scholarly journals Biological properties of ordinary сhernozem and productivity of oilseed flax when applying the preparation «Agrobions» and mineral fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
A.T. Khusainov ◽  
◽  
G.T. Kyzdarbekova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
State University ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Flax Seeds

Among the main processes of soil degradation is the depletion of organic carbon in the soil. Increasing soil fertility can reduce the risks of soil degradation and improve the environment. This article presents the results of a study of the biological properties of ordinary Chernozem and the yield of oilseed flax when applying the preparation «Agrobions» and mineral fertilizers. Field experiments were conducted on the experimental field Of the training and research and production center «Elite» of the Kokshetau state University named after sh.Ualikhanov. The microbiological activity of the soil was determined by the method of flax seed applicationand the microflora was taken into account by seeding the soil suspension on solid nutrient media. The effect of the preparation «Agrobions» in combination with mineral fertilizers on the composition of microflora, microbiological activity of common black soil and the yield of oilseed flax seeds was established. The preparation of «Agrobionov» in combination with mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the number of agronomically valuable groups of microorganisms and on the yield of oilseed flax.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

scholarly journals Efficiency of application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations on winter barley in the conditions of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Alexander Tsykora ◽  
◽  
Vera Kamenevа
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Bacterial Preparations ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Field experiments on ordinary black soil were conducted in 2018-2021 in the Rostov region. The object of research was a variety of winter barley Master. The predecessor is corn for grain. Bacte-rial preparations developed at the All-Russian Institute of Agricultural Microbiology (VNIISHM) in St. Petersburg contain strains of associative microorganisms-nitrogen fixators: Mizorin, Ri-zoagrin, Extrasol. They were applied to barley seeds in the pre-sowing period. It was found that the use of Mizorin (600 g /ha) for seed treatment before sowing against the background of a near-sowing application of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer in the form of a mixture of ammophos and ammonium nitrate at a dose of N30P30, nitrogen fertilization by a scattered surface method with ammonium nitrate at a dose of 30 kg/ ha of the active substance increased the increase in grain yield on average for 3 years compared with the control variant by 0.71 t/ ha or by 14.4%. The use of the biological preparation Mizorin without mineral fertilizers against the background of natural soil fertility increased the yield compared to the control variant by 0.31 t /ha or by 6.3%. On av-erage, in 2019-2021, the protein content in winter barley grain in the control variant was 10.7%, which provided a protein harvest equal to 528 kg/ha. Against the background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers at a dose of N30P30 and nitrogen fertilizing at a dose of 30 kg / ha, the max-imum increase in protein content was obtained in the variant with the use of Mizorin, which compared to the control variant was 1.1%, while the protein harvest increased by 138 kg/ha or 26.1%. Keywords: WINTER BARLEY, ORDINARY BLACK SOIL, BACTERIAL PREPARATIONS, MINERAL FERTILIZERS

scholarly journals The effect of mineral and organomineral fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat on the southern black soil in the condi-tions of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 20-20
Author(s):  
Artem Ermilov ◽  
◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
Vladimir Turchin ◽  
Vera Kamenevа
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer System

Field experiments were conducted in 2017-2020 on the southern black soil in the conditions of the Lower Don. The Doneko winter wheat variety was sown. The predecessor of wheat is corn for grain. Mineral fertilizers were represented by ammonium nitrate (34.4%), nitroammophosk (16-16-16) and carbamide (46%), which acted as a background option in the scheme of the ex-periment. Organomineral fertilizers were preceded by the following agrochemicals: Ruther, Leyli 2000, Alga 1000/Turbo, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Garden (Master Green Mix) and Double Vine (Monocaliphosphate). In the experiment, options for the joint use of non-root application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. It was found that the use of organomineral fertilizers Ruther (0.5 or 0.25 l/ton) and Leyli (0.25 l/ton) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l/ha) and Humiful Pro (0.2 l/ha) in spring tillering and in the flag leaf phase against the background of a starter treatment mineral fertilizer in the form of azofoska at a dose of N32P32K32, fertilizing on frozen-thawed soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and non-root topdressing with carbamide in the phase, earing at a dose of N20 increased the increase in grain yield on average for 3 years compared to the control variant (farm fertilizer system) by 0.73 t/ha or by 23.0%. The greatest increase in yield from the Router root-forming agent used for seed treatment was 0.36 t/ha or 11.3%. Keywords: WINTER WHEAT, MINERAL FERTILIZERS, ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZERS, YIELD

scholarly journals Application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations under sunflower on ordinary chernozem

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Aleksey Viktorovich Vaschenko ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Zhuk
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Nitrogen Fixers ◽  
Joint Application ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Bacterial Preparations

The results of field experiments to study the effect of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations on the yield and quality of sunflower seeds are presented. The studies were carried out in 2011–2014  in the Rostov region on medium-power ordinary chernozem. The object of research was a hybrid of sunflower Patriot. The predecessor is winter wheat. Ammonium nitrate, ammophos and potassium chloride in various doses were used as mineral fertilizers, according to the experimental scheme. Fertilizers were introduced before sowing, before the main tillage and pre-sowing cultivation. Bacterial preparations were represented by associative nitrogen fixers of the strains Mizorin, Flavobacterin, PG-5 and 17-1 produced by the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Medicine, Pushkin. In the field experiment, variants of the joint application of mineral fertilizers and presowing treatment of seeds with bacterial preparations were also studied. The control was the variant without the application of mineral fertilizers and bacterial preparations. The Patriot sunflower hybrid seed yield in the control variant on average for 3 years amounted to 1.61 t/ha. A significant increase in the yield of sunflower seeds and oil gathering was established in the variant with pre-sowing application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N40P50. The increase compared to the control variant was 0.53 t/ha, or 34.2%, and in the oil gathering in the crop - 226 kg/ha, or 36.4%. The application of biologics of associative nitrogen fixers contributed to an increase in the yield of sunflower seeds. Inoculation of sunflower seeds with a strain of the biological preparation PG-5 was more effective. The increase in the yield of sunflower seeds amounted to 0.44 t/ha, or 28.6% compared to the variant without the application of fertilizers. The increase in the oil gathering in the crop was  by 29.3%. The application of bacterial preparations under sunflower against a background of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers was ineffective.

Soybean productivity depending on the cultivation technology on ordinary chernozem in the Central Ciscaucasia zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-73
Author(s):  
V. K. Dridiger ◽  
R. G. Gadzhiumarov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Cost

The existing technology of soybean cultivation with mandatory tillage is quite expensive, when up to 30 % or more of the total costs are spent on preparing the soil for sowing, and most of them are spent on fuel and lubricants, which are becoming more expensive every year. The purpose of the research is to determine the effect of the technology recommended by scientific institutions and the technology of soybean cultivation without tillage with the introduction of various doses of mineral fertilizers on its yield and agrophysical properties of ordinary chernozem in the zone of unstable moisture in the Central Ciscaucasia. The influence of soybean cultivation technology without tillage, depending on the doses of mineral fertilizers, on its growth, development, yield and agrophysical, chemical and biological properties of ordinary chernozem has been studied, and an economic assessment of the studied agricultural practices has been given. Cultivation technologies and applied fertilizers did not significantly affect the quality of soybean seeds. The oil content in soybean seeds for both technologies and all doses of fertilizer application on average over the years of research was in the range of 19,8–20,3 %, protein for the same variants of the experiment contained 41,3–41,7 %, and all differences in these indicators were not statistically significant. When cultivating soybeans using No-till technology the cost of purchasing and applying a continuous herbicide increases by 1280 rubles/ha or by 49,4 % in relation to the recommended technology. However, the recommended technology significantly increases production costs for the purchase of fuel and lubricants – by 3,276 rubles/ha or 232,0 %, the wage fund by 824 rubles/ha or 93,4 %, depreciation and repair of equipment by 891 rubles/ha or 47,0 %. Thus, the biggest economic efficiency has been obtained when using the technology of soybean cultivation without tillage and without applying mineral fertilizers.

scholarly journals ЕКОНОМІЧНА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ РИЖІЮ ЯРОГО В УМОВАХ ПРИКАРПАТТЯ

2012 ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
Я. Я. Григорів
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Stationary Field ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
False Flax ◽  
Flax Seeds

Висвітлені результати досліджень, проведенихупродовж 2009–2011 рр. у стаціонарному польо-вому досліді на дерново-підзолистих ґрунтах, ізвивчення ефективності застосування різних тех-нологій вирощування на продуктивність рижіюярого й, відповідно, економічну ефективність ви-рощування даної культури. Виявлено залежністьелементів продуктивності та урожайності відзастосування мінеральних добрив. Встановлено,що внесення мінеральних добрив мало значнийвплив на продуктивність насіння рижію ярого і напоказник собівартості та рентабельності насіннярижію ярого відповідно. The article deals with results of investigations from 2009-2011 in a stationary field experiments on sod-podzol soilsconcerning the study the effectiveness of various growingtechnologies on spring false flax productivity and thus theeconomic efficiency of this crop growing. Thedependence of elements of crop yield and productivity onthe use of mineral fertilizers has been found out. It hasbeen concluded that fertilization had a significant impacton seed productivity of spring false flax and on the rate ofcost and profitability of spring false flax seeds.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Activity of Chernozem Typical Depending on The Main Cultivation of Soil and Fertilizer

2019 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
L. V. Tsentylo
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Black Currant ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Fertilizer System

All agrotechnical and agrochemical measures aimed at increasing soil fertility have an effect on enzyme activity. Measures such as soil cultivation, the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers into the soil,activate or suppress the enzymatic processes. The research relies on the intensity and direction of biochemical processes in the soil, containing a series of methods, the use of which has enabled the establishment of a favorable enzymatic active layer of arable chernozem typical. Such methods include: field, laboratory, analysis. The level of differentiation of protease, urease, phosphatase, amylase, catalase, depending on the cultivation of soil and fertilizer, was revealed in the process of comparative analysis of enzymic activity of typical black soil in sunflower agrocenosis. Field experiments on the study of fermentative activity of typical black currant were conducted during 2012-2016. The object of research was soil cover. It was established that the activation of biochemical processes in the soil is ensured by the organo-mineral fertilizer system - compost 4.5 t + N40P48K54 + 3.5 t by-products and seed weight per hectare of crop rotational area. Application of the mineral fertilizer system reduces the enzymatic activity of typical black soil. The highest activity of the protease and catalase passes in the arable layer for powered-unpowered cultivation. Higher phosphatase activity was observed for differentiated soil cultivation. Research on this problem should be continued in order to establish a relationship between the parameters of enzymatic activity of soil with the structure of microbial cenosis of typical black soil of different systems of basic cultivation and fertilization

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF DRY SUBSTANCES BY VARIOUS POTATO VARITIES ON MEADOW AND BLACK SOIL OF OMSK PRIIRTYSHE

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Ирина Темерева ◽  
Irina Temereva ◽  
Татьяна Смирнова ◽  
Tat'yana Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
State University ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents the material on the study of the varietal specificity of potato plants (Alaya Zarya, Svitanok, Kormilets, Zekura and Rosara) in the synthesis of dry substances on meadow chernozem soil of Omsk Priirtyshe under conditions of natural fertility and the use of optimal fertilizer doses (N45P90). Field experiments were conducted in 2008-2010 on the experimental field of Omsk State University. Experiments are of two-factor. Repeatability is threefold. The scheme for planting potatoes 70 × 30 cm with tubers weighing 80-100 g. The size of the pilot plot is 9.6 m2, the pilot plot is 510 m2. Comparative starch content of potato of experimental varieties reflects a number: Svitanok (20.3%)> Alaya Zarya (19.4%) >> Kormilets (16.7%)> Zekura (15.9%)> Rosara (15.6%). Intensive accumulation of dry matter occurred in the tubers of the Svitanok variety both in conditions of natural fertility and on a fertilized background. The increase in dry substances by 2.4-5.4% of their initial content in tubers due to the application of fertilizers (N45P90) is established for the varieties of Alaya Zarya, Svitanok and Rosara. Thus, the correct selection of varieties and the use of fertilizers make it possible to obtain a potato crop with the expected quality indices for dry matter and starch.

INFLUENCE OF THE DIFFERENT SOIL PREPARATION METHODS ON THE PEA YIELD

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
А. М. Grebennikov ◽  
А. S. Frid ◽  
V. P. Belobrov ◽  
V. А. Isaev ◽  
V. М. Garmashоv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
First Year ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Multifactor Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article assesses the relationships between the morphological properties of agrochernozems and yield of peas on the plots, experience with different methods of basic treatment (moldboard plowing at the depth of 20 - 22, 25 - 27 and 14 - 16 cm, moldboard plowing to a depth of 14 - 16 cm, combined midwater moldboard, mid-water subsurface, surface to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and zero tillage) is inherent in V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black Earth strip, in the fall of 2014. The research was conducted in 2015 - 2016, with the application of mineral fertilizers (N60Р60К60) and unfertilized background. The highest pea yields in the fertilized as the background, and without the use of fertilizers was observed in dumping plowing and especially in the variant with deep moldboard plowing, which creates in comparison with other ways of handling the best conditions for the growth and development of peas. The lowest yield of pea was obtained with zero processing. Apparently legalistic migrational-mizelial agrochernozems the Central Chernozem zone of minimum tillage in the cultivation of peas are not effective, what is evident already in the first year after the laying of experience with different basic treatments. As shown by the results of applying multifactor analysis of variance studied the mapping properties of the soil can have the same significant impact on the yield of agricultural crops, as options for the field experiments aimed at assessing the impact of various treatments on yield.

INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF YUBILEINY NOVY 142 TOBACCO BY USING THE RAIKAT START GROWTH REGULATOR IN THE CENTRAL ZONE OF KRASNODAR REGION

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Stalk Diameter ◽  
Seedling Plant ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Plant Length

Efficiency of new natural growth stimulator Raykat Start for seedling plant growing (tobacco) has been studied on the base of All-Russian research institute of tobacco makhorka and tobacco products. We used west-subcaucasian leached black soil on the experimental field. Laboratorial, greenhouse and field experiments have discovered that soaking seeds in solution with concentration of growth stimulator 0.0001 % during 6 hours leads to germs mass increasing by 70 %. Seeds treatment before sowing with efficient concentration of stimulator (0.0001 %) in combination with further double spraying (in basic stages ofplant development: “cotyledon” and “ready for transplanting” before pulling plants from seedbed) on plants until their total moistening of above earth plant parts leads to increasing plant length from collar to growing point by 32 %, to leaf tips - by 23 %, above earth plant mass - by 78 %, root mass - by 60 %, stalk diameter in collar part - by 25 %. It was also noticed significant decreasing of stalk and root decays (up to 52 %) in areas with plants treated by stimulator. Surviving of transplanted plants treated with Raykat Start was 95 %, they had increased growing and developing rates both in the beginning of field stage and in the end of vegetation. These led to increasing plant length, leaf area, which increased by 31 % and plant productivity which increased by 17.6 %.

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