Irrigation of soybean under environments of Prialeyskaya steppe

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
A.S. Davydov ◽  
R. G. Gornostal
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Main Factor

Soybean is one of the most important agricultural crops, which although in general very unpretentious, but under the environments of the Altai Territory (Prialeyskaya steppe) it is almost impossible to obtain consistently high yields due to unfavorable climatic conditions. The main factor in obtaining consistently high yields and involving additional areas for soybean crop in this climatic zone is the use of complex agrotechnical techniques, namely regular irrigation. The purpose of the work was to develop an optimal mode of soybean irrigation under the environments of the Prialeyskaya steppe in the Altai Territory. The possibility of effective soybean cultivation on the irrigated lands of the arid Prialeyskaya steppe in the Altai Territory has been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed in the paper. The regularities of the influence of different irrigation regimes on soybean productivity have been established. The specific water consumption per unit of marketable output has been determined depending on the irrigation regime. The relations of grain yield with the change of irrigation regime have been established. The maximum yield of soybean grain has been obtained in the 80% LMC variant (the lowest moisture capacity), which was 3,3 t/ha in 2016. The average yield for 3 years of research was 3,1 t/ha and exceeded the yield on the control variant by 2,1 t/ha. In the 80% LMC variant but with the treatment of soybean seeds before sowing with an inoculant the average yield was 3,5 t/ha, which exceeded the yield in the control variant by 2,5 t/ha. Also in the 80% LMC variant and with inoculant seed treatment the yield of soybean grain exceeded the yield in the non-treated variant by 0,4 t/ha. Thus, it has been established that to obtain the maximum yield of soybean under the environments of the Prialeyskaya steppe should support the level of pre-irrigation soil moisture at 80% LMC.

scholarly journals Development of a furrow irrigation method

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 04009
Author(s):  
Alexander Apalkov ◽  
Sergey Apalkov ◽  
Sergey Kuren ◽  
Sergey Popov ◽  
Julianna Marchenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Furrow Irrigation ◽  
Polyethylene Film ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Irrigation Method ◽  
High Yields

The article describes the technology of laying a film covering with a specially selected perforation of holes on the laid groove with fastening the edges of the covering along its entire length. Calculations of the irrigation rate are given, which must be strictly observed for economical water use when irrigating along furrows. The use of a perforated polyethylene film screen will provide the required moisture capacity throughout the season. Stabilization of the irrigation regime will ensure high yields while complying with the requirements of the law on environmental protection. The most effective agrotechnical conditions are proposed and recommendations for the growing season are given.

The Influence of the rates feed and irrigations of the winter wheat of the sort «Durdona» and «Asr» on productivity grain and straw

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Rahmatzhon Kodirov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties ◽  
Main Factor

This article sets out ideas about the need for a particular agrotechnical cultivation of early ripening winter wheat varieties «Durdona» and «Asr», taking into account the soil and climatic conditions, individual feeding norms, irrigation regime. Also, emphasis is placed on soil moisture as the main factor affecting the yield of winter wheat under irrigated agriculture.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NODULOUS AND ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA SEEDS INOCULATION UPON THE SOYA VARIETIES YIELD UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS OF SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
О. D. Dubinska ◽  
L. V. Tytova
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Legume Seeds

Relevance of research.To increase the effectiveness of symbiotic fixation in recent years, the complex inoculation of legume seeds with nodulousbacteria along with endophytic bacteria is used.However, the issue of the inoculant use effectivenessbased on rhizobia and endophytic bacteria is still not well studied  enough.So, an assessment of their effectiveness is extremely important for the further development of existing scientific knowledge about the microbial and plant symbiosis of leguminous crops. Along with the above, the involvement of nitrogen from the air into the nutrients circulation by legumes provides the ecological improvement of the environment. The purpose of scientificresearches is to specify the effectiveness of the effect of complex inoculation of seeds by the strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria on the yield of different varieties of soybean under the irrigatedconditions of the southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. Materials and methods of research.Two-factor field experiment is based on the split plot method in a four-time repetition, where the main plots (first-order plots), factor A – varieties of soya: ultra-fast-growing –Diona and mid-growing –Aratta, subplots(second-order plots), factor B –inoculation of seeds with different strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria: Control 1 (without seed water treatment); Control 2 (seed water treatment); RyzobinK(association of three strains of Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum: B.japonicum of УКМВ-6018, УКМВ-6023, УКМВ-6035); RyzobinK+ Ranibacillus sp.1; RyzobinK + Bacillus sp.4; RyzobinK + Brevibacillus sp.5; RyzobinK + Pseudomonas sp.6; RisobinK + Bacillus megateriumУКМВ-5724.Soybean sowing was carried out in the third decade of April with a seeder «Клен» with a rows width of 45 cm to a depth of 6 cm. The seed rate of Diona varietyis 800000 and Aratta– 600000 similar seeds per 1 hectare. The influence of weather and climatic conditions on the soybean crop formation was specified by determining the potential evaporation, moisture deficit and humidity coefficient. The evaporation and lack of moisture supply during the interphase periods of studied soybean varieties significantly changed and depended on the average daily temperature and relative air humidity and the amount of precipitation fallen during the growing season. Results of the research and their discussion.The application of strains of nodulous and endophytic bacteria during inoculation of seed material significantly influenced the yield of different soybean varieties. On average, in 2017-2018, the highest yield of soybean seeds was obtained from pre-sowing inoculation with nodulous bacteria, which is the basis of RisobinK, in combination with endophytic bacteria.In particular, the maximum yield of Dionavariety was formed during pre-sowing inoculation of seeds RisobinK + Bacillus sp.4 – 3,12 t/ha, Aratta variety – 2,55 t/ha. The high yield of soybean Diona variety – 2,85 t/ha and Aratta variety – 2.40 t/ha were also obtained for inoculation of seeds by the bacterial complex RisobinK + Brevibacillus sp.5. The lowest yield of both sorts of soy was obtained in the version Control 1 (without seed treatment with water) – 2,27 t/ha Diona variety and 2,13 t/ha –Aratta variety. Conclusions.Thus, the seeds crop formation of different varieties of Diona and Aratta soybeans under the conditions of regional dry (95%) climate change in 2017-2018, significantly depended on the hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period and the symbiosis of nodulous and endophytic bacteria on the irrigated land of the southern subzone Steppe of Ukraine.Pre-sowing inoculation of soybean seeds varieties with the nodulous and endophytic bacteria, in comparison with the control variants, significantly influenced the formation of soya varieties crop, and increased the yield of Dionavariety by 0,58-0,85 t/ha and the Aratta variety – 0,27-0,42 t/ha.

scholarly journals Productivity of soybean varieties in the conditions of Podillia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
I. V. Fedoruk ◽  
◽  
O.N. Bakhmat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Color Control ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
High Yields

Based on the analysis of literary sources and publications, the features of soybean varieties for cultivation in Podillia were studied. The key directions of increasing the productivity of soybean varieties are considered. Advantages are given and substantiated, and the main disadvantages and problems of growing soybean varieties in Podillia conditions are indicated The features of soybean varieties, the influence of the inoculation process and the efficiency of micronutrient fertilization have been investigated, which made it possible to develop methods of growing technology taking into account plant biology on changes in climatic conditions. The growth processes and development of soybean varieties have been investigated: Maxus, Cordoba, Saska, depending on the treatment of seeds with an insecticidal-fungicidal preparation Standak Top, inoculant Hai Kot Super Hai Kot Super Extender and seed treatment with micronutrient fertilizer Como 15, as well as foliar dressing with micronutrient fertilizers Vuksal Boron and Bospholiar during the growing season of plants. Having carried out research on various groups of ripeness from such varieties of soybeans as Maxus, Cordoba, Saska, positive results were obtained on the yield from the introduction of micronutrient fertilizers, inoculants, treatment of the inoculum of soybean seeds with an inoculant and a microelement, the preparation Vuxal Como 15. And also from the treatment of seeds with the preparation Standak Top 1 l t, which in turn prevents the development of such diseases as fusarium, anthracnose, seed mold, promotes rooting of plants in the soil due to the accelerated development of the root system, an increase in the assimilation surface of the leaf apparatus, promotes the activation of nitroreductase, which in turn activates the work processes of photosynthesis, manifested in the so-called AgCelence effect, plants have an intensely saturated dark green color, control of soil pests. Carrying out experiments on the effect of seed inoculation on soybean yield, we combined an inoculant, VuksalKoMo preparation and Sdandak Top insecticidal fungicide preparation with a sowing period of up to 5-7 days in a tank mixture. One of the main requirements is the use of high-quality inoculants with a high content of viable nitrogen-fixing bacteria for processing soybean seeds, today there is a need, since it fully reveals and realizes the genetic and varietal potential of modern varieties, and this, in turn, will ensure high yields soybeans with optimal costs and the fastest return on investment, especially in today's conditions. In the study results, new technological aspects are presented, in which the processes of analysis and hardening of micro-manure and infectious-fungicidal preparation in the technological development and quality improvement of the production process are revealed. It should also take into account the relative humidity and reserves of productive soil moisture. The research results are aimed at solving urgent problems in the technology of growing leguminous crops, namely: developing a version of the technology for growing soybeans for the selection of varieties adapted to a given climatic zone, the use of inoculants and micronutrients in the conditions of climate change in Podillia.

ALFALFA VARIETIES ZONED IN THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM ZONE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
State Register ◽  
Independent Evaluation ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Alfalfa Varieties ◽  
Central Chernozem

The article describes the main morphological and biological features of alfalfa varieties included in the State register of breeding achievements approved for use in the Central Chernozem zone of Russia. A total of 32 alfalfa varieties are included in the State register. This is 9 varieties of blue alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. Sativa) of domestic selection and 8 foreign, 11 varieties of variable alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. nothosubsp. varia (Martyn) Arcang.) domestic selection and 1 variety of foreign and 3 varieties of yellow alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang.). It shows the average and maximum yield of varieties determined in the process of state variety testing, as well as independent evaluation in research institutions in the region. Varieties of blue alfalfa of domestic selection Kevsala, Elena, Satellite, Vavilovskaya Yubileynaya were the most productive. The average yield of dry matter of these varieties reaches 8.4–9.2 t/ha, the maximum — 15.3–17.7 t/ha. Alfalfa varieties Timbale and Galaxy were the most productive among foreign varieties: the average yield of dry matter was 8.1 and 8.3 t/ha, the maximum – 15.5 and 17.2 t/ha. Varieties of alfalfa variable Vitalina and Vela provided an average yield of dry matter of 7.6 and 9.0 t/ha, the maximum yield reached 15.4 and 18.1 t/ha.

THE ECONOMY OF WATER RESOURCES WITH THE USE OF POLYMER COMPLEXES IN IRRIGATION OF A COTTON

2018 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
M. Khamidov ◽  
B. Suvanov ◽  
K. Khamroev
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Polymer Complexes ◽  
Maturation Phase ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Fruit Cultivation ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Maximum Field ◽  
Alluvial Meadow

The article deals with the use of polymer complexes in alluvial-meadow soils under the pre-determined humidity of 70-80-65% of the maximum field moisture capacity, in the second option with the 1-2-1 scheme in the Bukhara oasis. During the seedling and flowering phase, one irrigation irrigation norm was performed at 734 m3/ha; during the blooming and fruit cultivation phase, three irrigation operations were performed with irrigation norms of 631-644 m3/ha, one irrigation with a watering rate of 865 m3/ha was performed during the maturation phase. The irrigation norm was 2874 m3/ha or, relative to the control variant, by 1754 m3/ha less, which allowed saving manual water, as well as the results of the conducted experiments and their impact on cotton growth, development and yield.

Influence of formulations of nitrogen fertilizes on oil flax productivity under conditions of western forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
pp. 108-114
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
High Yields

The results of studies on the influence of forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizers (ammonium nitrate, urea, carbamide-ammonia mixture, ammonium sulfate) on the productivity of oil flax under the conditions of the western forest-steppe are given. In the traditional system of fertilizer, oil flax is not able to provide high yields and quality products. An effective solution to this is optimization of plant nutrition due to its balance, which promotes intensive plant development, makes it possible to actively and efficiently intervene in the process of harvesting and its quality. Therefore, determining the optimal fertilizer rate for oil flax in specific soil-climatic conditions is important for obtaining stable and high yields of culture. The purpose of our research was to determine the contribution of doses and forms of nitrogen fertilizers to the productivity of flaxseed oil in the soil-climatic conditions of the western forest-steppe. The research was carried out in 2016-2018 at the experimental field of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of NAAS in five-point crop rotation with the total area of the plant growing on a gray forest surface glued type of soil In general, four forms of nitrogen fertilizers were studied: ammonia, nitrate, carbamide-ammonia mixture, urea and ammonium sulfate, which were added in doses: N30; N45 one time; and N30 + N15 under pre-sowing cultivation and in the "fir tree" phase against the background of P30K60. The total number of variants was 16. The object of research was a variety of flax oilseed crops of breeding of the Institute of Oilseeds of NAAS. The seed sowing rate is 6 mln similar seed per hectare. According to the results of three-year studies, the effect of intensification of mineral nitrogen feed and various forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the indices of the elements of productivity and yield of flaxseed oil has been established. In particular, it was found that their use had little effect on the density change of plant stem growth. The use of nitrogen fertilizers in the dose N45 on the background of P30K60 improved plant survival (killed during the vegetation of 0.33-0.42 million pp./ha, which is 5.2-6.3 % for control, where the death observed 0.58 million ppm/ha or 8.4 %)) compared to the N30 dose (0.39-0.49 million pcs/ha). In addition, the use of the dose N45 separately (N30 under cultivation + N15 in the phase of the "fir tree") also improved the survival rate of plants (5.2-5.8 % of dead plants) compared with the simultaneous application of N45 cultivation (5.6-7.1 %) The percentage of deaths grew in control (without fertilizers) - 8.4 % against the background of P30K60 - 7.0 %. The application of various forms and doses of nitrogen fertilizers led to an increase in the control of the elements of productivity. The introduction of N45 against the background of P30K60 contributed to an increase in the number of boxes on plants, according to the variants of fertilizers, this index varied from 14.6 to 18.3 pieces per plant (10.9 - on the control, 12.9 pcs/roll - on the РК background), increasing the amount of seeds per plant by 12.7 pc. per plant, a mass of 1000 seeds per 0.2-0.3 g compared with the control and 0.1-0.2 g compared with the LCD background, where this figure was 6.8 g. On average, over the years of research, the highest productivity of flax seed of oilseed Vodograi (2,27 and 2,48 t / ha) was obtained provided the mineral fertilizer N15P30K60 was applied for cultivation in combination with carbamide feed in the phase of "fir tree" at a dose of N15. When using the nitrogen component in the form of KAS, the gain to control was 1.45 t / ha, to the background - 1.12 t/ha. In control and against the background, this indicator was 1.04 and 1.36 t/ha respectively. When using other forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the background of P30K60, lower yields of flaxseed crops were obtained (1.37-1.38 t/ha). The introduction of the N45 separately (N30 under cultivation + N15 into the "fir tree" phase) generally led to higher performance than a single application for cultivation. Among the studied forms of fertilizers, urea and carbamide-ammonia also caused a slightly higher percentage of fiber content in flax stems, however, it was within the experimental error and was not significantly increased.

scholarly journals Productivity and economical appraisal of growing raspberry according to substrate for mulching under the conditions of podilia area in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 210-214
Author(s):  
H. V. Pantsyreva ◽  
R. O. Myalkovsky ◽  
I. A. Yasinetska ◽  
V. M. Prokopchuk
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Maximum Weight ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Straw Mulching ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Phenological Phases

Based on studies of substrates for mulching raspberry varieties Veresnevi zori revealed the following: for mulching with straw or sawdust, the onset of the phenological phases of raspberry plants occurs later, compared to the cultivation without mulching; a greater number of root shoots and shoots are provided by growing raspberries without mulching, but a higher shoot height (133.2 cm) and shoot shoots (123.9 cm) distinguishes the straw mulch variant; the maximum yield of raspberry berries of the Veresnevi zori variety is provided by mulching with sawdust - 94.5 c/ha, which is 3.1 c/ha more than straw mulching and by 16.9 c/ha the control variant. The share of ripe berries in the yield by mulching sawdust increases to 81.5%, which is 4.4% more compared to straw mulching and 9.1% more compared to the control variant; the highest average weight of berries and maximum weight of 5 berries was obtained by mulching raspberries with sawdust; for raspberry mulching with sawdust, the profitability of raspberry berries production is the highest -258.9% and 4.3% less than straw mulching. The results of the work are recommended to be used during research and in practice.

scholarly journals Use of seed treatment with fungicide in control of colletotrichum truncatum and physiological quality of soybean seeds glycine max

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Vinícius Almeida Oliveira ◽  
Lorenxo Paradiso Martins ◽  
Rogério Cavalcante Gonçalves ◽  
Luíz Paulo Figueredo Benício ◽  
Daniella Lima da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Colletotrichum Truncatum ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Physiological Quality

The fungus are the main microorganisms present in seeds, is the main cause of deterioration and loss in production. The anthracnose caused by C. truncatum associated with soybean seeds as has main vehicle for introduction into the planting areas can be detected in all stages of crop development, from the cotyledons to the end of the cycle, being present in the stems, veins, leaflets and pods. Thus aimed to evaluate the influence of using different products fungicides as seed treatment, where the seeds were inoculated with the pathogenic fungus and treated with the chemicals They take Carbedazim + Fludioxonil + metalaxyl-M and carboxin + thiram. For each fungicide product was two tramentos done using the doses recommended by the manufacturer and 75% of dose. We evaluated health, germination and promote plant (Plant growth, fresh weight and dry weight of root and shoot). This work concludes that the use of fungicide controls significantly seeds infected with C. truncatum and presents a significant improvement as the development of structures seedling.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF USING DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH WHEN IRRIGATING AGRICULTURAL CROPS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Babichev ◽  
◽  
A. A. Babenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Irrigation Regime ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Quality Of Products

Purpose: to analyze the experience of Russian scientists in the field of application of a differentiated approach to agricultural crops irrigation. The overview of research work of domestic scientists on the use of an irrigation system in agriculture, in which the provision of agricultural crops with water to maintain a given level of the minimum water capacity will be carried out during the most critical periods of their growth and development is presented. During irrigation, the timing, frequency, irrigation rates depend on the level of groundwater occurrence, agrochemical properties of soils, weather and climatic conditions, phases of growth and development of crops. The application of a differentiated irrigation regime to maintain a given level of pre-irrigation moisture allows increasing the productivity of agricultural crops, the quality of products obtained while reducing irrigation and watering rates, the number of waterings. Conclusions. The study of the results of research work of domestic scientists in the field of influence of irrigation and the fertilization system on the yield and quality of agricultural products allows concluding that obtaining the planned yields is possible only if irrigation regimes are observed and the level of soil fertility is maintained by applying various fertilizers. The use of a differentiated approach to irrigation while maintaining a given level of pre-irrigation soil moisture during critical periods of crop development allows reducing irrigation water consumption and optimizing irrigation rates and their quantity. The study of a differentiated irrigation regime is promising now and in the near future, taking into account the deteriorating water supply in the territory of our country, associated with a change in weather and climatic conditions.

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