Increasing the resource of agricultural machinery

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
A. V. Dunaev ◽  
M. N. Kostomakhin
Keyword(s):  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Mineral Particles ◽  
Tribological Coatings ◽  
Diamondlike Carbon ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Salts Of Organic Acids ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances

An effective technique in the improvement of wear resistance and resource especially wornout friction is provided in the surface parts of anti-friction tribological coatings of various compositions entered in the regular lubrication maintenance of machines and equipment [1, 5, 7–10, 12–17]. Approved since 1930 [10] they during maintenance of machinery and equipment allows 2–3 times to increase their service life, 5–20 % reduced consumption of fuel and electricity, up to 30 % operating costs [7, 9, 10, 13, 14]. Introduction to oil chemically active substances, suspensions of particles of natural and artificial minerals, the oil solutions of the active organic substances, metal salts of organic acids [7, 17], the electric charge consumption less than 1 W [4, 6, 11], creating a wear-reducing coating [2, 5, 8, 12, 15–17], enhance adhesion of the lubricant is technically and economically justified, with a margin of 500–800 % or more [1, 3, 5, 7–10, 12–17]. CIP technical service as part of the overall system of technical maintenance and repair of machines, meets all the periods of their life cycle, and includes the testing, diagnosis, commissioning and preventive triboactive, the cleaning of the lubrication systems of engines, fuel, cooling, and most importantly — the restoration of worn units repair-regenerative trains [5, 7–10, 12–14, 17]. In the last intake of the mineral particles of the catalytically active open friction surface are subjected to a mechanical cold deformation, are involved in adhesion, physical and chemical processes, tribromoimidazole, catalysis of tribo-processes [2, 15–17]. As a result of the repair coating [2, 5, 12, 15–17]. The serpentine triboactive create a durable anti-friction coatings [2, 15–17]. According to research by European and American researchers [15, 16], especially in Chinese state laboratory of Tribology of Tsinghua University [17], these minerals cause the formation of diamondlike carbon fi lms (Diamond-Like carbon fi lms — DLC-fi lms). Their surface is high purity and hardness, underneath are visible traces of mechanical processing, for 90 % consist of carbon, the resistance of 10–300 Ohm/cm. The eff ect of serpentine processing is manifested through the hours and ability to operate even without triboactive [2, 10]. Below are the laboratory tribotechnical tests of triboactive and fi ling of charges in the oil, which confi rm the eff ectiveness of non-traditional tribology.

scholarly journals Changes in biologically active substances of stone fruits under the influence of low temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 06017
Author(s):  
Irina Sobol ◽  
Ludmila Rodionova ◽  
Ludmila Donchenko ◽  
Artem Stepovoy
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Carotene Content ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Acid Reduction ◽  
Pectin Substances

Sufficient consumption of natural biologically active substances (BAS) – vitamins, dietary fiber, mineral compounds – reduces the risk of developing diseases associated with negative external factors. A large number of BAS are contained in the cherry plum fruits. Cherry plum is characterized by storage short term, during which quality changes are possible. Studies have been conducted on the low temperatures effect the change of BAS in cherry plum fruits. Studied objects were five cherry plum varieties grown in the Russian southern regions – Dinnaya, Zhemchuzhina, Obilnaya, Puteshestvennitsa, Neberdzhayskaya ranyaya. It was found that during storage, the physical and chemical parameters change slightly, the dry substances content decreases (within 1.3-3.2 %), sugars (5.5-7.0 %), the total acids content increases (2.8 3.3 %). The BAS content slight decrease during storage does not significantly affect the nutritional value of cherry plum fruits. The ascorbic acid reduction is 9.8-17.3 %, the anthocyanins content decreases on average from 16.9 to 19.7 %, the beta-carotene content decreases by 8.7-14.8 %, the reduction level of pectin substances is 15.75-22.2 %. Thus, the freezing method application allows to preserve valuable BAS in cherry plum fruits and use them in the future as a basis for the production of functional food products.

PERBANDINGAN PELARUT ETANOL DAN AIR PADA PEMBUATAN EKSTRAK UMBI BAWANG TIWAI (Eleutherine americana Merr) MENGGUNAKAN METODE MASERASI

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Hayatus Sa'adah ◽  
Henny Nurhasnawati
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Water As Solvent ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Eleutherine Americana ◽  
Solvent Optimization ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Bawang tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr) is one kind of medicinal plant. To obtain an active substances with good physical and chemical properties, it is needs to do optimization of making extracts, one with solvent optimization. Type of solvent will determine the types of extracted substances in accordance with the polarity. On this research, extraction of bawang tiwai bulbs simplicia by maceration method using ethanol and water as solvent. This research is an experimental research with varying ethanol and water in a three comparison solvent that is water, ethanol, and mixture of water-etanol, then the yields is calculated. Furthermore, the data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA program to determine significant differences in the three yields. In each extract was conducted phytochemical screening to determine the content of secondary metabolites. The results showed significant differences in the yield of bawang tiwai extract with three treatments and two repetitions. The results of average yields using water as solvent is 8.75%, ethanol 5.3%; and water-etanol 8.31%

scholarly journals Denitrification performance of rare earth tailings-based catalysts

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenfeng Wang ◽  
Yanan Huang ◽  
Huijuan Luo ◽  
Zhijun Gong ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Bayan Obo ◽  
Roasting Temperature ◽  
Rare Earth Tailings ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract Rare earth tailings from the Bayan Obo mine are rich in rare earth, iron, and other catalytically active substances. In this study, Na2CO3 and Ca(OH)2 were mixed with rare earth tailings, roasted, and the tailings modified by HCl-citric acid leaching and pickling to prepare high-performance rare earth tailings-based denitrification catalysts. Denitrification performance tests show that, in the temperature range 700°C~900°C, the alkali and acid co-processed modified tailings sample gave the best catalytic denitrification performance. XRD, SEM, and H2-TPR analyses show that, compared with raw ore samples, Fe activity sites increased after alkali and acid co-treatment. Cracks and holes appeared on the surface of the sample, and the reduction temperature range was broadened. XPS analysis showed that Fe coexisted in the forms Fe2+ and Fe3+, and Ce in the forms Ce3+ and Ce4+. At a rare earth tailings microwave roasting temperature of 500°C, NO concentration of 500 ppm, CO/NO ratio 4:1, and reaction temperature of 900°C, the denitrification efficiency of the catalyst was optimal, at up to 96.2%. In this study, a relatively green and pollution-free method was used to prepare catalysts, which can provide reference for solving the problem of rare earth tailings accumulation.

scholarly journals FORMULASI DAN UJI PELEPASAN KRIM EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN JAMBU BIJI DENGAN POTENSI ANTIJERAWAT

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
N. P. Y. A. Dewi ◽  
N. L. G. W. Pebriani ◽  
P. A. Duarsa ◽  
P. C. I. Warnaya ◽  
I. D. A. A. D. Candraningrat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Guava Leaves ◽  
Guava Leaf ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Guava leaves contain quercetin which can inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acne. Thus, guava leaves have the potential to be anti-acne. Based on the benefits of guava leaves, it is necessary to formulate the ethanol extract of guava leaves in cream preparation and its characterization as well as to know the rate of releasing active substances. Preparation and standardization of guava leaf simplicia was carried out. After that, maceration, standardization and phytochemical screening of guava leaf ethanol extract were done. Positive extracts containing flavonoids were formulated into cream preparation. The concentration of stearic acid as emulgator of 14% and 18% was optimized. The formula was tested for physical and chemical properties such as organoleptic, spreadability, adhesion, viscosity and pH. The optimum formula was characterized using Franz diffusion test to determine the release of the active substance. The results showed that concentration of stearic acid as emulgator influenced the physical and chemical properties of the cream. Based on the results of this study it could be concluded that the optimum formula was stearic acid concentration of 14% with the release active substances for 3 hours of 2,5882 mg. Keywords: Guava leaves, acne, cream, stearic acid, diffusion

scholarly journals Application of the Agrimonia eupatoria L. Extract for the Kvases Production

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Yuliya Miller ◽  
Olga Golub ◽  
Karina Zakharova
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances

The article concerns the research of the herb Common Agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria L.) use in the kvass manufacture, because the plant has a high content of flavoring and biologically active substances (flavonoids, tannins, arbutin, etc.). Researchers used standard, adopted in the brewing and soft drinks industry test methods and methods of processing obtained results. To produce kvass with the best quality characteristics, a man has to use Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract. In order to obtain this extract with the maximum amount of flavoring and biologically active substances (polyphenolic substances, ascorbic acid) a man must macerate 3-5 mm cut grass using purified water as a solvent in a ratio of 1:10 at a temperature of 40 ± 3 °C for 5-6 hours. Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract is an opaque brown liquid with a weak greenish tint, weakly expressed sweet-apricot aroma and taste; the mass fraction of dry substances is 3.0 ± 0.1 %; acidity – 2.5 ± 0.2 units; the content of polyphenolic substances is not less than 13.5 mg / 100 cm3; the content of ascorbic acid – not less than 4.5 mg / 100 cm3 . The authors developed kvass technology, including the preparation of kvass wort and Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract separately, its blending, fermentation, cooling, clarification and bottling. Based on the organoleptic and physical and chemical parameters obtained during the study, the researchers recommended the optimal ratio of kvass wort and Agrimonia eupatoria L.: 90:10 – 80:20. They developed regulated quality indicators of the new kvass: appearance – a transparent foaming liquid with opalescence, without foreign inclusions; color – brown with greenish tones; aroma and taste – refreshing, sweet and sour, bread, with light tones of Agrimonia eupatoria L. extract. The use of an aqueous extract from the herb Agrimonia eupatoria L. in the kvass production enables to get products with original organoleptic characteristics

Development of Defining Equations for the Mathematical Theory of Concrete Corrosion Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Moving Boundaries ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Layer Depth ◽  
Dissolution Reaction ◽  
Concrete Layer ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Active Substances

The fundamental difference of the developed defining equations is that they consider the dual system of porosity and kinetic laws of physical and chemical transformations to describe individual stages of corrosion processes. The dual porosity system comprises through capillaries (pores) of the longitudinal direction and adjacent capillaries of the transverse direction. During the reagent mass transfer in through capillaries (pores) there takes place their transfer to transverse ones, in which we can observe the neutralization (dissolution) reaction of chemically active substances in solid phase with the formation of the moving boundaries. The binding and release rate in case of leaching are determined from the respective boundary value problems and are similar in structure. In defining equations, all parameters are reduced to two generalized ones. Their values for forecasting the technical condition of operating structures are to be determined on the basis of concentration distribution of the aggressive component in concrete layer depth in the above-specified structures.

Quantitative measurement of complex substances dissolved in an ionic liquid using IR spectroscopy and chemometrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Kiefer ◽  
Andreas Bösmann ◽  
Peter Wasserscheid
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Principal Component Regression ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Catalytically Active ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Better Than

AbstractIn the past two decades, ionic liquids have found many applications as solvents for complex solutes. Prominent examples are the dissolution of biomass and carbohydrates as well as catalytically active substances. The chemical analysis of such solutions, however, is still a challenge due to the molecular complexity. In the present work, the use of infrared spectroscopy for quantifying the concentration of different solutes dissolved in an imidazolium-based ionic liquid is investigated. Binary solutions of glucose, cellubiose, and Wilkinson's catalyst in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate are studied as examples. For this purpose, different chemometric approaches (principal component analysis (PCA), partial least-squares regression (PLSR), and principal component regression (PCR)) for analyzing the spectra are tested. Principal component analysis was found to be suitable for classifying the different solutions. Both regression techniques were capable of deriving accurate concentration values. The performance of PLSR was slightly better than that of PCR for the same number of components.

scholarly journals Synthesis and structural features of 5-(4-(tert-butyl) phenyl)-4-((R)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols

2018 ◽  
pp. 60-65
Author(s):  
I. I. Aksyonova-Seliuk ◽  
O. I. Panasenko ◽  
E. G. Knysh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds is one of the most popular sector in organic chemistry. Scientists allocate among them a class of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole. This class of compounds attracts attention his broad spectrum of biological activity. There are antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tubercular, antimicrobial, antioxidant, actoprotective, anti-cancer and other activities. The derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole have one more important advantage. It is low toxicity. This properties do this class of derivatives promising for researches their chemical structure and biological activity and purposeful search of biologically active substances. The purpose of the work is synthesis of 5-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-4-((R)amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles-3-thiols from appropriate ylidene derivatives of 4-amino-5-(4 (tert-butyl)phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles-3-thiol and research of their physical and chemical properties. The objects of research were 10 new compounds, derivatives of 4-amino-5-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles-3-thiol. These compounds are the crystal substances which are odorless, insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. Investigation of the physical and chemical properties of this compounds was carried out according to the methods listed in the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. The melting temperature of synthesized compounds was determined by device OptiMelt Stanford Research Systems MPA100. The structure of the compound was confirmed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy (Mercury 400) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC). 10 new compounds, derivatives of 4-amino-5-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazoles-3-thiol, were synthesized in a study. The chemical structure of the new compounds was confirmed by modern instrumental methods of analysis. Results of the done work can be use in the future search of biologically active substances.

scholarly journals Synthesis, physical and chemical properties of 5-(phenoxymethylene)-4-R-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiones derivatives, which contain alkyl- and arylnitrile fragments

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Yu. M. Kucheryavyi ◽  
A. G. Kaplaushenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
The Core ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Tumor Drugs ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Ukraine takes the second place in Europe for the dissemination of cancer. Ukrainian pharmaceutical market practically doesn’t have domestic anti-tumor drugs. That’s why, many scientists of pharmaceutical industry work in this direction.  The searching of biologically active substances among derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole is actually for today. Anastrozole and Letrozole are enough known like anti-tumor drugs which contain in their structures the core of 1,2,4-triazole and nitrile groups. The aim of our work is purposeful synthesis a number of new highly effective compounds 2-((5-(phenoxymethylene)-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)acetonitriles and 2-, 3-, 4-(((5-(phenoxymethylene)-4-R-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl)thio)methyl)benzo-nitriles, research of its physical and chemical properties. The 5-(phenoxymethylene)-4-R-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones, which contain alkyl- and arylnitrile groups has been synthesized and its effective methods obtaining have been set. The structure of synthesized compounds has been confirmed by modern complex of physical and chemical methods of analysis. The synthesized compounds with alkyl- and arylnitrile functional groups will become the basis for further modification of the structure to increase results or expand the range of the biological activity.

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