scholarly journals REFLECTION OF DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY IN FERTILITY RATES IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
E.N. Sindyashkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Policy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortgage Lending ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Demographic Policy

Since 2018, a new package of demographic policy measures has been introduced in Russia, including direct financial support for families with children, a preferential mortgage lending program, expanded use of maternity funds, and the development of infrastructure aimed at facilitating childcare. In 2019-2020, the measures taken were adjusted and supplemented. The article attempts to answer the question of whether the introduction of a package of pro-natalist measures affects the fertility rate; the possible impact of new measures of demographic policy, its timing and nature is considered. The article presents a detailed analysis of the main parameters of fertility, such as the dynamics of age-specific fertility rates by five-year age groups for first second and third births; transformation of the age profile of fertility; dynamics of the total fertility rate. The contribution of structural (change in the number of women of reproductive age for each age group) and demographic (change in age-specific fertility rates) factors to the change in the number of births has been determined. The groups of regions are formed according to the age profiles of the first-born fertility. The author applies methods of comparative analysis of fertility rates by age groups, by birth order, by region, methods of retrospective analysis, classification, and grouping. The research results can be used in the development of measures to improve population policy.

scholarly journals Functional time series analysis of age-specific fertility rates: visualizing the change in the age-pattern of fertility in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Mallika Deb ◽  
Tapan Kumar Chakrabarty
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Functional Time Series

Functional Time Series Analysis (FTSA) is carried out in this article to uncover the temporal variations in the age pattern of fertility in India. Attempt is made to find whether there is any typical age pattern in the nation’s fertility across the reproductive age groups. If so, how do we characterize the role of changing age pattern of fertility across reproductive age groups in the nation’s fertility transition? We have used region-specific (rural-urban) and country level data series on Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFRs) available from Sample Registration System (SRS), India during 1971-2013. Findings of this study are very impressive. It is observed that the youngest age group of women in 15-19 years has contributed to the maximum decline in fertility with a substantially accelerated pace during the period of study. The major changes in fertility rates among Indian women dominated by the rural representation occur at the ages after 30. Further, the study also suggests that the future course of demographic transition in India from third phase to the fourth phase of replacement fertility would depend on the degree and pace of decline among the rural women aged below 30 years.

scholarly journals Significance of age-sex structure in defining population policy measures

2018 ◽  
pp. 537-545
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Population Replacement ◽  
Sex Structure ◽  
Demographic Aging ◽  
Prolongation Of Life ◽  
Policy Measures

Serbia in the second decade of the 21st century is one of the demographically oldest countries of the world with marked depopulation. The prolongation of life expectancy and the long-term fertility below the level needed for population replacement, as well as the emigration of predominantly young people, are the main factors for demographic aging in Serbia and the current decrease in population size. As a result of decades-long adverse demographic trends, the age structure is increasingly becoming a limiting factor in defining population policy measures. In the period between years 1991 and 2011, the cohort of women aged between 15-49 years decreased by 250 thousand, and at the same time the population of women in the so-called optimal reproductive age (20-34 years) decreased by almost 90 thousand. Mathematical simulations, in which the current distribution of the population of Serbia by age and sex is projected in the coming decades, will show what the result can be expected with the growth of fertility, the prolongation of life expectancy and influx of young immigrants. In particular, the focus will be on the constraints imposed by the inherited age structure on the population dynamics. The notion of demographic inertia will be considered and whether the depopulation effect is unstoppable in the next few decades. We discuss possibilities and constraints in establishing population policy measures.

scholarly journals A Decomposition Analysis of Fertility: Evidence from DKI Jakarta and East Nusa Tenggara

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Farma Mangunsong
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Fertility Reduction ◽  
Younger Age

Fertility control has been one of the priorities of development in Indonesia. However, the 2000 and 2010 population censuses showed an increase in fertility indicators. To identify the sources of increased fertility in developed and less developed areas, DKI Jakarta and East Nusa Tenggara Provinces were selected for comparison. Using 2000 and 2010 census data, the decomposition analysis shows that the increase in Total Fertility Rate (TFR) of DKI Jakarta was dominated by the increase in nuptiality rate, while the increase in TFR of East Nusa Tenggara was mainly caused by the increase in Marital Fertility Rate (MFR). The highest increase in the proportion of married women in DKI Jakarta occurs in the age group of 15-19 years old, followed by the age group of 20–24 years old. The increase in MFR in East Nusa Tenggara occurs in nearly all age groups, particularly in the age groups of 30–34 and 35–39 years old. Identifying the sources of the increase in TFR is important for population policy to support population growth control, fertility reduction, and human resource quality improvement. The main suggestions based on the findings are the promotion of higher educational level and the benefits of postponing marriage among the younger age groups in DKI Jakarta as well as the use of contraceptive methods to control birth rate in East Nusa Tenggara.

Women, Men, and the ‘Missing’ Babies

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Sachiko Baba ◽  
Hiroyasu Iso
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Baby Boom ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Access To Contraception

Japan experienced a baby boom in the late 1940s and a second smaller one during the 1970s. This small second baby boom in the 1970s generated far fewer women of reproductive age in the 2000s, resulting in a missing third baby boom. Legalization of induced abortion in 1949 may have contributed to shortening the baby booms and suppressing the fertility rate. Less frequent sexual intercourse, delayed marriage, remaining single, and childless marriages play increasingly prominent roles in the recent low fertility rates in Japan. In the 1980s and 1990s, fertility rates in South Korea and China declined to similarly low levels. Fertility rates remain low in the three countries. Despite different histories and cultures, e.g. abortion rights and access to contraception, East Asian countries seem to share factors, such as trends in marriage and remaining unmarried, leading to low fertility rates. Further research and education across all age groups is needed. Policies that prioritize reproductive-aged adults, children, and childcare could play a key role in raising fertility rates.

scholarly journals Japan’s voluntary lockdown: further evidence based on age-specific mobile location data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Watanabe ◽  
Tomoyoshi Yabu
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Information Effect ◽  
Mobile Location ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Voluntary Response ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age Profile

AbstractChanges in people’s behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic can be regarded as the result of two types of effects: the “intervention effect” (changes resulting from government orders for people to change their behavior) and the “information effect” (voluntary changes in people’s behavior based on information about the pandemic). Using age-specific mobile location data, we examine how the intervention and information effects differ across age groups. Our main findings are as follows. First, the age profile of the intervention effect shows that the degree to which people refrained from going out was smaller for older age groups, who are at a higher risk of serious illness and death, than for younger age groups. Second, the age profile of the information effect shows that the degree to which people stayed at home tended to increase with age for weekends and holidays. Thus, while Acemoglu et al. (2020) proposed targeted lockdowns requiring stricter lockdown policies for the oldest group in order to protect those at a high risk of serious illness and death, our findings suggest that Japan’s government intervention had a very different effect in that it primarily reduced outings by the young, and what led to the quarantining of older groups at higher risk instead was people’s voluntary response to information about the pandemic. Third, the information effect has been on a downward trend since the summer of 2020. It is relatively more pronounced among the young, so that the age profile of the information effect remains upward sloping.

Review of the Micronutrient Situation in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-154
Author(s):  
Joanne E. Arsenault ◽  
Deanna K. Olney
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Micronutrient Malnutrition ◽  
Context Specific

Background: Rwanda’s commitment to reducing malnutrition is evident in their multisectoral nutrition policy and wide array of nutrition partners. However, the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and the suitability of current strategies to address existing deficiencies is unclear. Objective: To review the available evidence related to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies across the life cycle and strategies in place to address them. Methods: We reviewed scientific and grey literature on nutritional problems in Rwanda, emphasizing micronutrient deficiencies and anemia, and current strategies to address micronutrient malnutrition. Results: Overall, there is scant evidence related to the types and prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies among populations across the life cycle in Rwanda. Existing evidence is primarily limited to outdated or small regional surveys focusing on iron or vitamin A among women and young children. Surveys have assessed the prevalence of anemia and indicate that anemia is very high among young children and moderately high among other age-groups. However, there are limited data on the context-specific causes of anemia in Rwanda across population groups. Current nutrition strategies mainly target women and young children and are primarily designed to reduce vitamin A deficiency and/or anemia caused by micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusions: Rwanda has many nutrition programs in place that address micronutrient deficiencies in young children and a few for women of reproductive age. However, gaps exist in knowledge of the extent of different types of micronutrient deficiencies among all populations across the life cycle and whether the delivery of nutrients through current programs is meeting actual needs.

Differential fertility among immigrants to England and Wales and some implications for population projections

1969 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 119-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Age Structure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Completed Family Size ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

SummaryThe age structure of the immigrant female population as shown by the 1961 Census was heavily biased towards the young adult age groups, where fertility rates are highest. The birth rate for such a population could be expected considerably to exceed the average for this country as a whole, due to differences in age structure alone. The Census also showed marked differences betwen the fertility rates of different groups of immigrants but suggested that for the most important groups —from the Irish Republic, the Indian sub-continent and the Caribbean—they then amounted to a completed family size of roughly ½ child above the England and Wales average. There were also marked differences in 1961 between the socio-economic structure of immigrant groups; such evidence as there is points to socio-economic factors as playing an important part in explaining the fertility of immigrants, and its possible change over time.

scholarly journals Study on factors affecting fertility of Bangladeshi women

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Number 2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽  
Nadia Begum ◽  
Shila Rani Das ◽  
Sultana Begum ◽  
Mehruba Afrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Factors Affecting

This is a cross sectional study conducted among Currently Married Women of Reproductive Age (CMWRA) with a sample size of 476 selected purposively using a semi-structured questionnaire in 2018 at Moulvibazar Sadar to explore the factors affecting fertility. The result shows that 55.26% respondents were within 35 years age whereas only 4.28% from age group 46-49 years age group, 33% of the respondents got married at <16 years of age and 18.70% were illiterate, 47.90% had primary education. It is evident that 76% of the respondents were from rural area; 88% were Muslims, 29.41% from lower middle class followed by upper middle class (25.42%) and poorest comprised only 7.56%. The result explored that 73.91% of the respondents were from age group 41-45 got married before 16 years of age followed by 36-40 years (68.24%), 46-49 years (66%), 20-25 and 26-30 years age groups 52.38% and 52.75% respectively; 73.33% of respondents from rural area got married at <16 years of age, 68.42% of the Muslim at <16 years. The study explored that 96.39% from poorer section and 83.33% from poorest section got married at <16 years of age. Current study revealed that 82.91% of the respondents having secondary education got married before 16 years of age followed by illiterate (82.02%). It is explored that the age at marriage is statistically associated with residence, education, wealth index and religion (p= 0.001, 0.03, 0.001, 0.001 respectively). We conclude that the sociodemographic condition contributes mostly to fertility differentials in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Complications and Outcome of Pregnancy in Extremes of Reproductive Age Groups: Experience at Tertiary Care Center

2016 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manju Lata Verma ◽  
Sabuhi Qureshi ◽  
Uma Singh ◽  
Nisha Singh ◽  
Pushpa Lata Sankhwar
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Tertiary Care Center

scholarly journals Statistical Estimation of Modern Trends and Prospects of the Size and Structure Population of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Z. О. Palian ◽  
I. H. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Forecast Horizon ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Size And Structure

A balanced change in demographic processes should be considered as a prerequisite and, at the same time, as a result of the stable development of the state. Reproduction intensity depends not only on the character of demographic behavior, but also on the presence of contingents of the population, providing or potentially able to provide for its replacement. The dynamics of Ukrainian population, the transformation of its gender-age structure during the period of independence, taking into account the intensive and structural factors of natural increase and migration, is considered. During 2002-2015, the regime of survival and fertility improved in Ukraine, due to which the depopulation slowed down somewhat. But even these positive changes do not compensate for the loss of population size as a result of systematic aging, reducing the proportion of reproductive contingent and its aging. Significant demographic losses, direct and indirect, were caused by a hybrid war from Russia. Alienation of the territory of the Crimea and parts of Donbas is not only a minus 2.5 million citizens of Ukraine. This is a change in the structure of the population - a decrease in the proportion of older age groups that increase the demographic load and worsen the characteristics of survival and fertility of the maternal generation. In this work are presented the results of the short-term simulation of population size and structure taking into account modern trends of replacements components and existing administrative-territorial changes. Two scenarios of the forecast for 2018 have been developed, and the base year it was taken in 2013, when the Crimea was part of Ukraine. The first, realistic scenario was based on the preservation of the current situation - Ukraine without the annexed Crimea and the occupied part of the Donbas. The second scenario imitates the return to Ukraine of all the lost territories. Simulation showed that the population of Ukraine will be reduced by both scenarios, but to 41.9 million people under the scenario without the occupied and annexed territories and to 44.7 million people in the second scenario. The finish of war will due to slow down the death rate to 14.9%0. The age structure of the population does not differ significantly in two scenarios, because the forecast horizon is very short (4 years). The share of generation of parents and women of reproductive age in both variants of the forecast decreases. However, in the case of returning Crimea, it will be even lower (47.4% vs. 47.5% in the first scenario). The reason for this is the emigration of young and middle-aged people to the mainland of Ukraine and to the Russian Federation, which provided some preferences to the settlers from Ukraine. Expected structural changes combined with the modern life and fertility regime will worsen natural population growth rates in both scenarios. In further research is planned to build trend models of births and deaths that will allow the artificially restore the interrupted time series due to administrative-territorial incomparability of data on demographic events

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document