scholarly journals Spent mushroom compost (SMC) – retrieved added value product closing loop in agricultural production

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jasińska
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Global Environmental

Worldwide edible mushroom production on agro-industrial residues comprises of more than 11 million tons of fresh mushrooms per year. For 1 kg of mushrooms there is 5 kg of spent mushroom compost (SMC). This enormous amount of waste results in disposal problems. However, SMC is a waste product of the mushroom industry, which contains mycelium and high levels of remnant nutrients such as organic substances (N, P, K). The spent mushroom compost is usually intended for utilization, but there are increasing numbers of experiments focusing on its reuse in agricultural and horticultural production. Recently, the increase of the global environmental consciousness and stringent legislation have focused research towards the application of sustainable and circular processes. Innovative and environmentally friendly systems of utilisation of waste streams have increased interest of the scientific community. Circular economy implies that agricultural waste will be the source for retrieving high value-added compounds. The goal of the present work was to carry out a bibliographic review of the different scenarios, regarding the exploitation of this low cost feedstock with huge potential for valorisation.

scholarly journals Production of Highly Porous Biochar Materials from Spent Mushroom Composts

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Wen-Shing Chen ◽  
Wen-Tien Tsai ◽  
Yu-Quan Lin ◽  
Chi-Hung Tsai ◽  
Yao-Tsung Chang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Average Pore Size ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Pore Properties

The edible mushroom industry has grown significantly in recent years due to the dietary change and the demand for heathy food. However, the spent mushroom compost (SMC) will be produced in large quantities after the harvest, thus forming an agricultural waste requiring proper management other than dumping or burning. In this work, two types of SMCs with the cultivation of shiitake fungus (SF) and black fungus (BF) were converted into porous biochar products (a series of SMC-SF-BC and SMC-BF-BC) at higher pyrolysis temperatures (i.e., 400, 600 and 800 °C) based on their thermochemical characteristics, using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The pore and chemical properties of the resulting products, including surface area, pore volume, average pore size, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), were studied to correlate them with the most important process parameter. The results showed that the pore properties of the biochar products indicated a significant increase with the increase in the pyrolysis temperature from 400 to 600 °C. The data on the maximal Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area for the biochar products produced at 800 °C (i.e., SMC-SF-BC-800 and SMC-BF-BC-800) were found to be 312.5 and 280.9 m2/g, respectively. Based on the EDS and FTIR, plenty of oxygen-containing functional groups were found on the surface of the resulting biochar products.

Banana Fiber Reinforcement and Application in Composites

2016 ◽  
pp. 201-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Shandilya ◽  
Ayush Gupta ◽  
Deepak Verma
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Focus Attention ◽  
Banana Fiber ◽  
Composites Materials ◽  
Fibre Composites

The growing awareness about sustainable development, environmental ecology and new legislations has led researchers to focus attention on bio fibres reinforced composites. In this field research has been done on many fibres but fibres such as banana, coir, bagasse, jute have gained importance in the recent decades. The main advantage of the natural fibre based composites materials being their low cost, easy availability, low density, acceptable specific properties, ease of separation, enhanced energy recovery, C02 neutrality, biodegradability and recyclability in nature. The attention is being given to the development of natural fibre composites is to explore value-added application avenues for their use and also for a sustainable and economical use of easily available natural material in hand. Agricultural waste is a very good example of such naturally available material and it can also be used to prepare composite materials for commercial use this has a very significant advantage over other natural fibres as its abundance and because of almost no cost.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Nitrite from Brackishwater Using Lignocellulosic Agricultural Waste – Bagasse

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
KISHORE K. KRISHNANI ◽  
V. PARIMALA ◽  
B.P. GUPTA ◽  
I.S. AZAD ◽  
M.S. SHEKHAR
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Water Characteristics ◽  
Nitrite Removal ◽  
Sugar Mills ◽  
Aquaculture Water

Bagasse is a complex native lignocellulosic agricultural waste left after extraction of juice from sugar cane in sugar mills. Bagasse is commonly used as a captive boiler fuel aside from its minor use as a raw material in the paper industry and in low-value products. There remains an ever present need to convert this material to useful value added products, which is an objective of our continued research. The aim of the present study is to investigate four different materials prepared from bagasse for the removal of nitrite from shrimp farm brackishwater (salinity 27±1 ppt) in laboratory condition. The experimental results showed that nitrite removal is effective using bagasse materials with the dose of 1 and 3 g•L-1. Raw bagasse fiber was found to be most effective followed by dried bagasse powder, which can be attributed to the rapid increase in bacterial counts and periphytic growth combined with ion exchange mechanism. Effect of bagasse materials on other water characteristics such as pH, salinity, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia and phosphates has also been studied. The very low cost of lignocellulosic materials is a real advantage that renders it as a suitable alternative for the remediation of nitrite from aquaculture water.

scholarly journals Forcing White Asparagus in Various Substrates under Cool and Warm Regimes

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 996-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace G. Pill ◽  
Thomas A. Evans ◽  
Stephen A. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
One Year

One-year-old crowns of `Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) were forced into spear production at 28C in darkness. Total spear fresh weight and number per square meter responded quadratically to the percentage of sand incorporated in Pro-Mix BX (PMX) peat-lite medium, with maximum yields at 25% to 75% (by volume) PMX. In a second study conducted at 22 and 28C, total spear fresh weight and number per square meter for 96 days of harvest were similar when grown in weathered, spent mushroom compost (SMC) or 1 PMX: 1 sand (v/v), but were lower than those grown in PMX. The lower temperature caused heavier individual spears, while the higher temperature stimulated earlier spear production. During the first month of harvest at 22C, the total number and fresh weight of spears in SMC were 11% and 17% less, respectively, than in PMX. SMC may be a low-cost forcing substrate for white asparagus.

scholarly journals Value-Added Metabolites from Agricultural Waste and Application of Green Extraction Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 11432
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azri Amran ◽  
Kishneth Palaniveloo ◽  
Rosmadi Fauzi ◽  
Nurulhuda Mohd Satar ◽  
Taznim Begam Mohd Mohidin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Green Extraction ◽  
Sustainability Issue

The agricultural sector generates approximately 1300 million tonnes of waste annually, where up to 50% comprising of raw material are discarded without treatment. Economic development and rising living standards have increased the quantity and complexity of waste generated resulting in environmental, health and economic issues. This calls for a greener waste management system such as valorization or recovery of waste into products. For successful implementation, social acceptance is an essential component with involvement of all local stakeholders including community to learn and understand the process and objective of the implementation. The agricultural waste product manufacturing industry is expected to increase with the growing demand for organic food. Thus, proper livestock and crop waste management is vital for environmental protection. It will be essential to successfully convert waste into a sustainable product that is reusable and circulated in the system in line with the green concept of circular economy. This review identifies the commercially produced crops by-product that have been considered for valorization and implemented green extraction for recovery. We highlight the importance of social acceptance and the economic value to agricultural waste recycling. Successful implementation of these technologies will overcome current waste management problems, reduce environmental impacts of landfills, and sustainability issue for farm owners.

scholarly journals A Simple Low-Cost Method to Prepare Lignocellulose-Based Composites for Efficient Removal of Cd(II) from Wastewater

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Wen ◽  
Yong Ji ◽  
Shifeng Zhang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Gaotang Cai
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Particle Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Secondary Reactions ◽  
Green Separation ◽  
Surface Modified

The fabrication of functional lignocellulose-based materials has drawn considerable attention because it acts as a green separation/absorption material owing to its multi-porous mesostructure. In this study, a surface functionalized lignocellulose-based adsorbent for the highly efficient capture of Cd(II) ions was prepared through facile in situ co-deposition of wood waste-derived saw powder (SP) in the presence of tannic acid (TA) and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) mixed aqueous solution. The SP was first modified using TA-APTES coating to synthesize the functional SP substrate (SP-(TA-APTES)). The SP-(TA-APTES) hybrids served as reactive platforms, which enabled further decoration with amino-rich polyethylenimine (PEI) due to the outstanding secondary reactions of the TA-APTES layer. The surface morphology of the resulting SP-(TA-APTES)-PEI (SP-TAPI) composites were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significantly, the combined advantages of the lignocellulosic skeleton, the layer-particle structure, and the hybrid coating contributed to the enhanced adsorption capacity of Cd(II) (up to 22.66 mg/g at pH = 5.0). This removal capacity was higher than that of most reported agricultural waste-based or lignocellulose-based materials. The Cd(II) adsorption mechanism of the surface-modified SP-TAPI composites was studied in detail. These results provide new insights into the high value-added utilization of agricultural waste for water purification applications.

scholarly journals Potential Usage of Edible Mushrooms and Their Residues to Retrieve Valuable Supplies for Industrial Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Kanchan Bhardwaj ◽  
Ruchi Sharma ◽  
Eugenie Nepovimova ◽  
Natália Cruz-Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Disposal Problem ◽  
Value Added Products

Currently, the food and agricultural sectors are concerned about environmental problems caused by raw material waste, and they are looking for strategies to reduce the growing amount of waste disposal. Now, approaches are being explored that could increment and provide value-added products from agricultural waste to contribute to the circular economy and environmental protection. Edible mushrooms have been globally appreciated for their medicinal properties and nutritional value, but during the mushroom production process nearly one-fifth of the mushroom gets wasted. Therefore, improper disposal of mushrooms and untreated residues can cause fungal disease. The residues of edible mushrooms, being rich in sterols, vitamin D2, amino acids, and polysaccharides, among others, makes it underutilized waste. Most of the published literature has primarily focused on the isolation of bioactive components of these edible mushrooms; however, utilization of waste or edible mushrooms themselves, for the production of value-added products, has remained an overlooked area. Waste of edible mushrooms also represents a disposal problem, but they are a rich source of important compounds, owing to their nutritional and functional properties. Researchers have started exploiting edible mushroom by-products/waste for value-added goods with applications in diverse fields. Bioactive compounds obtained from edible mushrooms are being used in media production and skincare formulations. Furthermore, diverse applications from edible mushrooms are also being explored, including the synthesis of biosorbent, biochar, edible films/coating, probiotics, nanoparticles and cosmetic products. The primary intent of this review is to summarize the information related to edible mushrooms and their valorization in developing value-added products with industrial applications.

Conversion of Agricultural Waste Streams into Value Added Products

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (36) ◽  
pp. 2137-2142
Author(s):  
Kofi W. Adu ◽  
Paul Armstrong ◽  
Lucas Servera ◽  
David K. Essumang ◽  
Samuel Y. Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Technique ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Value Added Products

ABSTRACTMuch of the global agricultural by products go waste, especially in developing nations where much of their revenues depend on the exports of raw agricultural products. Such waste streams, if converted to “value added” products could serve as additional source of revenue while simultaneously having a positive impact on the socio-economic well being of the people. We present a preliminary investigation on utilizing chemical activation technique and ball milling to convert agricultural waste streams such as cocoa pod, coconut husk, palm midrib and calabash commonly found in Ghana into ultra-high surface area activated carbon. Such activated carbons are suitable for myriads of applications in environmental remediation, climate management, energy storage and conversion systems (batteries and supercapacitors), and improving crop productivity. We achieved BET surface area as high as ∼ 3000 m2/g.

scholarly journals Comparative Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils from Different Varieties of Psidium guajava L.

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Emad M. Hassan ◽  
Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy ◽  
Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad ◽  
Abdelsamed I. Elshamy ◽  
Mohamed A. Farag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Added Value ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Chemical Profiles

Guava (Psidium guajava) leaves are commonly used in the treatment of diseases. They are considered a waste product resulting from guava cultivation. The leaves are very rich in essential oils (EOs) and volatiles. This work represents the detailed comparative chemical profiles of EOs derived from the leaves of six guava varieties cultivated in Egypt, including Red Malaysian (RM), El-Qanater (EQ), White Indian (WI), Early (E), El-Sabahya El-Gedida (ESEG), and Red Indian (RI), cultivated on the same farm in Egypt. The EOs from the leaves of guava varieties were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed with GC-MS. The EOs were categorized in a holistic manner using chemometric tools. The hydro-distillation of the samples yielded 0.11–0.48% of the EO (v/w). The GC-MS analysis of the extracted EOs showed the presence of 38 identified compounds from the six varieties. The sesquiterpene compounds were recorded as main compounds of E, EQ, ESEG, RI, and WI varieties, while the RM variety attained the highest content of monoterpenes (56.87%). The sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene (11.21–43.20%), and globulol (76.17–26.42%) were detected as the major compounds of all studied guava varieties, while trans-nerolidol (0.53–10.14) was reported as a plentiful compound in all of the varieties except for the RM variety. A high concentration of D-limonene was detected in the EOs of the RM (33.96%), WI (27.04%), and ESEG (9.10%) varieties. These major compounds were consistent with those reported for other genotypes from different countries. Overall, the EOs’ composition and the chemometric analysis revealed substantial variations among the studied varieties that might be ascribed to genetic variability, considering the stability of the cultivation and climate conditions. Therefore, this chemical polymorphism of the studied varieties supports that these varieties could be considered as genotypes of P. guajava. It is worth mentioning here that the EOs, derived from leaves considered to be agricultural waste, of the studied varieties showed that they are rich in biologically active compounds, particularly β-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, globulol, and D-limonene. These could be considered as added value for pharmacological and industrial applications. Further study is recommended to confirm the chemical variations of the studied varieties at a molecular level, as well as their possible medicinal and industrial uses.

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