The traits of the behavior of sled dogs depending on their origin

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-51
Author(s):  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
A. V. Dikov
Keyword(s):  
Average Degree ◽  
Lower Score ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Behavioral Trait ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sports Type

A dog is a unique animal, capable of complex relationships not only with its relatives, but also with a man. Impulsivity is a behavioral trait described as the inability to postpone behavior in the presence of significant signals. The purpose of the work was to study the traits of the behavior of sled dogs depending on their origin. The studies have been carried out on dogs of the breeds of Siberian and Alaskan husky. The animals have been divided into groups: the 1st group Siberian husky (show type); the 2nd group – Siberian husky (sports type); the 3rd group – Alaskan husky. It has been found that Siberian husky of the show type and the Siberian husky of the sports type were indifferent to the shot (4,6 points). Alaskan husky dogs received a significantly lower score of 3,5 points (P > 0,95). According to the degree of excitability, the ratio of animal ratings in the studied groups was distributed as follows; the dogs of the 3rd group had the high degree of excitability, which received 2,8±0,09 points out of 3 possible points. Significantly lower scores of 2,0 and 2,2 were awarded to individuals of the 1st and 2nd groups (Siberian husky of show and sports types) with the significant difference of P > 0,999 and P > 0,95, respectively, in relation to animals of the 3rd group (Alaskan husky). For the 1st and 2nd groups of dogs, the average degree of excitability was more characteristic. While in the 3rd group there were no dogs with the low degree of excitability. The dogs of Siberian husky show-type did not show fear and fright towards a man. In the dogs of Siberian husky show type, the passive-defensive reaction was not expressed.

scholarly journals TOLAK UKUR FUNGSI HATI BERDASARKAN DERAJAT FIBROSIS PENYAKIT HATI KRONIS (Liver Function Parameters based on Degree of Liver Fibrosis in Chronic Liver Disease)

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rahmafitria Rahmafitria ◽  
Mutmainnah Mutmainnah ◽  
Ibrahim Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Degree

Evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis degree is invasive as well as uncomfortable, therefore, non invasive examinations such as liverfunction tests and elastography (Fibro Scan) as a predictor‘s device of liver fibrosis degree are necessary. The aim of this study was toknow the differences of liver function parameters based on the fibrosis degree in patients with chronic liver disease. This study was a crosssectional design using data from chronic liver disease patients treated at the Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. The elasticity of the liverwas measured using a fibro scan device during June 2010–July 2011. The analysis was carried out by ANOVA test on various parametersof liver function particularly on the fibrosis degree in chronic liver disease. In this study PT, albumin, total bilirubin and platelet countshowed a significant difference of 0.019, 0.009, 0.017 and 0.000 respectively. The mean values of PT and total bilirubin were significantlyhigher in the high degree of fibrosis compared to those with medium and low degree of fibrosis in the chronic liver disease patients. Basedon this study, the mean albumin levels and platelet count were significantly lower in the high degree of fibrosis compared with the mediumand low degree of fibrosis, however, no significant differences in AST, ALT, APTT and GGT were found.

scholarly journals Transverse Sinus Stenosis in Venous Pulsatile Tinnitus Patients May Lead to Brain Perfusion and White Matter Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoshuai Li ◽  
Ning Xu ◽  
Xuxu Meng ◽  
Chihang Dai ◽  
Xiaoyu Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Structural Mri ◽  
Transverse Sinus ◽  
Pulsatile Tinnitus ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sinus Stenosis ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
High Degree

Objective: Transverse sinus stenosis (TSS) is associated with various symptoms, but whether it can lead to pathological brain changes is unclear. This study aimed to investigate brain changes in venous pulsatile tinnitus (PT) patients with TSS.Materials and Methods: In this study, fifty-five consecutive venous PT patients and fifty age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) were investigated. In CT venography, the combined conduit score (CCS) was used to assess the degree of TSS in venous PT patients. Magnetic resonance venography was used to assess TSS in HCs. All the participants had undergone arterial spin labeling and structural MRI scans.Results: Two patients without TSS and ten HCs with TSS were excluded. Fifty-three venous PT patients with TSS and 40 HCs without TSS were included in this study. All the patients had unilateral cases: 16 on the left and 37 on the right. Based on the CCS, the patients were divided into high-degree TSS (a score of 1–2) (n = 30) and low-degree TSS groups (a score of 3–4) (n = 23). In the whole brain and gray matter, the patients with high-degree TSS showed decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) compared with patients with low-degree TSS as well as HCs (P < 0.05), and no significant difference in CBF was found in patients with low-degree TSS and HCs (P > 0.05). In white matter (WM) regions, the patients with high-degree TSS exhibited decreased CBF relative to the HCs (P < 0.05). The incidence of cloud-like WM hyperintensity was significantly higher in the above two patient groups than in the HC group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: TSS in venous PT patients may lead to decreased CBF and cloud-like WM hyperintensity. These neuroimaging findings may provide new insights into pathological TSS in venous PT.

scholarly journals The level of inclusion of 21st Century Skills in mathematics book for the second intermediate grade in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in light of the mutual dimensions of the Education and Training Evaluation Commission.

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 447-496
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alharbi ◽  
◽  
Nasser Al harbi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
First Century ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Intermediate Grade ◽  
First Semester ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
High Degree ◽  
And Training ◽  
Mathematics Book

The research aims to identify the level of including the twenty-first century skills in mathematics book for the second intermediate grade in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, in light of the mutual dimensions of the Education and Training Evaluation Commission. The research used the descriptive and analytical approach, and its tool was a content analysis card consisting of (30) indicators, they are divided into six (6) main axes, and the research community and its sample are from the mathematics book for the second intermediate class for the two semesters: (first and second) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, edition (1441 / 2019), and the results of the research showed the following: -The percentage of inclusion of twenty-first century skills in the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade as a whole is (38.44%), with an average degree of inclusion. - The percentage of including the skill of critical thinking and problem solving in the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade was (87.48%) with a high degree of inclusion; It was available in the first semester by (83.39%), and in the second semester it was (91.90%) with a high degree of inclusion in both semesters. - The percentage of inclusion of the creative thinking skill in the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade was (49.95%) with a moderate degree of availability, as it was available in the first semester by (53.83%), and it was available in the second semester at a rate of (45.76%) with an average degree of inclusion in both semesters. - The percentage of inclusion of communication skill in the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade was (34.93%) with an average degree of availability, as it was available in the first semester at a rate of (39.39%) with an average degree of inclusion, and it was available in the second semester at a rate of (29.93%) with a low degree of inclusion. - The percentage of including the skill of using technology in the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade was (16.39%) with a low degree of inclusion; Where it was available in the first semester by (16.90%), and in the second semester it was (15.98%) with a low degree of inclusion in both semesters. - The percentage of inclusion of the self-learning skill in the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade was (25.72%) with a low degree of inclusion; Where it was available in the first semester by (23.13%), and it was available in the second semester by (28.21%) with a low degree of inclusion in both semesters. - The percentage of including the skill of cooperation and social participation in the mathematics book for the second intermediate grade was (16.17%) with a low degree of inclusion; Where it was available in the first semester by (13.81%), and it was available in the second semester by (19.23%) with a low degree of inclusion in both semesters.

Effect of eccentricity of overnight lenses on 2-year axial growth and visual quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-227
Author(s):  
Zi-Yang Chen ◽  
◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Yan-Hong Hu ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Quality ◽  
Lens Position ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Axial Growth

AIM: To explore the effect of eccentricity of overnight orthokeratology (OK) lenses on 2-year eye axial growth and visual quality. METHODS: Based on the degree of eccentricity of OK lenses, patients were divided into three groups: a low degree of eccentricity group (degree of eccentricity ≤0.5 mm), a group of moderate eccentricity (eccentric degree >0.5-1.0 mm) and a group with a high degree of eccentricity (eccentric degree >1-1.5 mm). The degree of eccentricity of the OK lens, spherical equivalent (SE), the uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) after wearing OK lenses, axial length (AL) before and after wearing OK lenses, total higher-order aberrations (HOA), comas, and spherical aberrations (SA) for 3 mm pupils were analyzed. The difference among the three groups for all parameters was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis H Rank-Sum test. RESULTS: The study retrospectively analyzed 75 cases (139 eyes). In the low eccentricity group (53 eyes), the mean age was 11.4±2.4y, SE was -3.24±1.48 D, and AL was 24.85±1.01 mm. In the moderate eccentricity group (53 eyes), the mean age was 11.4±2.2y, SE was -3.22±1.29 D, and AL was 25.15±0.92 mm. In the high eccentricity group (31 eyes), the mean age was 11.5±1.9y, SE was -3.54±1.43 D, and AL was 24.95±0.84mm. After two years, there was no significant difference in the changes of the axis among the three groups (P=0.089). The HOA, SA, and coma in the high eccentric group were significantly higher than in the middle eccentric group (P<0.05). The HOA, SA, and coma in the high eccentric group were also significantly higher than those in the low eccentric group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: For OK lenses, it is unnecessary to strictly require the absolute centralization of the lens position. An unnecessary change of the lenses may delay the eye-axis control. However, the balance between axial control and visual quality should be assessed.

scholarly journals Relation Between Degree of Anger and Gender - A Case Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
Sankara Pitchaiah Podila
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Statistical Tools ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Degree

Usually, anger is a normal, healthy human emotion. Anger, impairs one's ability to process information and to exert cognitive control over their behavior. The response was taken from 2743 students (male:1589) and female (1154) Government schools of Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. The students were asked to respond for a question “Are you getting anger frequently/sometimes/ never. Statistical tools were used to analyze the data. Under high degree anger the recorded highest percentage was 38.83 for males (SJRR school) and 28.64 for females (SK school). In the case of low degree the percentages are 18.75 and 18.06. The study found that there is a significant difference between the degree of anger and gender, i.e., high percent of males had high degree, compared to female. As the anger has Influence on health and career, parents shall arrange the counseling for their children to manage the anger.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Detection of Carbapenemase Production in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Modified Hodge Test and Modified Strip Carba NP Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Patidar ◽  
Nitya Vyas ◽  
Shanoo Sharma ◽  
Babita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Objective Carbapenems are last resort antibiotics for multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. However, resistance to carbapenem is increasing at an alarming rate worldwide leading to major therapeutic failures and increased mortality rate. Early and effective detection of carbapenemase producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is therefore key to control dissemination of carbapenem resistance in nosocomial as well as community-acquired infection. The aim of present study was to evaluate efficacy of Modified strip Carba NP (CNP) test against Modified Hodge test (MHT) for early detection of carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). Material and Methods Enterobacteriaceae isolated from various clinical samples were screened for carbapenem resistance. A total of 107 CRE were subjected to MHT and Modified strip CNP test for the detection of CPE. Statistical Analysis It was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software, IBM India; version V26. Nonparametric test chi-square and Z-test were used to analyze the results within a 95% level of confidence. Results Out of 107 CRE, 94 (88%) were phenotypically confirmed as carbapenemase producer by Modified strip CNP test and 46 (43%) were confirmed by Modified Hodge Test (MHT). Thirty-eight (36%) isolates showed carbapenemase production by both MHT and CNP test, 56 isolates (52%) were CNP test positive but MHT negative, eight (7%) isolates were MHT positive but CNP test negative and five (5%) isolates were both MHT and CNP test negative. There is statistically significant difference in efficiency of Modified CNP test and MHT (p < 0.05). Conclusion Modified strip CNP test is simple and inexpensive test which is easy to perform and interpret and gives rapid results in less than 5 minutes. It has high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Modified strip CNP test shows significantly higher detection capacity for carbapenemase producers as compared with MHT.

Stimulation of β-(l → 6)-glucanase production by oxidized pustulan

1972 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 1543-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Degree Of Oxidation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Stimulation Of

A strain of Penicillium lilacinum, isolated from soil, produced pustulanase, β-(1 → 3)-glucanase, (EC. 3.2.1.6) and cellulase (EC.3.2.1.4) when cultivated on a medium containing pustulan as the sole source of carbon. If pustulan was replaced by ketopustulan, the production of pustulanase was stimulated about 10-fold although the amount of stimulation was dependent on the degree of oxidation of pustulan. β-(1 → 3)-Glucanase production was stimulated slightly by ketopustulan; however, the degree of oxidation did not affect significantly the yield of this enzyme. Cellulase production was either unaffected by the oxidized polymer, or at higher degrees of oxidation, decreased. Tween 80 stimulated the production of the three enzymes in media containing ketopustulan with a low degree of oxidation but was inhibitory to pustulanase and cellulase production in media containing ketopustulan with a high degree of oxidation. A combination of gel filtration and isoelectric focusing revealed that each enzyme activity was attributable to at least two proteins.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Chill-Hours and Degree-Days Affect Carpogenic Germination in Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Scherm ◽  
A. T. Savelle ◽  
P. L. Pusey
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Carpogenic Germination ◽  
Conditioning Period ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Heating Degree Days ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship of cumulative chill-hours (hours with a mean temperature <7.2°C) and heating degree-days (base 7.2°C) to carpogenic germination of pseudosclerotia of Monilinia vaccinii-corymbosi, which causes mummy berry disease of blueberry, was investigated. In two laboratory experiments, pseudosclerotia collected from rabbiteye blueberry in Georgia were conditioned at 5 to 6°C for 26 to 1,378 h prior to placement in conditions favorable for germination and apothecium development. The number of chill-hours accumulated during the conditioning period affected the subsequent proportion of pseudosclerotia that germinated and produced apothecia, with the greatest incidence of carpogenic germination occurring after intermediate levels of chilling (≈700 chill-hours). The minimum chilling requirement for germination and apothecium production was considerably lower than that reported previously for pseudo-sclerotia from highbush blueberry in northern production regions. The rate of carpogenic germination was strongly affected by interactions between the accumulation of chill-hours and degree-days during the conditioning and germination periods; pseudosclerotia exposed to prolonged chilling periods, once transferred to suitable conditions, germinated and produced apothecia more rapidly (after fewer degree-days had accumulated) than those exposed to shorter chilling periods. Thus, pseudosclerotia of M. vaccinii-corymbosi are adapted to germinate carpogenically following cold winters (high chill-hours, low degree-days) as well as warm winters (low chill-hours, high degree-days). Results were validated in a combined field-laboratory experiment in which pseudosclerotia that had received various levels of natural chilling were allowed to germinate in controlled conditions in the laboratory, and in two field experiments in which pseudosclerotia were exposed to natural chilling and germination conditions. A simple model describing the timing of apothecium emergence in relation to cumulative chill-hours and degree-days was developed based on the experiments. The model should be useful for better timing of field scouting programs for apothecia to aid in management of primary infection by M. vaccinii-corymbosi.

Leadership Styles of Public Schools Principals in the City of Hail in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: أنماط القيادة لدى مدراء مدارس التعليم العام في مدينة حائل في المملكة العربية السعودية

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (41) ◽  
pp. 161-138
Author(s):  
Fahad Husain Alshammari Fahad Husain Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
School Principals ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Public School Principals ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Study Population ◽  
High Degree

    This study aimed to: Identify the leadership style prevailing among public school principals in Hail from the teachers ’point of view, and to reveal the statistical significance of the differences in the estimates of the study sample individuals of the leadership style prevailing among school principals, which may due to variables of (educational stage, number of years of experience, and specialization). The researcher used the descriptive method, and prepared a questionnaire consisting of (24) statements distributed to (3) dimensions, which are: Democratic style, authoritarian style and chaotic style. The current study population included all the teachers of public education schools in Hail, who numbered (9390) teachers. The questionnaire was applied to a random sample of (296) teachers. The study found a set of results, the most important of which are: The prevailing leadership style among school principals is the democratic style, followed by the authoritarian style, and then the chaotic style. Where the democratic style obtained a mean (4.18) and a high degree of approval from the study sample, while the domineering style obtained a mean (1.83) and a low degree of approval from the study sample, and the chaotic style obtained an average (1.73) and a low degree of approval. Very members of the study sample. The results also showed that there are statistically significant differences in the degree of the study sample’s estimates of the leadership style prevailing among school principals due to the variable of years of experience, while there are no statistically significant differences in the degree of the study sample’s estimates of the leadership style prevailing among school principals due to the variables of the educational stage or specialization. In light of these results, the researcher recommended organizing training courses for school principals to enlighten them about the modern trends in educational leadership, and urged school principals to follow the democratic style of administration.

Effect of a single bout of exercise and chronic exercise training on insulin sensitivity in racing sled dogs

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Pratt-Phillips ◽  
R.J. Geor ◽  
M. Buser ◽  
A. Zirkle ◽  
A. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Challenge ◽  
Sled Dogs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Three Stages

Two experiments were designed to investigate the role of exercise on insulin sensitivity (IS) in Alaskan racing sled dogs. In both experiments, IS was quantified with an isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (IHC), whereby IS was defined as the glucose infusion rate (GIR) divided by the mean insulin concentration during the clamp. In Experiment 1, IS was quantified in 12 racing sled dogs during three stages of exercise training: unexercised for 4 months over the summer (deconditioned), and after two and four months of exercise conditioning. At each stage IS was assessed in unexercised dogs (n=6) and 60 h following a standard exercise challenge (n=6) consisting of a 35.4 km run completed in 2.5 h. In Experiment 2, IS was assessed in deconditioned dogs (n=6) and in well-conditioned dogs that had either completed a 708 km race 5-days prior (n=3) or were unraced for the previous month (n=3). In Experiment 1, there were no significant differences (Pã0.05) in GIR or IS between the three levels of conditioning, nor were there any effects of the exercise bout 60 h prior to the IHC. In Experiment 2 there was no significant difference in IS between well-conditioned dogs and untrained dogs (Pã0.05). However, dogs that completed a 708 km race 5-days prior to the IHC had a significantly higher IS than dogs that were deconditioned and those that were conditioned but unraced. These results suggest that the workload of an exercise challenge is a factor in post-exercise changes in IS but that exercise conditioning has little impact on IS in Alaskan sled dogs.

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