Diagnosis of subacute rumen acidosis in cows in the postpartum period when using digital technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Pavkin ◽  
F. E. Vladimirov
Keyword(s):  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

The purpose of the research was to determine the corelation between pH and temperature of the contents of the rumen and abomasum in the fi rst 10 days after calving and to evaluate these factors as prognostic signs for the diagnosis of subacute acidosis in cows. The temperature and pH of the rumen contents have been measured by using special boluses made for monitoring the physiological state of cattle. The temperature and pH of the abomasum contents have been measured by using abdominal cannulation. Before the study the selected cows were clinically examined in accordance with the general plan and were completely healthy. Clinical signs of acidosis (diarrhea, loss of appetite, and weak rumination) have been not detected. The average concentration of somatic cells count in the milk of the studied cows was 250±32 thousand/ml and the urea content in the milk was at the level of 25±4 mg/%. Boluses were placed orally in the rumen of the cows under study. In 7 cows, readings have been taken 2 times per day for 10 days (at 9 am and 9 pm). A total of 140 measurements have been made. A negative correlation has been observed between pH of the rumen contents and its temperature. Consequently, an increase in the acidity (decrease in pH) of the rumen content increases its temperature. A positive statistically signifi cant correlation has been established between the temperature of the rumen content and rectal temperature. By measuring the temperature of the contents of the rumen, it is possible to prevent the appearance of subacute rumen acidosis in cows.

scholarly journals Association between clinical respiratory signs, lung lesions detected by thoracic ultrasonography and growth performance in pre‐weaned dairy calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Cuevas-Gómez ◽  
Mark McGee ◽  
José María Sánchez ◽  
Edward O’Riordan ◽  
Nicky Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Lung Lobe ◽  
Lung Consolidation ◽  
Severe Lung

Abstract Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the main cause of mortality among 1-to-5 month old calves in Ireland, accounting for approximately one-third of deaths. Despite widespread use of clinical respiratory signs for diagnosing BRD, lung lesions are detected, using thoracic ultrasonography (TUS) or following post-mortem, in calves showing no clinical signs. This highlights the limitation of clinical respiratory signs as a method of detecting sub-clinical BRD. Using 53 purchased artificially-reared male dairy calves, the objectives of this study were to: (i) characterise the BRD incidence detected by clinical respiratory signs and/or TUS, (ii) investigate the association between clinical respiratory signs and lung lesions detected by TUS, and (iii) assess the effect of BRD on pre-weaning growth. Results Clinical BRD (based on Wisconsin clinical respiratory score and/or rectal temperature > 39.6 ºC) was detected in 43 % and sonographic changes (lung lesions) were detected in 64 % of calves from purchase (23 (SD; 6.2) days of age) until weaning, 53 days post-arrival. Calves with clinical BRD were treated. Sixty-one per cent calves affected with clinical BRD had lung lesions 10.5 days (median) before detection of clinical signs. Moderate correlations (rsp 0.70; P < 0.05) were found between cough and severe lung lesions on arrival day, and between rectal temperature > 39.6 ºC and lung lesions ≥ 2 cm2 on day 7 (rsp 0.40; P < 0.05) post-arrival. Mean average daily live weight gain (ADG) of calves from purchase to weaning was 0.75 (SD; 0.10) kg; calves with or without clinical BRD did not differ in ADG (P > 0.05), whereas ADG of those with severe lung lesions (lung lobe completely consolidated or pulmonary emphysema) was 0.12 kg/d less (P < 0.05) than calves without lung lesions. Conclusions Thoracic ultrasonography detected lung consolidation in calves that did not show signs of respiratory disease. The presence of severe lung lesions was associated with reduced pre-weaning growth. These findings emphasise the importance of using TUS in addition to clinical respiratory scoring of calves for an early and accurate detection of clinical and sub-clinical BRD.

scholarly journals Effect of diet on maintenance of acid-basal balance in blood of dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-172
Author(s):  
T. Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
Rumen Acidosis

High-performance breeds of ruminants often exhibit production disorders which can be accompanied by a disturbed acid-basal balance. Most of the disorders in the acid-basal balance are closely related to digressions in the diet norms of these animals. A deficiency or surplus of energy equally cause disorders in the acid-basal status of the organism. Metabolic acidosis is the most frequent of the four types of basic disorders in the acid-basal balance in ruminants. It appears as a consequence of rumen acidosis, ketosis, or diarrhea. Acute disorders in the acid-basal balance are far more dangerous than chronic ones. Therapy of the basic diseases is generally sufficient compensation for the effects of the acid-basal disorders, but in certain cases it is necessary to perform alkalization, that is, acidification of the rumen content using the necessary preparations.

scholarly journals ОРНІТОЗ У ПАПУГ

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3(71)) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
N.H. Sorokinа ◽  
O.K. Halchynska ◽  
V.S. Lepushynska
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Psittacosis – a zooanthroponosis infection. In humans, the disease can manifest atypical pneumonia, enteritis, peritonitis, encephalitis. In parrots the disease starts with loss of appetite, drowsiness, weakness, fever, appearance of conjunctivitis, rhinitis and diarrhea. The causative agent of psittacosis in parrots are obligate intracellular microorganism Chlamydophila psittaci, which enters the body through the epithelium of the mucous membranes of respiratory tract. Its reproduction and accumulation occurs in the epithelial, and lymphoid reticulohistiocytosis cells. Chlamydia capable to long time cellular localization, can penetrate into the various organs and systems: the lungs, the nervous, cardiovascular system, liver. Parrot, who had been ill for psittacosis, is usually long remain carriers of Chlamydia. This article contains the definition of «psittacosis» as the disease, etiology, pathogenesis, main clinical features of parrots, pathological changes, especially the diagnosis, treatment and prevention. This materials are can help to owners of parrot and veterinary professionals to understand the disease, clinical signs, modern methods of diagnosis, prevention and therapy of psittacosis. 

Molybdenosis Leading to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Swedish Moose

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Frank
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Trace Element Pattern ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Mucosal Oedema ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The “mysterious moose disease” also called “wasting disease” is affecting moose in a strongly acidified region of southwestern Sweden. Chemical investigations of animals from the affected region have been performed since 1988 and several articles are already published (Frank et al. 1994, Frank 1998, Frank et al. 1999, 2000a, b, c, d). The numerous clinical signs and necropsy findings have included diarrhea, loss of appetite, emaciation, discoloration and loss of hair, apathy, osteoporosis, and neurological signs such as behavioral and locomotor disturbances (Rehbinder et al. 1991, Stéen et al. 1993). Further findings were mucosal oedema, hyperemia, hemorrhages and lesions of the mucosa in the gastrointestinal tract, hemosiderosis of the spleen and liver, dilated flabby heart, alveolar emphysema, and uni- or bilateral corneal opacity. Not all the symptoms appear simultaneously in one and the same animal. About 150—180 affected animals have been reported annually since the late 1980s. An increase in molybdenum (Mo) and a decrease in copper and cadmium (Cu, Cd) content in organ tissues (e.g., liver) are signs of a disturbed trace element balance found in affected animals (Frank 1998). To confirm the findings and to elucidate the mechanisms leading to molybdenosis and Cu deficiency, experimental studies were performed in goats. The feeding studies were performed in a controlled laboratory environment and a semi-synthetic diet was supplied (Frank et al. 2000c). Despite considerable differences in species and living conditions between goat and moose, similar changes in trace element pattern and clinical chemical parameters were observed in both species. The study shows that the etiology of the moose disease is basically molybdenosis followed by Cu deficiency, inter alia (Frank et al. 2000a,b,d). Mo is an essential trace element that controls the metabolism of Cu in ruminants. Increased Mo concentrations relative to Cu in feed results in Cu deficiency, whereas the converse leads to an accumulation of Cu, even to Cu poisoning (e.g., in sheep). In an acidified environment, the molybdate anion is adsorbed in the soil, contrary to positively charged metals. The presence of Mo and Cu in the environment is basically dependent mainly on geochemistry, influenced by numerous physical and chemical parameters (Selinus et al. 1996, Selinus and Frank 2000).

scholarly journals Hematological alterations during experimental canine infection by Trypanosoma cruzi

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes ◽  
Vanja Maria Veloso ◽  
Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo ◽  
Juliana Santiago-Silva ◽  
Geovan Crepalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Canine Infection ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Experimental Canine ◽  
Hematological Alterations

To confirm that Beagle dogs are a good experimental model for Chagas disease, we evaluated hematological alterations during the acute and chronic phases in Beagle dogs infected with the Y, Berenice-78 (Be-78) and ABC strains of Trypanosomacruzi, correlating clinical signs with the parasitemia curve. We demonstrate that the acute phase of infection was marked by lethargy and loss of appetite. Simultaneously, we observed anemia, leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. Also,we describe hematological alterations and clinical signs that were positively correlated with the parasitemia during the experimental infection with the three strains of T.cruzi, and demonstrate that experimental infection of Beagle is a trustworthy model for Chagas disease.

scholarly journals MILK LIPIDS AND SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Danchuk ◽  
V. Ushkalov ◽  
S. Midyk ◽  
L. Vigovska ◽  
O. Danchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
The Body

This article deals with the process of obtaining quality raw milk by analyzing its lipid composition. The lipid composition of raw milk depends on many factors, among which, first of all, is the species, the composition of the diet and the physiological state of the breast. In recent years, a large amount of data has accumulated on the fluctuations of certain lipid parameters of milk depending on the type, age, lactation, diet, time of year, exercise, animal husbandry technology, physiological state of the lactating organism in general and breast status in particular. Factors of regulation of fatty acid composition of raw milk: genetically determined parameters of quality and safety; fatty acid composition of the diet; synthesis of fatty acids by microorganisms of the digestive tract; synthesis of fatty acids in the breast; physiological state of the breast. The milk of each species of productive animals has its own specific lipid profile and is used in the formulation of certain dairy products to obtain the planned technological and nutritional parameters. Diagnosis of productive animals for subclinical mastitis involves the use of auxiliary (thermometry, thermography, electrical conductivity) and laboratory research methods: counting the number of somatic cells; use of specialized tests; microbiological studies of milk; biochemical studies of milk. The biochemical component in the diagnosis of subclinical forms of mastitis is underestimated. An increase in body temperature implies an increase in the intensity of heat release during the oxidation of substrates, sometimes due to a decrease in the intensity of synthesis of energy-intensive compounds. There are simply no other sources of energy in the body. The situation is the same with certain parts of the metabolism, which are aimed at the development of protective reactions to the etiological factor aimed at the defeat of the breast. That is why the biochemical composition of breast secretions in the absence of clinical signs of mastitis undergoes biochemical changes and the task of scientists is to develop mechanisms for clear tracking of such changes, identification of animals with subclinical forms of mastitis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals Esubacute acidosis in rumen of high-yield dairy cows: Prevalence and prevention

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
Branko Petrujkic ◽  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Milan Adamovic ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rumen Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Buffer Effect ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Rumen Acidosis ◽  
Experimental Group

The objective of the investigations presented in this paper was to establish the frequency of the incidence of subacute acidosis in the rumen of cows (SARA) in the first three months of lactation and the possibilities for its prevention using a mineral mix based on bentonite, zeolite, magnesium oxide, and sodium bicarbonate (Mix plus). The values obtained for the rumen pH content show that subacute rumen acidosis occurs in in 20 percent of the examined cows in the early stage of lactation. For these investigations, cows in early stages of lactation were chosen and divided into 2 groups. Cows of the experimental group were administered a fodder mix which contained the mineral mix for a buffer effect (Mix plus). The average values of the rumen pH content in the control and the experimental group of cows at the beginning and on the 30th day of the experiment were approximately the same and did not differ significantly (p>0.05). On the 60th day of the experiment, the values for the electrochemical reaction of the rumen content for the control group amounted to an average of 6.219?0.18, and for the experimental group of cows it was 6.772?0.23. The obtained difference was statistically very significant (p<0.001). At the end of the experiment, on the 90th day, the average pH value of the rumen content of cows of the control group was 6.308?0.16, while this value in the experimental group of cows was significantly higher and amounted to 6.676?0.29 (p<0.01).

scholarly journals Urinary Bladder Stone Removal Surgery in Sulcata tortoise (Geochelon sulcata) with Lateral Plastron Osteotomy Technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-637
Author(s):  
Dian Ayu Kartika Sari ◽  
Desty Apritya
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Bladder Stone ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Stone Removal ◽  
Safe Area ◽  
Osteotomy Technique ◽  
History Of ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

This paper aimed to examine the management of urinary calculi of a sulcata tortoise. A 5-year-old Sulcata tortoise (Geochelon sulcata) was presented with a history of dehydration, loss of appetite, and lameness. Clinical signs and radiographic examination indicated urinary calculi in the urinary bladder. Radiographic results revealed that there was a radiopaque urinary calculi mass. Plastron osteotomy and cystotomy techniques were used to remove urinary calculi. The appetite of the tortoise returned to normal in a week after the surgery. The lateral plastron is an appropriate osteotomy technique, especially for the immediate opening of the plastron with a stone-filled bladder. This was a safe area to open plastron since it was far from the heart. This method was not beneficial for the tortoise in their infancy since it would interrupt the development of plastron formation resulting in the postoperative asymmetrical plastron structure.

scholarly journals PRIMARY HYPOADRENOCORTICISM IN A DOG

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Denner Santos dos Anjos ◽  
Veronica Jorge Babo-Terra ◽  
Mariana Isa Poci Palumbo
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Capillary Refill ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fludrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Acute Crisis

This report describes the clinical and laboratorial findings as well as the therapeutic protocol performed in a three-year-old mongrel female intact dog, referred to the Veterinary Hospital of FAMEZ/UFMS. The animal had a previous history of recurrent gastrointestinal signs (such as lethargy, vomiting, loss of appetite, melena and abdominal pain), acute crisis episodes, bradycardia, hypotension, hypothermia and increase of capillary refill time, recognized as addisonian crisis due to primary hypoadrenocorticism. Laboratorial findings included anemia, eosinophilia, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, sodium-potassium ratio of 14,02 mEq/L and prerenal azotemia. Based on that, it was confirmed the diagnosis of primary hypoadrenocorcitism. Thus, it was recommended supplementation therapy with mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) and glucocorticoid (cortisol) corresponding respectively, fludrocortisone acetate of 0.2 mg per kg of BW, by mouth, once daily and prednisone 0.2 mg per kg of BW, by mouth, twice daily until further recommendations. The prognostic was excellent, since the animal significantly improved body condition, andclinical signs disappeared after therapy which lead the sodium-potassium ratio to 35.11 mEq/L. Thus, the clinician must always suspect of primary hypoadrenocorticism in dogs with intermittent nonspecific signs that get better with support therapy. Presumably, hypoarenocorticism must be under diagnosed in veterinary medicine, reinforcing the need to require specific exams in patients that show this wax and wane feature of clinical signs.

scholarly journals Rhodococcus in foal, from diagnosis to treatment: Case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suellen Cristina Guedes da Luz ◽  
◽  
Márcio Augusto Ferreira ◽  
Juliana Weckx Peña Muñoz ◽  
André Rinaldi Fukushima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Rhodococcus Equi ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Flunixin Meglumine ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
Hydrochloride Solution

The present work reports a case of a foal affected by Rhodococcus equi, an optional intracellular gram-positive pleomorphic cocobacillus, which, when eliminated with the feces of infected animals, in the soil becomes a potential pathogen, capable of causing mainly piogranulomatous bronchopneumonia. The animal, a 23-day-old Brazilian equestrian foal, was sent to the veterinary hospital with hyperthermia, increased heart and respiratory rates, crackle in tracheal auscultation, loss of appetite and prostration. After hematological, ultrasound, radiographic examinations, and collection of tracheal lavages for culture and PCR, the definitive diagnosis of rhodococcosis was obtained, which is a bacterial disease that mainly affects foals, has a worldwide distribution and has a great economic impact on equine culture. Based on the results, treatment with azithromycin, rifampin, flunixin meglumine, sucralfate, ranitidine hydrochloride and amoxicillin with clavulanate was instituted, associated with nebulization with acetylcysteine diluted to 0.9% sodium hydrochloride solution. After a few weeks, there was no evolution in the results of the ultrasound and radiographic exams, however the hematological exams were within the reference levels, there was a significant clinical improvement, and the animal was discharged. It is noteworthy that early diagnosis was essential for the effectiveness of treatment and remission of clinical signs. Keywords: rhodococcosis; foals; rhodococcus equi.

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