Humanitarian mission of the negotiations on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

2020 ◽  
pp. 30 (90)-36 (94)
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
English Version ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Humanitarian Mission ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Objective View ◽  
Positive Results

The article deals with the issues of information in the negotiation processes for the settlement of the Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict. The information consists of international documents used in dealing with conflicts, as well as information about the actual situation on the ground. In addition, the powers of the negotiating party should be taken into account. These powers restrict the use of information to some extent. It is also necessary to point out the influence of the parties to the conflict and their information base on the mediators in the negotiation process. The observance of neutrality in the negotiations contributes to the achievement of positive results. At the same time, the activities of the parties to the negotiations directly depend on the position of a particular party in the region and its influence on the situation. Each side has the support of certain international forces. In the meantime, the situation is affected by the balance of these forces and the interests of superpowers that have their own interests in the region. The task of the Azerbaijani side is to form an objective view of the situation using the necessary historical data. The data should be complex and comprehensive. English version on pp. 90-94 available at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/humanitarian-mission-of-the-negotiations-on-the-nagorno-karabakh-conflict/61582.html

Some Remarks on the Study of Prehistoric Structures

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-455
Author(s):  
Slavomil Vencl
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
English Version ◽  
House Floor ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractThe present article responds to questions raised by Marshall (1969). Based on European material, the author concludes that engineering principles cannot be universally applied, despite some obviously positive results. Before reconstructing an object, the completeness of its preserved remains should be taken into account and the preserved floor plan should be supplemented with those elements that have vanished. To use only what actually remains of a house floor in making a reconstruction presupposes that the layout is fully preserved, and this is of course not always the case. The English version of this paper was translated from the original Czech manuscript by H. Martin Wobst, University of Michigan.

Achieving Effective International Cooperation: How Institutional Formalization Shapes Intergovernmental Negotiations

World Affairs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 181 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-180
Author(s):  
Hartmut Lenz
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Domestic Constraints ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Impact

This article explores how formalization of institutions and domestic constraints influence the outcomes of international cooperation and negotiation processes—particularly in a regional setting like the European Union (EU) or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Examining different forms of institutional setup along the formal-informal continuum, this study evaluates their impact on the successes and failures of intergovernmental negotiation processes. While some scholars have been vocal about the importance of institutional setting on negotiation outcomes, there has not yet been any systematic analysis of the impact of institutional variations on the actual negotiation process. This project specifies under what conditions domestic actors constrain governments, and how these conditions depend on institutional structures. I analyze the impact of institutional variations, concentrating on negotiation failure and deadlock situations, to form a framework that can differentiate between various bargaining situations and to understand their impact on the possibility to facilitate successful negotiation outcomes. The central argument highlights the need for more nuanced connections between institutional design, domestic constraints, and the level of formalization to understand the likelihood of success or failure of intergovernmental negotiation processes.

scholarly journals Research Preregistration in Political Science: The Case, Counterarguments, and a Response to Critiques

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 425-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Monogan
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Data Exploration ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
True Positive ◽  
Positive Results

ABSTRACTThis article describes the current debate on the practice of preregistration in political science—that is, publicly releasing a research design before observing outcome data. The case in favor of preregistration maintains that it can restrain four potential causes of publication bias, clearly distinguish deductive and inductive studies, add transparency regarding a researcher’s motivation, and liberate researchers who may be pressured to find specific results. Concerns about preregistration maintain that it is less suitable for the study of historical data, could reduce data exploration, may not allow for contextual problems that emerge in field research, and may increase the difficulty of finding true positive results. This article makes the case that these concerns can be addressed in preregistered studies, and it offers advice to those who would like to pursue study registration in their own work.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL OF CONSTRUCTION AND REAL ESTATE NEGOTIATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Urbanavičienė ◽  
Artūras Kaklauskas ◽  
Edmundas K. Zavadskas
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Selling Process

Negotiations are common in many activities; the sectors of construction and real estate are not an exception: here the negotiations are an inseparable part of the real estate buying and selling process. The article analyses scientific research related to negotiations and presents the developed model for multiple criteria analysis of construction and real estate negotiations. The analysis of the negotiation processes in construction and real estate and the analysis of the relevant support for decision‐making in negotiations must be thorough; it must consider not only economic but also political, legal, socio‐cultural, psychological, consumer behaviour, technological, quality of life and other issues. The developed model enables to analyse the combination of the real estate negotiation process, the improvement of its efficiency through use of decision support and voice stress analysis technology and the participating stakeholder groups seeking their goals together with the influencing external macro and micro environment. The paper dwells on the components of this model. Santruka Derybos nuolatos vyksta daugelyje veiklos sričiu, neaplenkdamos ir statybos bei NT sektoriu, kur jos yra neatsiejama nekilnojamojo turto pirkimo ir pardavimo proceso dalis. Straipsnyje analizuojami mokslininku tyrimai derybu srityje ir pristatomas sukurtas statybos ir NT derybu daugiakriterines analizes modelis. Nagrinejant statybos ir NT derybu procesa bei taikoma parama derybu sprendimams priimti, būtina tai nagrineti išsamiai, kreipiant demesi ne tik i ekonominius, bet ir i politinius, teisinius, socialinius, kultūrinius, psichologinius, vartotoju elgsenos, technologinius, gyvenimo kokybes ir pan. klausimus. Sukurtas modelis leidžia analizuoti NT derybu procesa, jo efektyvumo didinima, taikant sprendimu paramos ir balso analizes technologijas, joje dalyvaujančias ir savo tikslus norinčias igyvendinti suinteresuotas grupes bei jas veikiančia išorine makro‐ ir mikroaplinka kaip visuma. Straipsnyje aptartos sukurta modeli sudarančios sudetines dalys.

Terrorism

2019 ◽  
pp. 164-180
Author(s):  
A. Rohan Perera
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Nuclear Terrorism ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Individual Criminal Responsibility

A consensus still eludes the negotiation process of the Draft Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism. Given this backdrop, this article traces the history and evolution of the UN treaty-making practice on terrorism, and examines the attempts to define and address the phenomenon of terrorism through international Conventions, which provide for the establishment of the core legal regime of “extradite or prosecute.” It explores the challenges encountered in the negotiation processes, including “definitional issues,” which consider issues such as the “political offences exception”; whether carve-outs should be made for military forces of States/national liberation movements; and the notions of “individual criminal responsibility” and “state responsibility,” the latter particularly in the context of acts of nuclear terrorism. The article follows the evolution of negotiations on these considerations, which later moves to discuss the issue not in the context of a generic definition of the term “terrorism,” but in the delineation of the precise scope of application of the Convention, by “carving out” the other applicable legal regimes. The article concludes that the Draft Comprehensive Convention on International Terrorism is a carefully nuanced and delicately balanced package fraught with both legal and political complexities, and strategic concerns for groups of States, and underlines the need for a compromise approach and political accommodation.

Settlements and Resolutions: Consequences of Negotiation Processes in the Laboratory and in the Field

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-338
Author(s):  
Daniel Druckman
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Divorce Mediation ◽  
Large N ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Comparative Case Studies ◽  
Mediation Processes

In their 1994 study of divorce mediation, Kressel and his colleagues distinguished between a problem-solving and a settlement-oriented style of mediation. The former led to more integrative agreements and better long-term relationships between the parties than the latter. This distinction has been a basis for a multi-method research program on negotiation and mediation processes in international relations. We have been exploring the consequences of a variety of indicators for outcomes and post-agreement relations among parties. In the laboratory, we have identified the way that sources of conflict (values and interests) lead to processes with different implications for long-term relationships. In case studies, we have identified the political conditions that produce short-term settlements, or stalemates followed by further escalation. In small-N comparative case studies, we have shown how negotiation process and context operate together to influence post-settlement relations and system change. We used a comparison of the conflicts in Karabakh and Mozambique and three cases of base-rights talks as examples. In large-N aggregate case comparisons, we developed empirical profiles of types of negotiation (e.g., innovation vs. re-distribution) with implications for outcomes and relationships as well as the role played by turning points in projecting a process toward agreement and changing escalatory into de-escalatory processes. The variables identified by these studies are organized in terms of a framework that connects issues and objectives, background factors, and conditions with processes, outcomes, and implementation. The framework shows how these variables can lead to integrative agreements.

THE IMPACT OF ANALYTICAL SUPPORT AND PREFERENCE DETERMINATION ON CONSISTENCY IN E-NEGOTIATIONS — A NEW METHOD AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 673-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL FILZMOSER ◽  
JESUS RIOS ◽  
STEFAN STRECKER ◽  
RUDOLF VETSCHERA
Keyword(s):  
Negotiation Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negotiation Support Systems ◽  
Compact Representation ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Negotiation Support ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shed Light

This paper explores whether the decisions made by a negotiator during negotiations are consistent with her preferences. By considering the entire set of offers exchanged during a negotiation, the measures of consistency developed in this paper provide a compact representation of important behavioral characteristics throughout the negotiation process. The consistency measures developed in this paper are validated with data from an experimental study in which the impact of two factors on negotiation processes is studied: the availability of analytical support and imposed vs. elicited preferences. We find that negotiators behave more consistently when preferences are assigned to them by the experimenters than when their preferences are elicited. On the other hand, an impact of analytical support is only found when preferences are elicited. These results shed light on both the design of negotiation experiments and the development of negotiation support systems.

How to Reduce Uncertainty in a Context of Innovation: The Case of IBM's Negotiation of its European Works Council

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Le Flanchec
Keyword(s):  
Negotiation Process ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Reduction Mechanisms ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
The Status ◽  
Works Council ◽  
Uncertainty Zone ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Acceptable Outcome

AbstractUncertainty is one of the natural consequences of innovation. Regardless of the particular area, innovation leads to unknown situations ranging from the creation of high-tech new products to profound modification of economic and social structures. This uncertainty creates difficulties for negotiation processes because it becomes almost impossible to anticipate all the consequences of any agreement. Consequently, innovation tremendously enhances the uncertainty of a negotiator with regard to his own interests. Uncertainty about the opponent's interests and behavior is of course another major concern and has been dealt with extensively by many authors. This paper deals with the very different concept of uncertainty regarding one's own interests. It analyzes the impact of this form of uncertainty in the negotiation process, examining the 1997–1999 negotiations at IBM over the implementation of a European Works Council. We show that when a negotiator is uncertain about his own interests, he is less inclined to consider positions located in his uncertainty zone. This occurs as soon as he discoevers an acceptable outcome outside of this zone, even when the agreement is little differentthan the status quo. The negotiator will persist in such a strategy even though alternative agreements located in the uncertainty zone could be more advantageous for one or even both parties. In order to enlarge the zone of potential agreements between parties, a negotiator should undertake one further step: exploration of his own uncertainty zone. We demonstrate that the adoption of such a strategy, is innovative in and of itself, requiring a pro-active and creative attitude on the part of negotiators in order to discover appropriate uncertainty reduction mechanisms.

Negotiations in the UN Commission on Sustainable Development: Coalitions, Processes, and Outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Issue Framing ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Problem Solving Process

AbstractThis research examines state coalitions' negotiation processes during four sessions of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD). It asks whether coalition type affects the negotiation process and whether process affects the negotiated outcome. Negotiation analysts expect convergent bargaining behaviors to lead to compromises between negotiators' positions and problem solving behaviors to lead to the integration of these positions, with the latter assumed to be the superior outcome. The CSD negotiations offer an empirical test of these hypotheses, as well as hypotheses regarding expected negotiation processes for different coalition types. The study uses data gathered by the author at CSD sessions in 1994, 1996, 1997, and 1998 and finds support for the process-outcome hypotheses. The examination also provides a basis from which to offer lessons for future CSD sessions. I explore how changes in process timing, third party roles, and issue framing could encourage a problem solving process and integrative decisions at the CSD.

Analysis of the EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement: a Unique Case

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-508
Author(s):  
Çiğdem Akın Yavuz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Negotiation Process ◽  
Standard Approach ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
Negotiation Processes ◽  
Distinguishing Features ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The European Union (EU) has thus far developed a standard approach towards the negotiation processes and the content of readmission agreements with third countries. This approach encompasses offering a visa facilitation agreement and visa liberalization to third countries as an incentive for the conclusion of a readmission agreement. The approach has, however, changed in the case of the EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement. This Agreement was signed simultaneously with the initiation of a Visa Liberalization Dialogue, by-passing the conclusion of a visa facilitation agreement. The content of the Agreement has also distinguishing features compared to EU readmission agreements. This article seeks to explain why the EU has changed its standard approach in the case of Turkey through analysing both the negotiation process and the content of the EU-Turkey Readmission Agreement. In this way, this article strives to demonstrate that this shift is mainly due to EU’s concerns about effective return of irregular migrants who have been ordered to leave the EU, as well as the unique characteristics of the multidimensional relationship between the EU and Turkey.

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