EFFICIENCY OF USE OF THE "NEW" AND "OLD" SELECTION ALPHA BULLS’ DESCENDANTS EVALUATED BY GENOME AND OFFSPRING QUALITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Е.И. САКСА
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Selection Of

Дана оценка племенной ценности (ПЦ) потомков быков-лидеров голштинской породы «новой» и «старой» селекций США в условиях хозяйств Ленинградской области. В среднем, повышение молочной продуктивности от использования импортной спермы 68 проверенных по качеству потомства быков составило +79 кг молока (10133 кг, 3,82% жира, 3,23% белка). Наиболее высокий показатель ПЦ по удою — у 18 потомков быков-лидеров «новой» селекции: +175 кг при одинаковом содержании жира и белка в молоке (10673 кг, 3,84% жира, 3,25% белка). У потомков быков-лидеров «старой» селекции ПЦ по удою была ниже и составила +53 кг молока (9989 кг, 3,81% жира, 3,22% белка). Выявлена положительная связь (P<0,001) между ПЦ потомков быков-лидеров, оцененных по геному в США и по качеству потомства в хозяйствах Ленинградской области: по удою +0,634; по содержанию жира в молоке — -0,476; по содержанию белка — +0,444. Приведены предварительные данные о сокращении генерационного интервала между поколениями геномно оцененных быков при использовании их в подборах пар в племзаводе. Выявлено, что при использовании геномно оцененных потомков быков-лидеров высокой ПЦ «старой» селекции можно избежать близкородственного разведения и обеспечить генетическое улучшение животных по селекционным признакам. Breeding value (BV) evaluation of the descendants of alpha bulls from the “new” and “old” USA’s selections of the Holstein breed under the conditions of the farms located in the Leningrad Region is presented. In average, the increase of milk yield due to the use of imported sperm of 68 bulls with the verified offspring quality amounted to +79 kg of milk (10133 kg; fat — 3.82%; protein — 3.23%). The highest BV parameter by milk yield was registered in 18 descendants of the “new” selection’s alpha bulls: +175 kg with similar fat and protein content of milk (10673 kg; fat — 3.84%; protein — 3.25%). BV of the descendants of the “old” selection’s alpha bulls by milk yield was lower and amounted to +53 kg of milk (9989 kg; fat — 3.81%; protein — 3.22%). A positive relationship (P<0.001) was identified between BV of the descendants of alpha bulls which were evaluated by genome in the USA and by the quality of offspring in the farms of the Leningrad Region: by milk yield — +0.634; by fat content in milk — -0.476; by protein content in milk — +0.444. Preliminary data concerning the reduction of the generation interval between the generations of genome-assessed bulls upon their use for the selection of pairs in the breeding plant was presented. It was found, that the use of genome-assessed descendants of “old” selection’s alpha bulls with the high BV parameter can be carried out avoiding closely related breeding and ensuring genetical improvement of animals by selection traits.

scholarly journals THE ASSESSMENT OF SERVICING BULLS BY THE OFFSPRING QUALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Т.В. Шишкина ◽  
Т.А. Гусева
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Ability Index ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Penza Oblast

В последние десятилетия широко используются комплексные индексы хозяйственной и племенной ценности животных, которые определяются на основе централизованного сбора и анализа данных о результатах использования быков в различных природно-экономических условиях. В нашей стране племенные достоинства быков-производителей оценивают по продуктивным качествам их дочерей. Исследования по оценке быков-производителей по качеству потомства были проведены в условиях ООО «УК «Русмолко» Пензенской области. С этой целью были отобраны быки-производители голштинской породы компании Alta Genetics Russia, проведена оценка племенной ценность быков по комплексу признаков, проанализирована продуктивность дочерей быков по производственным качествам, проведена оценка производителей сравнением дочерей со сверстницами, рассмотрена реализация генетического потенциала продуктивности коров, рассчитан удой дочерей быков в зависимости от NM$ и ППС. В результате исследований установлено, что при подборе производителей для закрепления за стадом допустимо руководствоваться показателями индекса пожизненной прибыли, при этом целесообразно руководствоваться расчетом прогнозируемого удоя по индексу передающей способности производителя. In recent decades, complex economic and estimated breeding values of animals have been widely used. They are determined on the basis of centralized collection and analysis of data on the results of using bulls in various natural and economic conditions. In our country, the breeding qualities of servicing bulls are assessed by the productive qualities of their daughters. Studies to assess servicing bulls by the quality of their offspring were carried out in the conditions of OOO (LLC) “UK “Rusmolko” of Penza oblast. For this purpose, servicing bulls of the Holstein breed of Alta Genetics Russia were selected, the breeding value of bulls was assessed by a set of traits, the productivity of the daughters of bulls was analyzed in terms of production qualities, the servicing bulls were assessed by comparing their daughters with the peers, the implementation of the genetic potential of cows’ productivity was considered, the milk yield of the daughters was calculated depending on NM$ (lifetime net merit) and PTA (predicted transmitting ability). As a result of the research, it was found that when selecting servicing bulls for assigning to a herd, it is permissible to be guided by the indicators of the lifetime merit index, it is also advisable to be guided by the calculation of the predicted milk yield according to the predicted transmitting ability index.

scholarly journals Efficiency of breeding value genomic assessment of Holstein stud bulls in comparison with the assessment of the offspring quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06045
Author(s):  
Yulia Isupova ◽  
Maria Kuznetsova ◽  
Ekaterina Gimazitdinova ◽  
Ekaterina Martynova
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Sharp Decline ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Udmurt Republic

A comparative analysis of the genomic assessment results of Holstein breed stud bulls and their assessment on the offspring quality in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic was carried out. To analyze the efficiency of using stud bulls assessed by different methods, data from farms included in the ranking of the top 20 enterprises in terms of milk yield per cow for 2019-2020 were used. A high indicator of the complex LPI index (over 2500) was obtained in three bulls at the beginning of the assessment, by the end of the assessment there were two bulls left - J. Koln-M 11087837 and Super 64131037. The outsiders of the LPI ranking were stud bulls Parlament 52800347 and Patrik 51660096. The indicators of the complex LPI index are at a decent level for all analyzed stud bulls. It should be noted that stud bulls, which had the least change in the LPI index from April 1, 2014 to December 1, 2017, performed well. Bulls, which initially had overestimated results on this indicator, subsequently gave a sharp decline in the LPI index. The value of milk productivity of the evaluated stud bulls' daughters ranged from 5930 to 6415 kg, the mass fraction of fat in milk - from 3.79 to 4.02%, protein - from 3.06 to 3.11%. In most cases, the genomic assessment does not accurately reflect the change in the productive quality of stud bulls' daughters. But in the case of a predicted change to a positive or negative side in the genome, it is also confirmed by the results of assessing the offspring quality, that is, if a bull is predicted to have a sharp decrease in milk yield, then negative indicators are observed according to the “daughter-peer” method.

SELECTION CRITERIA FOR BREEDING BULLS

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Е.И. САКСА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Представленные в статье данные, основанные на результатах оценки племенных качеств голштинских быков в стране происхождения (США) и в хозяйствах Ленинградской области, дают основания считать, что наиболее эффективным критерием отбора быков, выведенных как путем внутрилинейного подбора, так и кросса линий является их племенная ценность по удою. Использование молодых быков со средней геномной оценкой по удою (GEBV) в стране происхождения (США) +73 кг и +375 кг молока привело к снижению удоя в хозяйствах Ленинградской области на -213 и -111 кг молока, соответственно, по результатам оценки быков методом «дочери–сверстницы». Наиболее высокая эффективность  достигнута при использовании производителей со средней геномной оценкой (GEBV) по удою +760 кг молока, в условиях ферм США их оценка по качеству потомства составила +422 кг молока (BLUP AM), в хозяйствах Ленинградской области — +201 кг молока (метод «дочери–сверстницы»). Коэффициент корреляции оценок племенной ценности быков по геному в США и по качеству потомства в хозяйствах Ленинградской области составил по удою 0,514, по содержанию жира 0,584 и белка в молоке — 0,679.. При отсутствии системы, позволяющей производить пересчет данных оценки племенных качеств быков зарубежных стран, товаропроизводителям необходимо использовать для совершенствования продуктивных качеств голштинского скота импортных производителей с геномной оценкой в стране происхождения по удою +600 кг молока и более (с положительной оценкой по экстерьерным и функциональным признакам). The data presented in the article are based on the results of assessment of the breed qualities of Holstein bulls in the country of origin (USA) and on the farms of the Leningrad region and give a reason to believe that the most effective criterion for selecting bulls bred both by intra-line selection and cross-line is their breeding value milk yield. The use of young bulls with an average genomic assessment for milk yield (GEBV) in the country of origin (USA) of +73 kg and +375 kg of milk led to a decrease in milk yield in the farms of the Leningrad region on -213 and -111 kg of milk, respectively, according to the results of the assessment of bulls using the “daughter-herdmate” method. The highest efficiency was achieved at usage of breeders with an average genomic rating (GEBV) for milk yield of +760 kg of milk, in the conditions of US farms, their assessment for the quality of offspring amounted +422 kg of milk (BLUP AM), in farms of the Leningrad region — +201 kg of milk (“daughter-herdmate” method). The correlation coefficient of assessments of the breeding value of bulls by genome in the USA and by the quality of offspring in the farms of the Leningrad region that amounted 0.514 for milk yield, 0.584 for fat and  0.679 for protein in milk. In the absence of a system that allows to recalculate the data evaluation of breeding qualities of bulls in foreign countries, producers need to use the productive qualities of Holstein livestock of imported producers with a genomic evaluation in the country of origin for the milk yield + 600 kg or more (with a positive assessment for exterior and functional signs) for improvement.

FACTORS OF EVALUATION OF BREEDING BULLS AND MANAGEMENT OF BREEDING POPULATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Н.А. ПОПОВ ◽  
В.Ю. СИДОРОВА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Genetic Trend ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
Significant Difference

В статье рассмотрены цифровой формат оценки племенной ценности инбредных быков-производителей по качеству потомства и ее влияние на последующие поколения животных. Выявление инбредного гетерозиса у производителей помогает сделать оценку быков по качеству потомства более информативной за счет определения глубины изменения параметров генетической структуры популяции и степени увеличения частоты рецессивных генов в подконтрольных популяциях. Одной из причин значительной разницы в удое, МДЖ и МДБ российских и американских коров голштинской породы являлась их удаленность от родоначальника. Другой причиной считается стремление селекционеров к инбридингу на выдающихся предков, однако в случае инбредного гетерозиса высокие показатели родителей быстро затухают в последующих поколениях потомков. Исследования были проведены в хозяйствах Московской области малой и средней производственной мощности. Для сравнения проанализированы результаты оценки быков-производителей из США и других стран с высокоразвитым молочным скотоводством. Методами изучения были имитационный и регрессионный анализ данных первичного зоотехнического учета и собственных исследований. Эксперимент показал, что быки-производители с высокими степенями родства уменьшали изменчивость признаков молочности среди дочерей: по удою — на 77,9%; по МДЖ — на 33,4%; по МДБ — на 36,0%, по сравнению с отцами, имеющими низкие степени родства. При этом в их поголовье в первом поколении повышается генетический тренд по удою на 14,3—21,4%, а племенная ценность — на 10,8—26,8%. В настоящее время в зарубежных популяциях голштинской породы широко применяют геномный метод оценки племенной ценности, при котором не требуется информация о родословных животных и не учитывается степень их родства, что отрицательно влияет на получение высококачественного потомства. Повышение племенной ценности по признакам в популяции сыновей и внуков быков-лидеров породы угасает, если в генофонде родителей имел место инбредный гетерозис. The article considers of the inbred breeding bulls breeding value by offspring quality and its impact on subsequent generations of animals’ digital format assessing. Identification of inbred heterosis helps to make the bulls’ assessment by the offspring quality more informative, by determining the depth of changes in the genetic structure of the population parameters and the recessive genes at populations frequency degree increase controlling. One of the reasons for the significant difference in milk yield, MJ and MDB of Russian and American Holstein cows was their distance from the ancestor. Another reason is considered to be of the breeders to inbreeding for outstanding ancestors’ desire, but in the case of inbred heterosis, high rates of parents quickly fade in descendants in subsequent generations. The research was carried out in the farms of the Moscow region of small and medium production capacity. For comparison, the results of the evaluation of breeding bulls in the United States and other countries with highly developed dairy cattle breeding were analyzed. The research methods were simulation and regression analysis of primary zootechnical accounting data and authors’ own research. Experimental data showed that breeding bulls with high degrees of relation reduced the variability of milk production among daughters by milk yield in 77.9%: for MJ in 33.4%; for MDB in 36.0% in compared with fathers with relation’s low degrees. At the same time, in livestock’s first generation, the genetic trend in milk yield increases in 14.3—21.4%, and the breeding value in 10.8—26.8%. Currently, the genomic method of assessing the breeding value is widely used in foreign populations of the Holstein breed, which does not require information about the pedigrees of animals, and does not take into account the degree of their kinship, which negatively affects the production of high-quality offspring. The breeding qualities of the sons of the bull leaders of the breed are quickly disabled the surge of increased breeding value by signs in the population of sons and grandchildren of bulls-leaders of the breed is fading if inbred heterosis took place in the parents' gene pool.

EFFICIENCY OF USING BULLS EVALUATED BY THE QUALITY OF OFFSPRING AND GENOME IN FARMS OF THE LENINGRAD REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.С. МАСЛЕННИКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
The United States ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Repeatability Coefficient ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Genomic Breeding ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Genomic Breeding Value

Показана эффективность использования быков, оцененных по качеству потомства и геному, в хозяйствах Ленинградской области. В среднем повышение молочной продуктивности в условиях региона от использования импортной спермы 84 проверенных по качеству потомства быков составило +19 кг молока (10138 кг молока, 3,83% жира, 3,20% белка), 68 геномно оцененных быков — +24 кг молока (10568 кг молока, 3,85% жира, 3,23% белка). Наилучшие результаты при оценке по качеству потомства в хозяйствах Ленинградской области получены от импортных производителей с племенной ценностью более +600 кг молока (+218 кг молока по быкам, оцененным по качеству потомства, +120 кг молока по геномно оцененным быкам). Уровень племенной ценности по удою улучшателя Дэвиса 138027041 варьирует от +297 до +615 кг молока. В высокопродуктивных (10000 кг и выше) стадах превышение удоя над сверстницами было больше, чем в стадах с продуктивностью 8000 кг молока при коэффициенте повторяемости 0,85. Быки с высокой геномной оценкой (от +719 кг до +1137 кг молока) повысили удой дочерей, по сравнению со сверстницами, в хозяйствах Ленинградской области от +274 кг (Стерлинг 69701759) до +1063 кг (Салун 70358061). С увеличением геномной племенной ценности производителей наблюдается рост продуктивности дочерей в хозяйствах области на 1469 кг молока. Между оценками племенной ценности быков разными методами (в США метод BLUP, в Ленинградской области — «дочери—сверстницы») выявлена положительная связь по удою для быков, проверенных по качеству потомства, +0,54, имеющих геномную оценку — +0,52; по содержанию жира в молоке — +0,48 и +0,57, белка — +0,66 и +0,61, соответственно. Применение современных методов оценки быков (как по качеству потомства, так и по геному) и использование ценных генотипов быков позволят повысить генетический потенциал скота. This article shows the effectiveness of using bulls evaluated by the quality of offspring and genome in the farms of the Leningrad region. On average, the increase in milk productivity in the region from the use of imported sperm of 84 bulls tested for the quality of offspring was +19 kg of milk (10138 kg of milk, 3.83% fat, 3.20% protein), 68 genomically evaluated bulls — +24 kg of milk (10568 kg of milk, 3.85% fat, 3.23% protein). The best results in assessing the quality of offspring in the farms of the Leningrad region were obtained from imported producers with a breeding value of more than +600 kg of milk (+218 kg of milk for bulls evaluated for the quality of offspring, +120 kg of milk for genomically evaluated bulls). The level of breeding value for the milk yield of the improver Davis 138027041 varies from +297 to +615 kg of milk. In highly productive (10,000 kg and higher) herds, the excess of milk yield over peers was greater than in herds with a productivity of 8000 kg of milk with a repeatability coefficient of 0.85. Bulls with a high genomic rating (from +719 kg to +1137 kg of milk) increased the milk yield of their daughters compared to their peers in the farms of the Leningrad region from +274 kg (Sterling 69701759) to +1063 kg (Saloon 70358061). With the increase in the genomic breeding value of producers, there is an increase in the productivity of daughters in the farms of the region by 1469 kg of milk. A positive relationship was found between the estimates of the breeding value of bulls by different methods (in the United States, the BLUP method, in the Leningrad region — «daughters—peers» method) for bulls tested for the quality of offspring +0.54, with a genomic score of +0.52; in terms of fat content in milk — +0.48 and +0.57, protein — +0.66 and +0.61, respectively. The use of modern methods for evaluating bulls (both by the quality of offspring and by genome) and the use of valuable genotypes of bulls will increase the genetic potential of livestock.

Milk productivity of the cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in environment of the Novosibirsk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zheltikov ◽  
N. Kostomakhin ◽  
D. Adushinov ◽  
O. Zaiko ◽  
V. Dementev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Novosibirsk Region ◽  
Daily Milk Yield

The characteristic of milk productivity of cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” in the Maslyaninsky district in the Novosibirsk region has been given. It has been revealed that under the natural and climatic environments of the Western Siberia, when creating favorable conditions for feeding and housing for cows of Holstein and Simmental breeds have sufficiently high milk productivity. It has been found that Holstein first-calf heifers surpassed their Simmental herdmates by 959 kg in milk yield for the first 305 days of lactation under the same conditions of housing and feeding, by 3,1 kg in daily milk yield, by 38,2 kg in milk fat yield, and by 28,3 kg in milk protein yield (P < 0,001). There were no statistically significant differences between animals of Holstein and Simmental breeds in terms of fat and protein content in milk, which amounted to 3,94 and 2,96 % in Holstein breed and 3,97 and 2,98 % in Simmental breed, respectively. Both breeds have shown high milk productivity during the first 3 lactations. Thus, the milk yield of Holstein cows for the first 3 lactation was 6475–9290 kg, Simmental cows it was 5516–7680 kg, fat content was 3,93–3,99 and 3,96–3,97 %, respectively. The protein content in the milk of cows of both breeds did not exceed 3,0 %. High variability has been found in milk yield, yield of milk fat and protein, the coefficient of milk content and duration of lactation, the lowest in the content of protein and fat in milk and live weight. The correlation coefficients between the fat and protein content in milk were generally positive, but did not exceed 0,28. Therefore, breeding in the herd of cows in LLC “Sibirskaya Niva” have to be conducted not only by fat content, but also by protein content in milk.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СТАД СКОТА СИММЕНТАЛЬСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПО МОЛОЧНОЙ И МЯСНОЙ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. SIVKIN ◽  
N.V. STREKOZOV ◽  
V.I. CHINAROV
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breeding Herd ◽  
Simmental Cattle ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Meat Type

В симментальской породе предусматривается разведение скота, сбалансировано сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность. Однако в практике совершенствования племенных стад в подборах быков доминируют улучшатели удоя, что во многом предопределяет результаты селекции и продуктивный тип животных. Объектом нашего исследования стало стадо чистопородного симментальского скота в условиях стойловой системы беспривязного и привязного содержания коров. Для изучения эффективности использования быков-производителей разного племенного достоинства сформировали 2 опытные группы: I состояла из бычков, полученных от отцов с племенной ценностью (ПЦ) по удою 100 кг и более, а во II с ПЦ от 0 до 100 кг молока. Симментальские бычки, отобранные для контрольного убоя, достигали весовых кондиций 500 кг и более в 17,5 мес при среднесуточном приросте 911 г. При использовании на маточном поголовье быков-производителей с улучшающим эффектом по удою 100 кг и более, их сыновья (I группа), на фоне более высоких суточных приростов (на 30 г) и раннем возрасте достижения живой массы 500 кг (на 18 дней) имели массу и выход туши на 21,4 кг и 2,7 ниже, чем у бычков II группы. При формировании молочно-мясного типа быки-производители с умеренной племенной ценностью по удою обеспечивали получение потомства, сочетающего молочную и мясную продуктивность в экономически значимых пропорциях.The Simmental breed provides for the breeding of cattle that combines milk and meat productivity in a balanced proportion. However, in the practice of improving breeding herds, the selection of bulls is dominated by milk yield improvers, which largely determines the results of selection and the productive type of animals. The object of our research was a breeding herd of purebred Simmental cattle in variety feeding and housing practices. To study the effectiveness of using bulls-producers of different breeding values, 2 experimental groups were formed: I consisted of bulls received from fathers with a breeding value (BV) of milk yield 100 kg or more, and II with a BV from 0 to 100 kg of milk. Simmental bulls selected for control slaughter reached weight standards of 500 kg or more in 17.5 months with an average daily increase of 911 g. When used on breeding of bulls with an improving effect on the yield of 100 kg or more, their sons (group I), against the background of higher daily gains (30 g) and an early age of reaching a live weight of 500 kg (18 days), had a mass and carcass yield of 21.4 kg and 2.7 lower than that of group II bulls. When forming a dairy-meat type, producing bulls with a moderate breeding value for milk yield provided for the production of offspring that combined dairy and meat productivity in economically significant proportions.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF DIFFERENT ASSESSMENT METHODS OF BREEDING BULLS OF BLACK-AND-WHITE BREED BY THE OFFSPRING QUALITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
E. I. Anisimova E. I. ◽  
◽  
P. S. Katmakov ◽  
A. V. Bushov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Hydraulic Engineering ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Ideal Line

The paper presents results of assessing black-and-white bulls by the quality of the offspring with application of different methods. The evaluation of bulls was carried out with application of the “daughter-mother” method in the conditions of Volzhsky Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation. The valuation showed that the bulls Aist 7 and Muscat 8 increased milk yield of daughters, in comparison with mothers, by 951 and 486 kg, or by 26.7 and 12.9%. The rest of the servicing bulls reduced milk yield of the offspring by 46 - 1019 kg (1.1 - 24.7%). When assessing the bulls using the “daughterpeer” method, the highest milk productivity was shown by the descendants of Sazan 25 and Aist 7 of Vis Back Ideal line, which surpassed their peers in milk yield by 273 and 419 kg, or by 3.8 and 5.7%, respectively. The producers Snop 57 (his 17 daughters had average milk yield of 4224 kg for the first lactation with milk fat of 3.80%) and Muscat 8 (with an average milk yield of daughters of 4254 kg , milk fat - 3.83%) are also of significant value for the breeding work of this farm. According to the assessment results, the producer Aist 7 was assigned to the breeding category of A1 of milk yield improvers. Bulls Sazan 25 and Muscat 8 are also rated as daughters’ milk yield improvers and are categorized as A2 and A3. All bulls evaluated by comparing daughters to the breed standards are improvers of daughters’ milk yield (+ 454-1860 kg).

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BREEDING VALUE INHERITANCE SIRES OF HOLSTEIN BREED

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
А. P. Кrugliak ◽  
Т. О. Кrugliak
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Intermediate Form ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Additive Form

In our studies, the phenotypic manifestation of the additive form of inheritance of breeding value by milk yield (intermediate and parental dominance) was in 334 (82.2%) bulls, and non-additive form (over-dominance and regression) – in 72 (17.8%) including: over-dominance in 55 (13.5%) and regression in 17 heads (4.2%). In the population assessment, for all forms of inheritance, there was a clear quantitative shift of the breeding value of sons of milk yield to positive (+) values, compared with the breeding value of their parents. This confirms that sons, selected after their evaluation, and recognized as milk yield improvers. The variability of the breeding value of sons by milking depending on the forms of its inheritance has been established. According to the group of bulls by intermediate type of inheritance, milk yield sign were found in 291 (71.7%) sons, whose pedigree value was 606.4 ± 11.6 kg and was higher than the half-sum of both parents (554 kg), which deviates from the action of intermediate inheritance at 52 kg (109%). After all, the recognition of the intermediate nature of inheritance involves obtaining in the offspring of animals with the same set of chromosomes as their parents, and hence with the same phenotype. Therefore, from a theoretical point of view, genetic progress in the population should be not expected from this group of animals. However, in this case, the increase in breeding value was 9%, which is statistically significant (P > 0.99). A rather high variability of the breeding value of sons from its level in their parents with an intermediate form of inheritance has been established. Thus, of the 159 bulls-breeders in which the breeding value was inherited by intermediate form, only 30 sons (7.3% of the total population) of the bull Duster 2147488 (BV +579 kg and mothers with an average BV +632 kg, half the amount of the BV of both parents was +605 kg), was +605.5 ± 30.8 kg and was equal to the half-sum of the BV of both parents, and 9 (2.2%) sons of the bull Manfred 2183007, whose breeding value was, on average, at the population level +856.3 ± 37.6 kg and was equal to the half-sum of the indicator of the parents' BV (+851 kg). The inheritance of breeding value of bulls on quantitative signs of milk productivity in highly consolidated breeds on these signs, at intra-breeding selection occurs by a combination of phenotypic display of action of additive and non-additive (super-dominance) forms of inheritance. The frequency of these forms of inheritance probably is determined by the number and quality of chromosome pairs in the karyotype of animals on the probable basis of their manifestation in the population [15]. The relative variability of breeding value by milk yield along the line "father – son" and "mother – son" depends on the form of its inheritance. The coefficient of phenotypic correlation between the breeding value of parents and sons in the intermediate form of inheritance is +0.524 – +0.560 and increases with parental dominance to +0.907 ± 0.040 and +0.985 ± 0.006, and over-dominance to +0.887 ± 0.044 and +0.905 ± 0.033, at high statistical significant. Inheritance by non-additive form (over-dominance of both parents) is more effectively associated with increasing of breeding value by milk yield their sons than by the additive form.

scholarly journals Evaluation of breeding bulls based on quality of offspring considering crossing options

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-463
Author(s):  
M. V. Abramova ◽  
S. V. Zyryanova
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Bulls

Breeding takes the main place in the complex of measures for intensification of dairy cattle breeding. A characteristic feature of breeding work is identification of the most valuable genotypes and their further use in cattle population. The Holstein breed is considered one of the most highly productive breeds, in many countries of the world it is used for the genetic improvement of local breeds. In this regard, a comparative assessment of methods for determining the breeding value of bulls of different genotypes obtained by interbreeding is relevant. The results of assessment of genetic superiority of the used breeding bulls in terms of milk productivity of daughters for the first lactation through interannual deviations of the homogeneous peers are presented, the best producers in all the studied herds are identified, it is established which breeds the best and worst breeding bulls belong to. The research revealed that 18% of bulls had genetic superiority at controlled farms (9% - Holstein breed, 6% - Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls, 3% - Mikhailovsky type’s bulls), a negative value - 24% including 9% - Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls, 9% - Mikhailovsky type’s bulls and 6% - Holstein bulls. A comparative evaluation of the two methods showed a high reliable positive correlation between results of Mikhailovsky type bulls and Yaroslavl crossbreeding bulls equal to 0.82 and 0.56, respectively, which indicates a high reliability of the method of genetic superiority index, which can be used to evaluate bulls during crossbreeding. It is possible to increase the genetic potential of herds by excluding producers with a negative genetic index. The obtained results are recommended to be used when mating bulls and for development of breeding programs for individual herds or entire population

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