scholarly journals Revisión de la lista de malezas cuarentenarias de Ecuador

2015 ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Ricardo Labrada
Keyword(s):  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Lolium Temulentum ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Orobanche Ramosa ◽  
Phelipanche Ramosa ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium

Se describe el concepto de plaga cuarentenaria, análisis de riesgo de plagas y otros aspectos para evitar el ingreso de plantas exóticas en Ecuador. Exhaustivamente se revisó el listado vigente de malezas cuarentenarias, de un total de 33 plantas. Existen especies objeto de vigilancia, cuya ausencia se debe verificar en áreas donde más probablemente puedan establecerse, como: Acanthospermum hispidum, Cirsium arvense, Xanthium cavanillesii, Thlaspi arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Cucurbita andreana, Bromus unioloides y Solanum elaeagnifolium. Lolium temulentum debe ser omitida, por estar ya reportada su presencia. En la lista de cuarentena se deben incluir nombres de género y especie. Las especies de la familia Orobanchaceae a incluir en la lista son Phelipanche ramosa (otrora Orobanche ramosa) y Orobanche crenata. Igualmente se recomienda incluir Thlaspi arvense por ser la maleza más común de su género. Los nombres de las plantas deben ser actualizados para evitar confusiones en las especificaciones que se les den a los exportadores. Palabras clave: Maleza, cuarentena, Análisis de riesgo

INFLUENCE OF CROPS WEED WEEDINESS FOR PRODUCTIVITY INDICATORS OF WHEAT IN FOREST-STEPPE OF THE SAMARA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Шарапов ◽  
Ivan Sharapov
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Research Institute

Research objective is improving the grain yield of wheat by reducing of winter and spring wheat cropsweedines. The studies were carried out on experimental fields of the Povolzsje Science Research Institute of selection and seeds production of P. N. Konstantinov. Volga region Scientifical-research Institute of Selection and Seed growing named after P. N. Konstantinov in 2012-2014. The main purpose of researches was to study influence of weeds for grain yield components in winter and spring wheat. The evaluation of the abundance of weeds was performed by the method of Drude. Under the influence of weed, productivity of land winter wheat decreased by 3-26%, spring wheat decreased by 17-33%. The most harmful for winter wheat turned out creeping-rooted weeds: Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, of young weeds dominated Cánnabis ruderális, and wintering weed: Lactuca serriola, Thlaspi arvense. In the spring wheat was dominated weeds of creeping-rooted form: Convolvulus arvensis, Cirsium arvense, Sónchus arvénsis and Euphorbia virgata. Winter wheat is less exposed to weeds than spring wheat. Yield depression was mainly due to decrease the number of productive stems and dry wheat mass. Also on the harmfulness of weeds is influenced by the weather conditions of the year. For winter wheat during the wet and warm autumn dominated wintering weed: Thlaspi arvense, Lactuca serriola. In years with dry weather conditions creeping-rooted weeds prevail For spring wheat during the wet spring it is dominated the spring weeds in dry years the most harmful creeping-rooted weeds. For the harmfulness of weeds the density of the crop also affect. When sparse crops of weeds more harmful than at the optimum plant density. Infestation weeds adversely for the yield of both winter wheat and spring wheat.

scholarly journals Možnosti zatiranja izbranih plevelnih vrst v Evropi z žuželkami

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Sergeja ADAMIČ ◽  
Stanislav TRDAN
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Field Bindweed ◽  
Ophraella Communa ◽  
Tyta Luctuosa

Weed control by insects is increasingly important, as chemical weed control (the use of herbicides) has an important impact on the environment and, consequently, on all organisms living there. The use of insects to control weeds thus represents an alternative to herbicides. The article presents the suppression of some widespread and persistent weeds in Europe with their natural enemies - insects. The following combinations presented below are: broad-leaved dock (<em>Rumex obtusifolius</em> L.) – <em>Gastrophysa viridula</em> (De Geer, 1775), curly dock (<em>Rumex crispus</em> L.) – <em>Apion violaceum</em> (Kirby, 1808), common ragweed (<em>Ambrosia artemisiifolia</em> L.) – <em>Ophraella communa</em> (LeSage, 1986) and <em>Zygogramma suturalis</em> (Fabricius, 1775), creeping thistle (<em>Cirsium arvense</em> (L.) Scop.) – <em>Cassida rubiginosa</em> (Müller, 1776), cleavers (<em>Galium aparine</em> L.) – <em>Halidamia affinis</em> (Fallen, 1807) and <em>Sermylassa halensis</em> (Linnaeus, 1767), common knotgrass (<em>Polygonum aviculare</em> L.) and black-bindweed (<em>Fallopia convolvulus</em> L.) – <em>Gastrophysa polygoni</em> (Linnaeus, 1758) and as the last one field bindweed (<em>Convolvulus arvensis</em> L.) – <em>Galeruca rufa</em>  (Germar, 1824) and <em>Tyta luctuosa</em> (Denis in Schiffmuller, 1775).

scholarly journals Pepper mottle virus Causing Disease in Chile Peppers in Southern New Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 603-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rodríguez-Alvarado ◽  
S. Fernandez-Pavia ◽  
R. Creamer ◽  
C. Liddell
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Pepper Mottle Virus ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Solanum Elaeagnifolium ◽  
Chile Peppers

The primary pepper producing areas of southern New Mexico were surveyed to identify the viruses causing severe disease in chile peppers over a 2-year period. The survey included weeds commonly found in and around pepper fields. Using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) was associated with plants showing mosaic and distortion of foliage and fruit deformation. PepMoV and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were determined based on ELISA to be infecting chile peppers and weeds singly or in combination. Four perennial plant species were infected with PepMoV and CMV, including Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade), Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed), and Chamysuraces sp. (small groundcherry), which had not previously been identified as hosts for PepMoV. Some peppers and weeds surveyed were also infected at a lower level by several other plant viruses.

scholarly journals Weed Flora in Cereal crops of district Bannu

2017 ◽  
pp. 106-124
Author(s):  
REHMAN ULLAH KHAN
Keyword(s):  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Conyza Bonariensis ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
Percentage Data

In the present research work (2016-2018), there was reported 100 genera having 114 species distributed among 37 families. Out of which 5 were of monoct families (with 21 genera and 23 spp.) and 32 families of dicot (with 79 genera & 91 spp.). According to percentage data, it was reported that the weed members of family Poaceae was the greatest in cereal crops having 16.666% spp, while the family Asteraceae was next one with 14.912% weeds spp. Family Boraginaceae and Papilionaceae gaining third position having 6.140% weeds spp. Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae having 5.263%, Euphorbiaceae (4.385%), Polygonaceae (3.508%), Zygophyllaceae (2.631%), while the remaining families have less then 2.00 % weeds species. It was reported that Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Conyza bonariensis, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Parthenium hysterophorus andSonchus asper were the common weed found in all the three important cereal crops i.e wheat, maize and rice.

scholarly journals Chemical control of curled dock (Rumex crispus L.) and other weeds in noncropped areas

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsvetanka Dimitrova ◽  
Plamen Marinov-Serafimov
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Rumex Crispus ◽  
Carduus Acanthoides ◽  
Herbicide Mixture ◽  
Amaranthus Spp ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

Rumex crispus L. is an invasive species widespread in our country and in particular in the region of North Bulgaria. It is characterized by high biological and ecological plasticity. Owing to its great reproductive potential, the weed has been assigned to the list of economically most important weeds in the country. With the purpose of studying the possibility of chemical weed control in noncropped areas with heavy natural background infestation with R. crispus L. and other dicotyledonous weeds, two field trials were carried out. A ready-to-use herbicide mixture 2,4-D 140.2 g/l-1 + Triclopyr 144 g/l-1, trade product Genoxon 3X (X0050), was tested at two doses of active ingredient, 3552 and 2842 ml/ha-1. It was found that: (1) population density of Rumex crispus L. can be successfully reduced by treatment at the stage of early stem formation; herbicide efficacy with 3552 and 2882 ml/ha-1 doses on the 21st day after treatment was 100% and 90.5%, respectively, at the end of vegetation 94.4 and 85.7%, respectively; (2) herbicidal efficacy was lower when R. crispus L. was treated at the 5 - 6 leaf stage, being 100 - 94.1% and 80 - 76.5% respectively for the indicated doses and time of recording; (3) at the studied doses the herbicide controlled both annual dicotyledonous weeds (Amaranthus spp., Chenopodium album L., Portulaca oleracea L.) and perennial dicotyledonous ones (Cirsium arvense L., Sonchus arvensis L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Carduus acanthoides L.), but it was not toxic to monocotyledonous weeds.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of water extracts of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers., Convolvulus arvensis L. and Cirsium arvense Scop. on early seedling growth of some leguminous crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Golubinova ◽  
Anna Ilieva
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Vigor ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

In order to study the allelopathic effect of aboveground dry biomass of Sorghum halepense, Convolvulus arvensis and Cirsium arvense on seed germination and early seedling growth of Pisum sativum (L.), varieties Mir (winter form) and Kerpo (spring form); Vicia sativa (L.), variety Tempo, and Medicago sativa (L.), variety Dara, a laboratory experiment was conducted at the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven. Four concentrations: 1.25, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0% were applied to each weed biotype used to study allelopathic effects. The results showed that weed extracts significantly decreased germination percentage, shoot and root length (cm), shoot and root weight (g), and seed vigor index (SVI1 and SVI2) of the tested species. In general, the variable effects are related to the weed species and extract concentrations.

scholarly journals Видовой состав сорных растений в агрофитоценозах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных областях: Ленинградской (Северо-Западный регион) и Липецкой (Центрально-Черноземный регион)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Н. Лунева
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

Цель исследования – выявление различий в видовом составе сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных регионах (СЗР и ЦЧР). Произведен сравнительный анализ данных обследования 30 полей зерновых культур в ряде районов Ленинградской области в 2014-2016 гг. и 29 полей в районах Липецкой области в 2016-2018 гг., осуществленных по оригинальной методике автора. Использованы традиционные методы флористического анализа, а также распределение видов по классам постоянства встречаемости. Различия между сегетальными элементами флоры зерновых культур двух областей заключаются в более высоких показателях флористического богатства и таксономического разнообразия в Ленинградской области, а также различной очередностью семейств в первых двух «триадах» сравниваемых флористических спектров. Более глубокие отличия заключаются не только в наличии дифференциальных видов (63 вида в посевах зерновых культур только в Ленинградской области и 45 видов в посевах зерновых только в Липецкой области), но и в разных показателях встречаемости одинаковых видов, засоряющих посевы зерновых культур в обоих регионах. К более высоким классам постоянства встречаемости в Ленинградской области, чем в Липецкой, относятся виды: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Matricaria discoídea DC., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Thlaspi arvense L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Fumaria officinalis L. и Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Sonchus arvensis L., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Plantago major L., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F. Gray, Polygonum aviculare L. На территории Липецкой области такими видами являются – Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr,. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Galium aparine L., Convolvulus arvensis L. В засоренности посевов ячменя в разных областях также выявлены различия: зарегистрировано 42 вида сорных растений в посевах ячменя только Ленинградской области (среди которых доминирует Matricaria discoídea DC.) и 31 вид в посевах ячменя только в Липецкой области (среди которых доминируют Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., и Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Из 29 одинаковых видов в посевах ячменя обеих областей, в Ленинградской области преобладают Chenopodium album L., Fumaria officinalis L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., а в Липецкой Convolvulus arvensis L., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. Следовательно, фитосанитарный прогноз распространения видов сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в целом, и в посевах ячменя, в частности, как и системы защиты от сорных растений будут отличаться в двух сравниваемых регионах.

scholarly journals Structural lipids and carbohydrates of the deep mycelium of phoma-like micromycetes, potential mycoherbicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 02011
Author(s):  
Sofia V. Sokornova ◽  
Galina M. Frolova ◽  
Evgeny A. Gusenkov ◽  
Daniel M. Malygin ◽  
Alexey L. Shavarda
Keyword(s):  
Growth Phase ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Stationary Growth Phase ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Stationary Growth ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽  
Early Stationary Growth Phase

The work is devoted to the mycelium biochemical composition of Stagonospora cirsii C-211, Calophoma complanata 32.121, Didymella macrostoma 32.52. These phylogenetically distant species of phoma-like micromycetes are the potential mycoherbicides of Cirsium arvense, Heracleum sosnowskyi, and Convolvulus arvensis, respectively. The S. cirsii C-211, C. complanata 32.121, D. macrostoma 32.52 mycelium in the early stationary growth phase was obtained on sucrose-soybean nutrient medium. It was shown that the lipid and carbohydrate (polyols, sugars) profiles of these strains have much in common. We suppose that levels of arabitol and trehalose influence to the stress-resistant of phoma-like micromycetes. In particularly, these carbohydrates serve structural and protective roles in the cell walls during osmotic and temperatures stress. The ratio of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine and the proportion of phosphatidylserine among structural lipids also determine the properties of mycelium, and can be used to assess its quality.

scholarly journals Siirt'te Doğal Yayılış Gösteren Parazit Yabancı Otlar ve Konukçuları

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-822
Author(s):  
Mesut SIRRI ◽  
Cumali ÖZASLAN ◽  
Mehmet FİDAN
Keyword(s):  
Viscum Album ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Orobanche Ramosa

Bitkisel üretimde ekonomik verim kaybına neden olan en önemli faktörlerden birisi de yabancı otlardır. Yabancı otlar kültür bitkileri ile rekabete girerek ve allelopatik etkileri ile kültür bitkilerini olumsuz etkilemeleri yanında kültür bitkileri üzerinde parazit olarak yaşamak suretiyle verim ve kalite kayıplarına neden olmaktadırlar. Çalışma ile Siirt ili genelinde görülen parazitik yabancı ot türlerinin ve rastlanma sıklıklarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sürvey çalışmaları 2018-2019 yıllarında ve ili temsil edecek şekilde toplam 105 noktada yürütülmüştür. Çalışmalar sonucunda tam parazitik karekter gösteren Orabanche cinsine ait 3 tür (Orobanchea egyptiaca Pers., Orobanche crenata Forssk. ve Orobanche ramosa L.), Cuscuta cinsine dahil 2 tür (Cuscuta approximata Bab., Cuscuta campestris Yunck.) saptanmıştır. Ayrıca bölgede ormanlık alanlarda meşe türlerinde sorun olan ve yarı parazitik nitelik gösteren Viscum album L. ve Loranthus europaeus Jacq. türlerine de rastlanmıştır. Bölgede belirlenen parazitik yabancı otlara konukçuluk yapan kültür bitkileri ile yabancı otlar da listelenmiştir. Tarımsal açıdan Orobanche türlerine özellikle mercimek ve domates tarlalarında sıklıkla rastlandığı ve önemli düzeyde ekonomik kayıplara neden oldukları saptanmıştır. Bölgede parazit yabancı otlardan kaynaklanan verim kayıplarının önlenmesi için entegre yabancı ot idare stratejilerine ihtiyaç duyulduğu görülmüştür. Ancak üreticilerin konuya ilişkin bilgi birikimlerindeki eksiklik dikkate alınarak öncelikle konuya ilişkin yayım çalışmalarının öncelikle yapılması gerektiği kanaatine varılmıştır.

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