Endothelial Dysfunction as a Link Between Climacteric Syndrome and Cardiovascular Diseases

CoQ10 is an endogenous antioxidant produced in all cells that plays an essential role in energy metabolism and antioxidant protection. CoQ10 distribution is not uniform among different organs, and the highest concentration is observed in the heart, though its levels decrease with age. Advanced age is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction triggered by oxidative stress that impairs mitochondrial bioenergetic and reduces NO bioavailability, thus affecting vasodilatation. The rationale of the use of CoQ10 in cardiovascular diseases is that the loss of contractile function due to an energy depletion status in the mitochondria and reduced levels of NO for vasodilatation has been associated with low endogenous CoQ10 levels. Clinical evidence shows that CoQ10 supplementation for prolonged periods is safe, well-tolerated and significantly increases the concentration of CoQ10 in plasma up to 3–5 µg/mL. CoQ10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and mortality from cardiovascular causes and improves clinical outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, prevents the accumulation of oxLDL in arteries, decreases vascular stiffness and hypertension, improves endothelial dysfunction by reducing the source of ROS in the vascular system and increases the NO levels for vasodilation.

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Regulation of miRNAs by Natural Antioxidants in Cardiovascular Diseases: Focus on SIRT1 and eNOS

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10030377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Yunna Lee ◽

Eunok Im

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

New Perspective ◽

Oxide Synthase ◽

Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The potential benefits of natural antioxidants derived from supplemental nutrients against CVDs are well known. Remarkably, natural antioxidants exert cardioprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress, increasing vasodilation, and normalizing endothelial dysfunction. Recently, considerable evidence has highlighted an important role played by the synergistic interaction between endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the maintenance of endothelial function. To provide a new perspective on the role of natural antioxidants against CVDs, we focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), which are important posttranscriptional modulators in human diseases. Several miRNAs are regulated via the consumption of natural antioxidants and are related to the regulation of oxidative stress by targeting eNOS and/or SIRT1. In this review, we have discussed the specific molecular regulation of eNOS/SIRT1-related endothelial dysfunction and its contribution to CVD pathologies; furthermore, we selected nine different miRNAs that target the expression of eNOS and SIRT1 in CVDs. Additionally, we have summarized the alteration of miRNA expression and regulation of activities of miRNA through natural antioxidant consumption.

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Pravastatin Promotes Endothelial Colony-Forming Cell Function, Angiogenic Signaling and Protein Expression In Vitro

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10020183 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Nadia Meyer ◽

Lars Brodowski ◽

Katja Richter ◽

Constantin S. von Kaisenberg ◽

Bianca Schröder-Heurich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Tube Formation ◽

In Vitro Assays ◽

Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Functional Capacities

Endothelial dysfunction is a primary feature of several cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent a highly proliferative subtype of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which are involved in neovascularization and vascular repair. Statins are known to improve the outcome of cardiovascular diseases via pleiotropic effects. We hypothesized that treatment with the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl–coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor pravastatin increases ECFCs’ functional capacities and regulates the expression of proteins which modulate endothelial health in a favourable manner. Umbilical cord blood derived ECFCs were incubated with different concentrations of pravastatin with or without mevalonate, a key intermediate in cholesterol synthesis. Functional capacities such as migration, proliferation and tube formation were addressed in corresponding in vitro assays. mRNA and protein levels or phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), placental growth factor (PlGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and endoglin (Eng) were analyzed by real time PCR or immunoblot, respectively. Proliferation, migration and tube formation of ECFCs were enhanced after pravastatin treatment, and AKT- and eNOS-phosphorylation were augmented. Further, expression levels of HO-1, VEGF-A and PlGF were increased, whereas expression levels of sFlt-1 and Eng were decreased. Pravastatin induced effects were reversible by the addition of mevalonate. Pravastatin induces beneficial effects on ECFC function, angiogenic signaling and protein expression. These effects may contribute to understand the pleiotropic function of statins as well as to provide a promising option to improve ECFCs’ condition in cell therapy in order to ameliorate endothelial dysfunction.

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ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION IN CHILDREN WITH PERIODONTITIS

"Medical & pharmaceutical journal "Pulse" ◽

10.26787/nydha-2686-6838-2021-23-5-154-161 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 154-161

Author(s):

Agapitov L.I. ◽

Cherepnina I.V.

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Chronic Periodontitis ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽

Vascular Dilatation ◽

Oral Inflammation

The presence of oral inflammation has recently been linked with the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is considered one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of a whole range of cardiovascular diseases. In the study describes links between periodontitis and endothelial dysfunction. 32 patients (16 boys and 16 girls) with periodontitis and 60 healthy children were examined. Flow-mediated vascular dilatation data were measured in all patients. Flow-mediated dilatation was 9,78±3,16% in children with periodontitis, and 12,85±3,48% in healthy children (p<0,05). Area under the dilation curve was larger in healthy children, then in children with periodontitis, 710±121%·с in comparison with 519±175%·с (p<0,05). An inverse correlation was found between flow-mediated dilatation, area under the dilation curve and periodontitis duration (r = -0,71, -0,77). A negative correlation was found between flow-mediated dilatation, area under the dilation curve and worsening of periodontitis (r = -0,70, -0,71). This study did not demonstrate association between periodontal disease in children and arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure. However, the identified endothelial dysfunction requires protective therapeutic and preventive measures. Given the insignificant symptoms of chronic periodontitis in the examined children, it is important to activate efforts aimed at early detection and treatment of this disease. Further research is needed to clarify the prognostic role of endothelial dysfunction in chronic periodontitis.

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The Role of Uridine Adenosine Tetraphosphate in the Vascular System

Advances in Pharmacological Sciences ◽

10.1155/2011/435132 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Takayuki Matsumoto ◽

Rita C. Tostes ◽

R. Clinton Webb

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Purinergic Receptors ◽

Potential Role ◽

Vascular System

The endothelium plays a pivotal role in vascular homeostasis, and endothelial dysfunction is a major feature of cardiovascular diseases, such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. Recently, uridine adenosine tetraphosphate (Up4A) has been identified as a novel and potent endothelium-derived contracting factor (EDCF). Up4A structurally contains both purine and pyrimidine moieties, which activate purinergic receptors. There is an accumulating body of evidence to show that Up4A modulates vascular function by actions on endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In this paper, we discuss the effects of Up4A on vascular function and a potential role for Up4A in cardiovascular diseases.

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Endothelial Dysfunction and Lung Capillary Injury in Cardiovascular Diseases

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

10.1016/j.pcad.2014.11.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 454-462 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Marco Guazzi ◽

Shane A. Phillips ◽

Ross Arena ◽

Carl J. Lavie

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction

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THE INFLUENCE OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY FACTORS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEMODYNAMIC COMPLICATIONS DURING ANESTHESIA IN CARDIAC SURGERY

Journal of the Grodno State Medical University ◽

10.25298/2221-8785-2021-19-4-367-375 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 367-375

Author(s):

R. E. Yakubtsevich ◽

◽

K. O. Kratkou ◽

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

New Methods ◽

Laboratory Markers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Cellular Hypoxia ◽

Methods Of Treatment

Background. Currently, cardioanesthesiology is one of the most actively developing areas of modern medicine. Thanks to new methods of treatment, the contingent of patients for whom it became possible to undergo cardiac surgery has significantly expanded. The main problems that lead to hemodynamic complications are endothelial dysfunction and cellular hypoxia. Purpose. To present data on the influence of clinical and laboratory factors of endothelial dysfunction and cellular hypoxia on the development of hemodynamic complications during anesthesia in cardiac surgery. Material and methods. The review and analysis of literature data from 49 sources is presented. Results. The laboratory markers of endothelial dysfunction leading to the development of major hemodynamic complications in cardiovascular diseases are MPC-1, CRP, NO, TNF-α, IL-6, homocysteine. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate a significant effect of cell markers (MPC-1, CRP, NO, TNF-A, IL-6, homocysteine) as well as clinical and laboratory factors of endothelial dysfunction not only on the development of major diseases of the cardiovascular system, but also on their complications. An early study of these markers can improve anesthesia during cardiac surgery as well as reduce complications in the postoperative period.

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Evolving Role of Microparticles in the Pathophysiology of Endothelial Dysfunction

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2012.199711 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (8) ◽

pp. 1166-1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Fina Lovren ◽

Subodh Verma

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Early Event ◽

Prognostic Information ◽

Vascular Events ◽

Wide Range

BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in the development and progression of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. Various human studies have identified that measures of endothelial dysfunction may offer prognostic information with respect to vascular events. Microparticles (MPs) are a heterogeneous population of small membrane fragments shed from various cell types. The endothelium is one of the primary targets of circulating MPs, and MPs isolated from blood have been considered biomarkers of vascular injury and inflammation. CONTENT This review summarizes current knowledge of the potential functional role of circulating MPs in promoting endothelial dysfunction. Cells exposed to different stimuli such as shear stress, physiological agonists, proapoptotic stimulation, or damage release MPs, which contribute to endothelial dysfunction and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies indicate that MPs may trigger endothelial dysfunction by disrupting production of nitric oxide release from vascular endothelial cells and subsequently modifying vascular tone. Circulating MPs affect both proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic processes in endothelial cells. In addition, MPs can promote coagulation and inflammation or alter angiogenesis and apoptosis in endothelial cells. SUMMARY MPs play an important role in promoting endothelial dysfunction and may prove to be true biomarkers of disease state and progression.

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Concentrations of the Selected Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Response to Antiepileptic Drugs: A Literature Review

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/1076029619859429 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 ◽

pp. 107602961985942 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Beata Sarecka-Hujar ◽

Izabela Szołtysek-Bołdys ◽

Ilona Kopyta ◽

Barbara Dolińska ◽

Andrzej Sobczak

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Literature Review ◽

Antiepileptic Drug ◽

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine ◽

The Body ◽

Biochemical Processes ◽

The Brain

Epilepsy is a disease arising from morphological and metabolic changes in the brain. Approximately 60% of patients with seizures can be controlled with 1 antiepileptic drug (AED), while in others, polytherapy is required. The AED treatment affects a number of biochemical processes in the body, including increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It is indicated that the duration of AED therapy with some AEDs significantly accelerates the process of atherosclerosis. Most of AEDs increase levels of homocysteine (HCys) as well as may affect concentrations of new, nonclassical risk factors for atherosclerosis, that is, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homoarginine (hArg). Because of the role of these parameters in the pathogenesis of CVD, knowledge of HCys, ADMA, and hArg concentrations in patients with epilepsia treated with AED, both pediatric and adult, appears to be of significant importance.

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Markers of endothelial dysfunction in children with cardiovascular diseases

Russian Heart Failure Journal ◽

10.18087/rhfj.2017.2.2311 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 133-137

Author(s):

A. A. Tupikina ◽

◽

I. V. Plotnikova ◽

I. A. Kovalev ◽

L. I. Svintsova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction

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