scholarly journals Results of Сamelina oil assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Turina ◽  
◽  
S.G. Efimenko ◽  
Yu.A. Kornev ◽  
A.P. Liksutina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alkaline Catalyst ◽  
The Crimea

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz – is an annual oilseed crop in the family Brassicaceae. The aim of the research was to study oil obtained from camelina seeds cultivated in the Crimea. Determination of fatty acid composition was carried out on the gas chromatograph “Хроматэк – Кристалл 5000” (Hromatek - Crystal 5000); automatic dosing unit ДАЖ-2М (DAJ- 2M); capillary column SolGelWax 30m × 0.25 mm × 0.5 μm; carrier gas – helium; speed – 22 centimeters per second; programming temperature –178–230 °С. The preparation of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) using gas-liquid chromatography (GC) was performed in line with the methodology. The content of biologically active substances (tocopherols) in Camelina sativa oil was carried out using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spectroscopy. To obtain biofuel, we used the transesterification of triglyceride (or triacylglycerols) of camelina oil with methyl alcohol using potassium hydroxide (or sodium) as a homogeneous catalyst, as well as active metal oxides or enzymes (regiospecific lipase) as heterogeneous catalysts. Camelina sativa oil, obtained from false flax cultivated in the Crimea, should be used, first of all, to ensure healthy, dietary and therapeutic nutrition of the locals and tourists. Since, depending on the variety and the amount of precipitation, it contains 17.89-19.66% of linoleic acid; 33.02-37.06% of linolenic acid; not more than 3.05% of erucic acid. Furthermore, the ratio of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids varies from 1.7: 1.0 to 2.2: 1.0 even in wet years. The oil from the winter camelina seeds (‘Penzyak’ variety) in its composition and properties is suitable for the synthesis of biodiesel by the methanolysis reaction using a homogeneous alkaline catalyst. The physical and chemical properties of the obtained biodiesel are similar to those of sunflower or rapeseed oils.

scholarly journals FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF WINTER CAMELINA DEPENDING ON THE REGION OF CULTIVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
T.Ya. Prakhova ◽  
◽  
E.L. Turina ◽  
V.A. Prakhov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
The Crimea

Camelina sylvestris (L.) Crantz. is a valuable oilseed known due to the vegetable oil used in human nutrition and industrial production. The current research is aimed to assess the content of fatty acids in Camelina sylvestris oilseeds depending on the hydrothermal cultivation conditions. Seeds of winter camelina variety ‘Penzyak’ grown in the Penza region and steppe Crimea in 2017–2019 served as the object of the research. In 2017, arid conditions were recorded in the Crimea, Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) = 0.61. In the Penza region, on the contrary, the level of moisture in 2017 was moderate, HTC = 1.10. Weather conditions in 2019 were characterized as arid in both regions; HTC was 0.63 and 0.60. In 2018, in the Crimea and Penza, HTC was 0.23 and 0.45, respectively. The soils of the experimental plots – chernozems leached (Penza) and southern low-humic (Crimea). Fatty acid methyl esters were isolated and analyzed according to GOST R 51 486–99. The concentration of oleic and linoleic acids increased in seeds grown in the Crimea and amounted to 15.50–18.56 % and 18.08–19.58 %. In the colder region (Penza), the content of these acids decreased to 11.90–14.82 and 16.12–17.10 %, respectively. The highest content of linolenic acid was in oilseeds from the Penza region and amounted to 36.80–38.50 %, which was 4.94–6.40 % higher than the content of linolenic acid in oilseeds from the Crimea. The content of erucic acid in the Camelina sylvestris (L.) Crantz. from both regions was 2.81–2.94 %. The coefficient of variation of this acid was 1.59 %. Linolenic and oleic acids are the most susceptible to changes in cultivation conditions, coefficient of variation – 10.08 and 16.32 %, respectively. The total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was high and averaged 52.4–54.6 %. The highest concentration was noted in oilseeds from Penza, which exceeded that of from the Crimea by 2.2 %. The content of ω-9 fatty acids ranged from 33.7 % (Penza) to 35.9 % (Crimea) and was characterized by a low coefficient of variation – 4.14 %. The range of variation of ω-3 and ω-6 acid, on average, was 6.32–7.81 %. Their content was 31.5 and 20.9 % in oilseeds from the Crimea and 35.5 and 19.1 % in oilseeds from Penza. The ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 acids is 1.8:1.

scholarly journals Genome-edited Camelina sativa with a unique fatty acid content and its potential impact on ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kawall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Multiple Copies

Abstract‘Genome editing’ is intended to accelerate modern plant breeding enabling a much faster and more efficient development of crops with improved traits such as increased yield, altered nutritional composition, as well as resistance to factors of biotic and abiotic stress. These traits are often generated by site-directed nuclease-1 (SDN-1) applications that induce small, targeted changes in the plant genomes. These intended alterations can be combined in a way to generate plants with genomes that are altered on a larger scale than it is possible with conventional breeding techniques. The power and the potential of genome editing comes from its highly effective mode of action being able to generate different allelic combinations of genes, creating, at its most efficient, homozygous gene knockouts. Additionally, multiple copies of functional genes can be targeted all at once. This is especially relevant in polyploid plants such as Camelina sativa which contain complex genomes with multiple chromosome sets. Intended alterations induced by genome editing have potential to unintentionally alter the composition of a plant and/or interfere with its metabolism, e.g., with the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as phytohormones or other biomolecules. This could affect diverse defense mechanisms and inter-/intra-specific communication of plants having a direct impact on associated ecosystems. This review focuses on the intended alterations in crops mediated by SDN-1 applications, the generation of novel genotypes and the ecological effects emerging from these intended alterations. Genome editing applications in C. sativa are used to exemplify these issues in a crop with a complex genome. C. sativa is mainly altered in its fatty acid biosynthesis and used as an oilseed crop to produce biofuels.

scholarly journals Isomerisation of cis-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to trans-9 trans-11 CLA during acidic methylation can be avoided by a rapid base catalysed methylation of milk fat

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R F Lee ◽  
John K S Tweed
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Acidic Conditions

This study investigated the evolution of trans-9 trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation and its avoidance through a rapid base methylation of milk fat. The study examined three conditions shown to result in loss of cis-9 trans-11 CLA during methylation namely: temperature, methylation time, water contamination in old reagents and acidic conditions. Three techniques currently used for the conversion of milk fat into fatty acid methyl esters for analysis of CLA content by gas liquid chromatography and a fourth procedure designed to eliminate acidic conditions and to limit methylation temperature and time were used. The four methods were: (i) acidic methylation (AM); (ii) acidic and basic bimethylation with fresh reagents (FBM); (iii) acidic and basic bimethylation with pre-prepared reagents (PBM) and (iv) basic methylation (BM). Each regime was carried out on six milk samples over two periods and methylated 1 ml freeze-dried milk (n=12 per regime). Total CLA was not different across methylation regimes (0·30 mg/ml). Isomer cis-9 trans-11 was higher (P<0·01) with BM than the other regimes and lowest with AM: 21·2, 17·8, 18·8 and 14·7 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The inverse relationship was shown for trans-9 trans-11 with higher (P<0·001) amounts with AM than the other regimes and lowest with BM: 0·57, 2·55, 2·36 and 3·69 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. The trans-10 cis-12 isomer was also shown to alter with methylation procedure being higher (P<0·001) with AM than the other regimes: 0·43, 0·47, 0·29 and 1·20 mg/100 ml for BM, FBM, PBM and AM, respectively. Validation with known CLA free fatty acid and triacylglycerol standards confirmed that AM resulted in conversion of cis-9 trans-11 to trans-9 trans-11, and also elevated trans-10 cis-12 whilst BM of triacylglycerol CLA did not isomerise cis-9 trans-11 and was comparable to FBM.

scholarly journals Chemical, Nutritional and Antioxidant Characteristics of Different Food Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lacrimioara Senila ◽  
Emilia Neag ◽  
Oana Cadar ◽  
Melinda Haydee Kovacs ◽  
Anca Becze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Hemp Seed ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Characteristics

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical composition of five different food seeds (sunflower, poppy, hemp, flax and sesame) regarding fatty acid, mineral (Fe, Cu, Zn, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al) and protein content. In addition, the total antioxidant capacity of the seeds was evaluated using the photochemiluminescent assay. The food seeds were subjected to lipid extraction and converted into fatty acid methyl esters before the gas chromatography analysis. In all food seeds, the saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were identified, respectively. PUFAs were the most abundant fatty acids (61.2% ± 0.07% and 84.8% ± 0.08% of total fatty acids), with the highest content in flax and hemp seed oil. Also, high amounts of omega-3 from PUFAs were determined in flax and hempseed oil. Based on the obtained results the sunflower, sesame and poppy seeds are good sources of omega-6, while flax and hemp seeds are good sources of omega-3. All samples are rich in minerals (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and have more than 20% protein content.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NORMAL MINK TISSUES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Walker ◽  
V. F. Lishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Lipids, extracted from the adrenals, brain, erythrocytes, heart, kidney, liver, plasma, and spleen of normal healthy female mink, were transesterified with 1% sulphuric acid in methanol, and the resulting methyl esters were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography after purification by thin-layer chromatography. All of the tissues examined contained higher concentrations of unsaturated than of saturated acids, the highest levels of unsaturated acids occurring in the lipids of heart, adrenals, and plasma, and of the essential fatty acids (ω6 series, with six carbon atoms after last double bond) in plasma, erythrocyte, and kidney lipids. The fatty acid compositions of mink tissues resemble those reported in the literature for the rat; detailed comparisons are not possible because of the known influence of dietary factors on tissue fatty acids.

THE SEPARATION OF SATURATED AND UNSATURATED FATTY ACID ESTERS BY GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1297-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Craig ◽  
N. L. Murty
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Fats And Oils ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Silicone Grease ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation ◽  
Acid Esters

Fatty acid methyl esters are separated according to chain length by using washed silicone grease supported on 20–40 mesh C22 firebrick. By using a plasticizer on the firebrick support the same esters are separated according to both chain length and degree of unsaturation. Together the two procedures can be used to determine the component fatty acids in fats and oils. Nearly parallel linear relations are obtained for saturated, monoethenoid, diethenoid, and triethenoid methyl esters when the logarithm of emergence time is plotted against the carbon number of the fatty acid.

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