Productive and reproductive traits of cows of Black-and-White and Red Steppe breeds

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Kh. Valitov ◽  
S. Karamaev ◽  
V. Kornilova ◽  
A. Frolkin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Slight Advantage

A comparative analysis of productive, reproductive and technological traits of cows of Red Steppe and Black-and-White breeds has been carried out under the conditions of peasant farm “PF Ershov” in the Buguruslansky district in the Orenburg region. It has been established as a result of researches that heifers of Red Steppe breed have been effective inseminated by 0,4 months earlier and had live weight more by 18 kg or 3,6 % than herdmates of Black-and-White breed. Animals of Red Steppe breed had a slight advantage over Black-and-White breed in terms of milk yield and fat content. Cows of Red Steppe breed have a higher coeffi cient of lactation constancy. The advantage of cows of Red Steppe breed over Black-and-White first calves was 2,4 %. The advantage of mature lactation of Red Steppe cows over Black-and-White breed was only in the average daily milk yield by 1,2 kg or 5,1 %. Udder in animals of Black-and-White and Red Steppe breeds had a uniform development of the front and rear parts and in absolute terms (42,5–44,3 %) met the requirements of machine milking. In animals of Red Steppe breed the duration of the open days period was on average 12–28 days shorter depending on calving and corresponded to the indicators of highly productive cows. The coefficient of reproductive ability of first-calving cows of Red Steppe breed was 0,87, which is 0,05 higher than in Black-and-White cows; at the second calving – 0,88, which is 0,03 higher than Black-and-White herdmates. Thus, animals of Red Steppe breed on productive and reproductive traits have superiority over herdmates of Black-and-White breed that is explained by their adaptation to local conditions of feeding and housing.

scholarly journals The reaction of the thyroid gland to the thyrotropic hormone “load” in high and low-yielding cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
V.I. Eremenko ◽  
G.A. Gorozhankina ◽  
N.V. Vanina ◽  
S.I. Shuklin ◽  
A.I. Blednov
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Thyrotropic Hormone ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The studies were carried out on cows of Holstein black-and-white breed. 2 groups of 10 heads each were formed. The milk yield for lactation was 10 thousand kg in the first group, and - 5 thousand kg in the second group. Blood was collected from the subcaudal vein monthly during lactation. T3 and T4 were determined in the blood serum. The functional “load” on the thyroid gland was performed at the peak of lactation (3 months) and at its end - at 9 months. The TSH preparation at a dose of 0.5 u/kg of live weight was administered intramuscularly on an empty stomach before morning feeding. T3 and T4 hormones in the blood were determined before the injection of TSH and 0.5 one and two hours after the injection. Kath was calculated using the formula Т1 – Т0 / Т0 where Kath is the coefficient of activity of thyroid hormones. T0 – T3 and T4 levels before TSH injection T1 – T3 and T4 levels 2 hours after TSH injection. During lactation, the level of milk production and thyroid hormones varies inversely with the average daily milk yield. During the period of high milk productivity (2,3,4 months of lactation), the concentration of T3 and T4 in both groups was low, and later increased and was maximum in the 8th month of lactation. The functional reserves of the thyroid gland in high-yielding cows in 3 and 9 months of lactation are lower in relation to low-yielding cows.

DAIRY PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF DIFFERENT BREEDS IN THE CONDITIONS OF FARMING

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Х.А. АМЕРХАНОВ ◽  
Г.В. РОДИОНОВ ◽  
Л.П. ТАБАКОВА ◽  
А.П. ОЛЕСЮК ◽  
В.В. БОШЛЯКОВА ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Different Levels

Проведено комплексное исследование морфофункциональных особенностей молочной железы коров черно-пестрой и ярославской пород с разным уровнем молочной продуктивности в условиях крестьянско-фермерского хозяйства Московской области. Рассмотрены молочная продуктивность, морфологические и функциональные свойства вымени подопытных животных, гистологическая структура молочной железы. Отмечено, что у коров черно-пестрой породы количество молочного жира за лактацию составило 256 кг, а у ярославской породы — 233 кг. Показатель коэффициента молочности составил у черно-пестрых животных 1180 кг, а у коров ярославской породы — 1132кг. При анализе лактационных кривых было выявлено, что у подопытных коров обеих групп наивысший суточный удой получен на 2-м и 3-м мес лактации. Так, коэффициент постоянства лактации у коров черно-пестрой породы составил 88,7%, ярославской — 73,5%. При взятии промеров установлено, что по длине задние соски вымени черно-пестрых коров не соответствуют требованиям технологического отбора, а по диаметру сосков обе группы имеют оптимальные показатели. Время доения черно-пестрых животных составило 12,76±0,92 мин, ярославских — 11,45±0,94 мин. По индексу вымени у коров черно-пестрой породы показатели выше, чем у животных ярославской породы на 6,22%. Площадь паренхимы вымени составляет 81,4%, стромы 18,6%, у черно-пестрых особей, тогда как у ярославских на долю железистой ткани приходится 66%, соединительной — 34%. На основании проведенных исследований для повышения продуктивности стада желательно увеличить поголовье черно-пестрых животных и использовать инновационные методы, направленные на повышение качественных показателей молочной продуктивности коров ярославской породы. Complex study of morphological and functional characteristics of the mammary gland of black-and-white and yaroslavskaya breeds of cows with different levels of milk productivity under conditions of a peasant farm from Moscow region has been conducted. Milk productivity, morphological and functional properties of the udder of the animals, histological structure of the mammary gland have been observed. It has been noted that cows of black-and-white breed produced 256 kg of milk fat during lactation, cows of yaroslavskaya breed – 233 kg of milk fat. Milk productivity coefficient indicator for black-and-white breed was 1180 kg, 1132 kg for yaroslavskaya breed. Analysisof lactation curves of the cows studied has revealed that animals from both groups had the highest daily milk yield at the 2nd and 3rd months of lactation. The coefficient of lactation consistency of black-and-white cows has reached 88.7%,yaroslavskaya breed — 73.5%. Measurements taken has revealed that the length of the rear teatsof black-and-white cows did not meet the requirements of technological selection, at the  same time both groups had optimaldiameter of the teat indicators. Milking time for black-and-white cows has reached 12.76±0.92 minutes, for yaroslavskaya breed — 11.45 ± 0.94 minutes. According to the udder index, animals of black-and-white breed had higher indicator than that of the other group, by 6.22%. Cows of black-and-white breed had udder tissue consisting of 81.4% parenchyma and 18.6% stroma, while that of yaroslavskaya breed consisted of 66% glandular tissue, 34% connective tissue. Based on conducted studies it could be concluded, that it is preferable to increase the amount of black-and-white cows in the herd and to use innovative methods for increasing milk productivity of yaroslavskaya breed cows, in order to achieve higher milk productivity of entire herd.

scholarly journals Productivity of fi rst-calf cows of different sire lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
A. G. Kolchev
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
White Breed ◽  
High Level ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The results of the study of milk productivity and lactation rates of fi rst-calf cows are presented. The research into fi rst-calf cows of black-andwhite Holstein breed, belonging to sire lines of Wis Ideal 1013415 and Refl ection Sovereign 198998 was conducted in 2018 in Novosibirsk region. The number of cows under study was 64, the period of the study covered 305 days of lactation. Monitoring of milk production, milk fl ow intensity, fat and protein content was carried out monthly. The research materials were analyzed for groups of cows depending on their sire line and productivity for single and daily milk yield, fat and protein content, and dynamics of milk ejection for the fi rst 3 minutes of milking. The highest daily milk yield in both lines was observed in the second month of lactation. In the fourth and fi fth months of lactation, the average daily milk yield of Refl ection Sovereign cows was signifi cantly higher (р < 0.001) than that of their peers of the Vis Ideal line, by 1.3 kg. During the lactation period, the productivity of the Vis Ideal and Refl ection Sovereign cows was almost the same: milk yield – 8296 and 8220 kg, fat content – 4.02 and 4.06%, protein – 3.36 and 3.35% and milk fl ow intensity – 2.70 and 2.78 kg/min, respectively. In the second and third months of lactation, cows of both lines had a decrease in the content of fat, protein and intensity of milk fl ow with a gradual increase in these indices in the fourth and fi fth months of lactation. First-calf cows of the black-and-white breed of Canadian selection of different sire lines showed a high level of milk productivity and proved to be suitable for further breeding work.

scholarly journals Assessment of selection groups of mature cows of various breeds, differentiated by milk fat

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
A. S. Durov ◽  
V. S. Deeva
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Breeding Group ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
White Breed ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Selection Parameters ◽  
Breeding Groups

The assessment of black-and-white, red steppe, and Simmental cattle, differentiated by milk fat was carried out. Three groups were formed: selection, production and marriage. The selection parameters are calculated using the standard deviation. The calculated parameters of selection of animals of the breeding group for milk fat in adult black-and-white cows are at least 179 kg, red steppe - 186, Simmental breed from the Novosibirsk region - 143, the Republic of Khakassia - 176 kg. Cows of the red steppe breeding group are leading in productivity. Their milk fat index is 216.8 kg (P ≥ 0.95). In animals of the black-and-white breed, the milk fat productivity is 193.2 kg. In the Simmental Republic of Khakassia it is 193.8, in the Novosibirsk region - 163.5 kg. Analysis of interbreed differences in cows of breeding groups shows that animals of the black-and-white breed surpass their peers in chest width behind the shoulder blades, milk yield and milk production index. Animals of the red steppe breed are the best in milk fat, live weight, width in shanks, oblique body length, oblique rear length, chest girth, milk fat content. Simmental cows bred in the Novosibirsk region lead over their peers in height at the withers, and Simmental cows in Khakassia - in height at the sacrum, chest depth, cannon girth, assessment of the exterior. Evaluation of the production groups of animals for milk fat allows to note that the selection group of the black-and-white breed, despite the superiority in milk yield, is inferior to the peers of the red steppe and Simmental in terms of the evaluated character. However, the cows of the black-and-white breed of the production group surpass their peers in milk fat and most other signs. The formation of breeding groups for milk fat enables to note the consolidation of the black-and-white breed in terms of productive and exterior characteristics. The Red Steppe and Simmental breeds have a high potential for improvement. These breeding groups are worthy of competing with the contemporaries of the black-andwhite breed in milk fat productivity.

Influence of the age at the first insemination and live weight on milk productivity of cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
L. L. Petrukhina ◽  
S. L. Belozertseva
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
White Breed

The materials of the long-term (2008–2018) research into the reproductive function of cattle of the black-and-white breed of Baikal type in Irkutsk region are presented. The influence of the age at the first insemination and live weight on cows’ milk productivity, lifelong productivity and productive longevity was studied. The experiment was conducted on the basis of materials from the breeder-farm for breeding cattle of Baikal type on the groups of cows of different ages: up to 14–20 months and older. Cows inseminated at 16 months (7917 kg) had the best milk yield in the first lactation. The largest milk yield was obtained from inseminated cows with live weight of 401-410 kg. Milk production of these heifers was 7902 kg in the first lactation, 8792 kg – in the second and 8710 kg – in the third. It was revealed that age of cows and their live weight at the first successful insemination had a positive effect on the lifelong productivity and productive longevity of cows. Cows whose age at the first successful insemination was 15 or 16 months had a longer duration of productive use (productive life span of animals was 2561–2558 days, respectively). The highest lifelong productivity (34379–34585 kg) was obtained from the cows of this group. The economic efficiency of lifelong milk production was determined depending on the age of the first insemination. The highest lifelong milk productivity was obtained from cows, which were first inseminated at the age of 15–16 months. The largest revenue from sales of additional products was also received from the cows of this group (366,058–370,480 roubles per head). The results obtained allow to develop effective methods for increasing reproductive capacity of cattle.

The level of milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows depending on the duration of the open days period

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
I. E. Ivanova ◽  
N. E. Otekina ◽  
M. A. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Experimental Group

The open days period is one of the components of the physiological cycle of the cow, during which it must be prepared for effective insemination. The duration of this period as a production indicator gives a general idea of the reproductive traits of the herd as a whole, and of each animal in particular. In order to increase milk production, it is possible to extend the open days period to obtain a longer lactation. Studies of this issue show that at the same time the dry period also extends and the average daily milk yield as the whole for lactation decreases. The purpose of the research was to determine the level of milk productivity and reproductive ability of cows depending on the duration of the open days period. The research has been carried out under the conditions in the APC “Emurtlinsky” in the Tyumen region, which is a breeding farm for the breeding of cattle of Holstein breed. It has been found that with an increase in the duration of the open days period from 93 days in the control group to 146 days in the experimental group the duration of barrenness was 3 and 56 days, respectively. It has been found that on the 1st day of milk yield per cow, the milk loss was 4,9 kg, and the absolute annual milk loss in the cows of the experimental group was in the range of 275 kg. The conducted studies suggest that with the increase in the duration of calving interval, there is the decrease in the milk yield of cows per year. The use of cows with the increase in the open days period above the norm recommended by specialists is unjustified. The increase in milk yield due to the lengthening of the lactation period is not effective, because it eventually leads to the increase in the number of days of barrenness and milk loss.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF HOLSTINIZED BLACK – AND-WHITE COWS

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
D.N. Bekbaeva ◽  
◽  
B.T. Kulataev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Service Period ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
Economic Use

The article presents a comparative assessment of the milk productivity, reproductive qualities and productive longevity of Holstein cows of the black-and-white breed, depending on the first insemination of heifers and their linear affiliation. The optimal age of fertilization was established, taking into account the live weight and the duration of economic use of Holstinized black-and-white cows in the conditions of a peasant farm. A comparative analysis of the exterior of cows found that the optimal age for the first fruitful insemination of Holstein heifers of the black-and-white breed is 16-17 months, that cows with the age of the first insemination of 16-17 months to the third lactation came with higher indicators of linear evaluation. The economic efficiency of increasing milk productivity, reproductive qualities and productive longevity is determined depending on the age of the first insemination and the linear affiliation of Holstein cows of the black-and-white breed of cattle in the Almaty region. Keywords: reproduction, longevity, milk productivity, age of the first calving, insemination, live weight of cows, service period, dry period, blood oximetry, protein composition of blood serum.

Realization of the potential of cows of Holstein breed of different generations in terms of productive traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
O. V. Nazarchenko ◽  
A. N. Rusanov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Productive Traits

Breeding work with dairy cattle in the Kurgan region is aimed at breeding animals that combine the adaptive properties and valuable traits of cattle of Black-and-White breed with a high proportion of genes of Holstein breed. Such animals are characterized by high productivity and suitability for intensive technology of their housing. The purpose of the research was to determine the indicators of milk productivity of first-calf heifers of different generations of Holstein breed, imported to the pedigree farms of the Kurgan region, as well as to determine the degree of realization of the genetic potential of animals. Scientific research has been carried out in the herd of CJSC “Glinka” (Kurgan), where highly productive cattle of Black-and-White and Holstein breeds are bred. The subject of research was the first-calf heifers of the imported Holstein breed of German selection of different generations, as well as the herdmates of Black-and-White breed. It has been found that the realization of the genetic potential for milk yield in Holstein cows of German breeding was higher and amounted to 76,4 %, in cows of Black-and-White breed 69,9 %. The highest milk yield for 305 days of lactation has been observed in the second generation of Holstein heifers 8905 kg, which exceeded the milk yield of herdmates of the second and third generations by 113 kg or 1,26 % and 174 kg or 1,95 %, respectively. The mass fraction of fat in German Holsteins of different generations ranged from 3,99 to 4,21 % (P < 0,001), while the mass fraction of protein in the milk of first-calf heifers varied slightly in the range from 3,18 to 3,20 %. In terms of live weight, the animals of the third generation slightly exceeded the herdmates of the 1st and 2nd generations by 19 kg or 3,25 % and 20 kg or 3,43 %, respectively. The largest profit has been received from the first-generation first-calf heifers of Holstein breed of German selection, where the level of profitability of milk production was 50,7 %, which was higher than that of the herdmates of the second and third generations by 3,9 and 7,9 %, respectively.

scholarly journals DAIRY INDEX OF COWS WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
L.R. Zagidullin ◽  
◽  
R.R. Shaydullin ◽  
T.M. Akhmetov ◽  
Ch.A. Kharisova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Homozygous Genotype ◽  
White Breed

The live weight and milk production index of black-and-white and Tatarstan type cows of the Kholmogory breed with different genotypes for genes CSN3, DGAT1, PRL, GH were studied. It was found that cows with the homozygous genotype CSN3 AA, DGAT1 AA, PRL AA, GH LL are characterized by a high milk yield index. Unlike other marker genes, the somatotropin gene had a greater effect on the body weight and milk production index of cows. Thus, in terms of live weight in the black-and-white breed, the superiority of individuals with the GH LL genotype by 43 kg (P <0.001), GH LV by 42 kg (P <0.001) was noted, and in terms of milk production, the advantage of cows with the GH LL genotype (984 and 1008) over GH LV by 40 (P <0.01); on the Kholmogory breed above GH LV by 26 (P <0.05), GH VV by 42 (P <0.05). Consequently, cows with allelic A variant of the CSN3, DGAT1, PRL genes and allelic L GH genes in their genomes exhibit high milk production at optimal live weight.

PRODUCTIVE LONGEVITY IN BROAD-BODIED AND NARROW-BODIED COWS OF BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Ю. ЧУПШЕВА ◽  
А.С. КАРАМАЕВА ◽  
С.В. КАРАМАЕВ
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Resistance Value ◽  
Hematological Values

Изучено продуктивное долголетие коров широкотелого и узкотелого типов телосложения в условиях интенсивной технологии производства молока. Объектом исследований служили коровы черно-пестрой породы, выбракованные из стада по разным причинам. Животные были разделены на 2 группы по типам телосложения при помощи индексов, вычисленных по результатам промеров. Анализ данных зоотехнического учета показал, что различия в строении тела и конституции формируются у них в процессе роста и развития. Выявлено, что живая масса первотелок широкотелого типа была больше, чем узкотелого, на 27,3 кг (5,3%; Р<0,01). При этом животные узкотелого типа превосходили своих сверстниц по высоте в холке на 2,7 см (2,0%; Р<0,001), глубине груди — на 2,4 см (3,3%; Р<0,001), косой длине туловища — на 2,2 см (1,4%; Р<0,05), но уступали им по ширине груди на 5,4 см (13,9%; Р<0,001), ширине в маклоках — на 1,7 см (3,2%; Р<0,001), обхвату груди — на 5,9 см (3,1%; Р<0,001). Гематологические показатели, независимо от типа телосложения коров, были в пределах физиологической нормы. Установлено, что показатели резистентности у животных широкотелого типа были достоверно выше по сравнению с коровами узкотелого типа. Это обусловило более высокую жизнеспособность особей широкотелого типа. Продолжительность жизни у них была дольше на 25,0% (Р<0,001), а период продуктивного использования — на 1,6 лактации (Р<0,001). В результате пожизненный удой коров широкотелого типа был выше на 6576 кг молока (33,4%; Р<0,001), несмотря на меньшую величину среднего удоя за лактацию на 12,5% (Р<0,001). Productive longevity in broad-bodied and narrow-bodied cows under the conditions of intensive milk production technology was studied. Black-and-white breed cows culled from the herd due to various reasons were used as the object of research. The animals were split into 2 groups according to their body types using the indices calculated according to the results of measurements. The analysis of zootechnic registration data showed that the differences in body structure and constitution are formed in the process of growth and development. It was found out that the live weight of broad-bodied first-calf cows exceeded the live weight of narrow-bodied cows by 27.3 kg (5.3%; P<0.01). Apart from that, narrow-bodied animals were superior to their herdmates in height at the withers by 2.7 cm (2.0%, P<0.001), chest depth — by 2.4 cm (3.3%; P<0.001), oblique torso length — 2.2 cm (1.4%; P<0.05), but were inferior in chest breadth by 5.4 cm (13.9%; P<0.001), head of femur width — by 1.7 cm (3.2%; P<0.001), and chest circumference — by 5.9 cm (3.1%; P<0.001). Without regard to the body type of the cows, their hematological values were within the physiological range. It was found, that resistance value in broad-bodied animals were reliably higher compared to those in narrow-bodied cows. This determined the higher viability of broad-bodied animals. Their life duration was longer by 25.0% (P<0.001), and the period of productive use — longer by 1.6 lactations (P<0.001). As a result, lifetime milk yield in broad-bodied cows was higher by 6576 kg of milk (33.4%; P<0.001) despite the value of average milk yield per lactation that was lower by 12.5% (P<0.001).

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