program. The results were statistically analyzed using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. Results: The R-Endo retreatment system resulted in a smaller percentage of canal area covered by residual GP/sealer than in other groups, a significant difference was found between R-Endo and Mtwo group and between Hedstrom groups (P < 0.001). The Mean operating time was minimum with R-Endo group while it was found to be maximum with hand files. Conclusion: It was concluded that all test techniques left gutta-percha/sealer remnants within the root canal. The R-Endo retreatment files and Mtwo retreatment files system proved to be an efficient method for removing gutta-percha and sealer from single rooted premolars.

Download Full-text

Re-establishing apical patency after obturation with Gutta-percha and two novel calcium silicate-based sealers

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.172625 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. 457-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anastasia Agrafioti ◽

Anastasios D. Koursoumis ◽

Evangelos G. Kontakiotis

Keyword(s):

Calcium Silicate ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Time Required

ABSTRACT Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the retreatability and reestablishment of apical patency of two calcium silicate-based sealers, TotalFill BC Sealer (BCS) and mineral trioxide aggregate Fillapex (MTA F), versus AH Plus, when used in combination with Gutta-percha (GP). Materials and Methods: The canals of 54 single-rooted anterior teeth were instrumented and filled with GP/AH Plus (Group A), GP/MTA F (Group B), or GP/BCS (Group C) using continuous wave obturation technique. The groups were subdivided into subgroups with the master-GP cone placed to the working length (WL) or intentionally 2 mm short. The retreatment procedures were performed using ultrasonics, chloroform, rotary, and hand files. The ability to establish the patency and reach WL was determined as well as the time taken to reach WL was calculated in minutes. Furthermore, the samples were observed under a dental, optical microscope, after vertically splitting them. Results: The WL and patency were reestablished in 100% of specimens in all groups. The Mann–Whitney U-test indicated that there was a significant difference in the amount of time required to reach WL between the groups (P < 0.05) with group GP/BCS short of the WL showing the most amount of time to be retreated. Conclusion: The novel calcium silicate-based sealers are negotiable under simple root canal anatomy. However, the conventional retreatment techniques are not able to fully remove them.

Download Full-text

Microbial Leakage of Cavit, IRM, and Temp Bond in Post-prepared Root Canals Using Two Methods of Gutta-percha Removal: An In Vitro Study

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jcdp-6-3-53 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 53-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hanan Balto ◽

Saad Al-Nazhan ◽

Khulood Al-Mansour ◽

Moneera Al-Otaibi ◽

Yunus Siddiqu

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Control Group ◽

Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Space

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the integrity of the coronal seal of Temp-Bond and compare it to Cavit and IRM after post space preparation using S. faecalis as a microbial tracer. In addition, the affect of two methods of gutta percha removal on the apical seal of root canal fillings was also evaluated. Forty extracted human single rooted teeth were prepared chemomechanically and obturated with gutta percha and AH26 sealer cement using the lateral cold condensation technique to a standardized working length of 15 mm. About 10 mm of the coronal gutta-percha was removed with either Peeso-reamer or a hot plugger. The roots were divided into three experimental groups of 10 roots and a control group. Each experimental group was subdivided equally into two groups of 15 each according to the method of post space preparation. Cavit, IRM, and Temp-Bond were used to seal the access opening. Each root was fixed in a cuvette containing Tryptic Soya Broth which, covered 2 mm of the root apex. Bacterial suspension was introduced through pipette. Fresh bacterial suspension was added every week, and the system was monitored daily for the growth of microorganisms for a period of one month. The results showed there was no significant difference in terms of coronal leakage between the three coronal materials used (P=0.478), but the methods of gutta-percha removal did have an impact on the apical leakage (P=0.047). The mean value showed the Peeso-reamer provided less leakage compared to using a hot plugger during the 30-day experimental time period. It was concluded the temporary type of coronal seal of endodontically treated teeth will not prevent coronal leakage if left for a long period of time. In addition, permanent cementation of the post with the coronal restoration should be carried out as soon as possible to prevent recontamination of the root canal. Citation Balto H, Al-Nazhan S, Al-Mansour K, Al-Otaibi M, Siddiqu Y. Microbial Leakage of Cavit, IRM, and Temp Bond in Post-prepared Root Canals Using Two Methods of Gutta-percha Removal: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 August;(6)3:053-061.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Two Techniques for Selection of Master Gutta-Percha Cone Using Micro-Computed Tomography

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201302330 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 367-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joao Manoel Silva-Filho ◽

Aline Evangelista Souza-Gabriel ◽

Graziela Bianchi Leoni ◽

Samuel Henrique Camara De-Bem ◽

Edson Alfredo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Conventional Technique ◽

Filling Material ◽

Micro Ct ◽

Micro Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canals ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Material Volume

This study used micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to evaluate the fit of the master gutta-percha cone at time of cone fit, gutta-percha volume in the filling material, and the filling material volume in relation to the canal at the apical limit of the working length. Root canals of 20 maxillary central incisors were prepared with rotary instruments and distributed into two groups (n=10). The gutta-percha cone tip was either plasticized (apical thermal impression technique - ATI) or not (conventional technique - CT), and its apical fit was checked. The apical 1 mm of working length was examined with a micro-CT, canals were filled with gutta-percha and sealer, and new micro-CT scans were obtained. In CT, gutta-percha filled 35.83 ± 15.05% of the canal at cone selection and 38.72 ± 11.64% after filling. In ATI, these values were 23.14 ± 7.74% and 26.98 ± 20.40%, respectively. Gutta-percha volume in the filling material, and filling material volume in relation to the canal were, respectively, 61.28 ± 11.64% and 87.76 ± 9.98% for CT, and 73.00 ± 20.41% and 89.96 ± 9.08% for ATI. No significant difference was found between cone selection and after canal filling, for either CT (p=0.593) or ATI (p=0.4975). The techniques did not differ significantly with respect to gutta-percha volume in the filling material (p=0.132) and filling material volume in relation to the canal (p=0.612). An ideal fit of the master gutta-percha cone at working length was not achieved regardless of the cone selection technique, and the material-filled area was similar for both techniques.

Download Full-text

Fluid-transport evaluation of lateral condensation, GuttaCore™ and continuous wave of obturation techniques

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v13i3.310 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 171

Author(s):

Daniel Silva-Herzog ◽

Ezequiel Monroy ◽

Verónica Méndez ◽

Sandra Maria Alves Sayão Maia ◽

Paulo Melo Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transport System ◽

Fluid Transport ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Positive Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Suitable Material ◽

Root Canals ◽

Nail Polish ◽

Working Length ◽

Apical Leakage

To achieve success in endodontic treatment, the root canal system should be as sealed as possible with suitable material such as gutta-percha and sealer. Objective: This study compare the apical leakage of roots obturated with GuttaCore™, lateral condensation, and continuous wave obturation through a computerized fluid-transport system. Material and methods: Fifty-two freshlyextracted upper molars were used. The disto-buccal roots were cut and standardized to 10 mm long. The root canals were prepared at working length with WaveOne primary reciprocating files. The specimens were randomly divided and filled by one of the following obturation techniques: GuttaCore™, lateral condensation or continuous wave obturation, using SILCO sealer. The positive controls were left unfilled and the negative controls were totally coated with cyanoacrylate and three layers of nail polish. The roots were stored in relative humidity for 72 h at 37°C, allowing the sealer to set. After this period, the roots were connected to a computerized fluid-transport system, and the apical leakage was analyzed. Results: The results were expressed in µL.cmH2O-1.min-1 x10-4 1.36 atm. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey´s tests. The specimens of the positive control group showed extreme amounts of apical leakage. There was no leakage in the negative ontrols. The statistical analysis indicated that continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ showed lower leakage than the lateral condensation technique (p<0.05). No difference was found among the continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ (p>0.05). Conclusion: Continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™ showed lower leakage than the lateral condensation technique. There was no difference between the continuous wave obturation and GuttaCore™. The fluid-transport system used in this study allowed an accurate quantitative measurement of leakage using simpler equipment.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of single root canals filled using the lateral compaction, tagger's hybrid, microseal and guttaflow techniques

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/s0103-64402010000500006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 411-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Marina Angélica Marciano ◽

Clovis Monteiro Bramante ◽

Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte ◽

Ronan Jacques Rezende Delgado ◽

Ronald Ordinola-Zapata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Cross Sections ◽

Root Canal ◽

Digital Images ◽

Root Canal Sealer ◽

Root Canals ◽

Single Root ◽

Apical Level ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to determine the percentage of voids, gutta-percha and root canal sealer using 4 different filling techniques. Fifty-two extracted maxillary lateral incisors were prepared using the crown-down pressureless technique. The teeth were randomly divided in 4 groups (n=13): Lateral compaction (LC), Tagger's hybrid (TH), MicroSeal (MS) and GuttaFlow (GF) techniques. Horizontal cross-sections were made at the 2, 10 and 15 mm levels from the apex. Digital images of the root canal areas were acquired using a stereomicroscope and examined using the Image Tool 3.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (α=0.05). In general, a significant decrease in the gutta-percha filled area and increase of sealer area were observed at the apical level for all the evaluated techniques (p<0.05). With regard to the presence of voids, no significant difference was found. MS and TH techniques showed a larger gutta-percha filled area than LC and GF techniques at the coronal and middle third level (p<0.05). From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that the gutta-percha filled area of fillings decrease at the apical level, regardless of the filling technique used.

Download Full-text

The effect ofWi-Fi signals on the measurement accuracy of electronic apex locator during root canal therapy

Mustansiria Dental Journal ◽

10.32828/mdj.v14i1.747 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Dr. Hashim M. Hussein ◽

Dr. Nooruldeen A. Saeed. ◽

Dr. Mantadher S. Kudhair

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Interference ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

P Value ◽

Single Root ◽

Network Connection ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Length Determination ◽

Electronic Apex Locator

Background: The using of devices that emitted electromagnetic radiation has beenlimited in many healthcare centers to prevent interference with medical devices.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of Wi-Fi Router(Tenda FH456) on working length determination using electronic apex locator(NSK-iPex II) in the presence of network connection with tablet (GT-N800) ornot.Materials and methods: Twenty-five intact teeth with a single root were sectioned atthe cementoenamel junction. Visually, roots were examined understereomicroscope (X20) and the working length was determined using a size 15K-file. The effect of Tenda Wi-Fi router on accuracy of electronic working lengthmeasurement of electronic apex locator (iPex II) was determined in this study inclosed room under 5 conditions (without router and tablet, with router in differentdistances 1 meter and 3 meters from electronic apex locator, with router andconnected with tablet in different distances 1 meter and 3 meters from electronicapex locator). The electronic working length was measured 3 times per canalunder each condition. The data were compared using analysis of variance.Results: The mean of working length measured under microscope was (13.30), andthe mean of working length by electronic apex locator was (13.14) while the meanvalues of working length in different conditions was fixed (13.12). Analysis ofvariance test (ANOVA) showed non-significant difference among working lengthmeasurements in different conditions (P-value ≥ 0.05).Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, stability and reliability ofiPex II apex locator in measurement of electronic working length where notinfluenced when placed in (1M, 3M) from Wi-Fi router and active Tablet(connected to network by Wi-Fi and streaming online videos). During root canaltherapy, active Tablet can be used in the dental operatory without the fear ofcausing electromagnetic interference in electronic working length determination.

Download Full-text

An In Vivo Study of Working Length Determination with a New Apex Locator

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201302326 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 17-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Key Fabiano Souza Pereira ◽

Pedro Gregol da Silva ◽

Fabio Simões de Vicente ◽

Fabio Nakao Arashiro ◽

Carmem Regina Coldebella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Precise Control ◽

Root Canals ◽

Working Length ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Light Curing ◽

Length Determination ◽

Experimental Values

The success of an endodontic treatment relies on a correct working length determination. The canal terminus must be detected accurately and a precise control of the working length during the endodontic treatment must be maintained. The aim of this study was to investigate the working length determination in vivo with the Quill Apex Locator® for apical limit established at 1 mm short from the apical foramen (AF). Patients scheduled to dental extraction due to orthodontic or periodontal reasons were selected for this study, resulting in a sample of 24 root canals. Written informed consent was obtained from each patient before the treatment. After the administration of local anesthesia each tooth had its pulp cavity accessed. Next, the reading corresponding to the AF showed on the device's display was recorded and the file was removed. With the use of a digital caliper, 1 mm was subtracted from that first measurement. The file with the new measurement was introduced into to the root canal again then fixed with light curing flow composite and the tooth was extracted. Next, one of the apical third walls was worn out to visualize the instrument's point and the AF. The distance from the file tip to the AF was measured by scanning electron microscopy. The average of the measurements was 1.089±0.437 mm. The Bicaudal t-test showed no significant difference (p=0.338) between the experimental values and the hypothetical value tested at 1 mm. The present investigation confirmed that the Quill Apex Locator® was able to determine the working length with good reliability for the endodontic treatment, established at 1 mm short from the AF.

Download Full-text

Comparison of the Effects of a Bioceramic and Conventional Resin-Based Sealers on Postoperative Pain after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2661

Author(s):

Kiche Shim ◽

Young-Eun Jang ◽

Yemi Kim

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Root Canal ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Group 2

Background: This clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of bioceramic sealer and resin-based sealer on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. Methods: Patients with anterior teeth or premolars requiring root canal treatment were assigned to group 1 (n = 51). Those with molars requiring treatment were assigned to group 2 (n = 57). In groups 1En and 2En, root canals were obturated with Endoseal MTA using the single-cone technique. In groups 1AH and 2AH, the sealer used was AH Plus with the continuous wave technique. On the day of canal filling, each patient was instructed to indicate their pain intensity over the 7 day postoperative period, at rest and, while biting, using a visual analog scale. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence or intensity of postoperative pain between the Endoseal MTA and AH Plus groups during the 7 day postoperative period (p > 0.05). Less time was needed to seal the root canals with Endoseal MTA, especially in group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Endoseal MTA and AH Plus had similar effects on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. The obturation time was shorter when using Endoseal MTA compared to AH Plus.

Download Full-text

Root canal curvature as a prognostic factor influencing the diagnostic accuracy of radiographic working length determination and postoperative canal axis modification: an in vitro comparative study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01446-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bestoon Mohammed Faraj

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Radiographic Images ◽

The Real ◽

Root Canals ◽

Length Estimation ◽

Working Length ◽

Length Determination ◽

Case Difficulty Assessment ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Radiographic analysis of tooth morphology is mandatory for accurate calibration of the degree of canal curvature angle and radiographic working length to its real dimensions in case difficulty assessment protocols. This study aimed to determine the impact of the degree of root canal curvature angle on maintaining the real working length and the original canal axis of prepared root canals using a reciprocating rotary instrumentation technique. Methods Radiographic image analysis was performed on 60 extracted single-rooted human premolar teeth with a moderate canal curvature (10°–25°) and severe canal curvature (26°–70°). Working length and longitudinal canal axis were determined using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and digital periapical radiography. The real canal length was determined by subtracting 0.5 mm from the actual canal length. Root canals were prepared using the WaveOne Gold reciprocating file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Results There was no significant relation of the degree of canal curvature angle to the accuracy of radiographic working length estimated on CBCT and digital periapical radiographic techniques (P > 0.05). Postinstrumentation changes in the original canal axis between moderate and severe canal curvature angles, assessed on CBCT and periapical digital radiographic images were statistically non-significant (P > 0.05). Conclusions A standardized digital periapical radiographic method performed similarly to the CBCT technique near to its true working length. No significant interaction exists between the diagnostic working length estimation, postoperative root canal axis modification, and the degree of canal curvature angle, using reciprocating rotary instrumentation technique.

Download Full-text