scholarly journals Forcing White Asparagus in Various Substrates under Cool and Warm Regimes

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 996-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wallace G. Pill ◽  
Thomas A. Evans ◽  
Stephen A. Garrison
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
One Year

One-year-old crowns of `Jersey Giant' asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) were forced into spear production at 28C in darkness. Total spear fresh weight and number per square meter responded quadratically to the percentage of sand incorporated in Pro-Mix BX (PMX) peat-lite medium, with maximum yields at 25% to 75% (by volume) PMX. In a second study conducted at 22 and 28C, total spear fresh weight and number per square meter for 96 days of harvest were similar when grown in weathered, spent mushroom compost (SMC) or 1 PMX: 1 sand (v/v), but were lower than those grown in PMX. The lower temperature caused heavier individual spears, while the higher temperature stimulated earlier spear production. During the first month of harvest at 22C, the total number and fresh weight of spears in SMC were 11% and 17% less, respectively, than in PMX. SMC may be a low-cost forcing substrate for white asparagus.

scholarly journals Spent mushroom compost (SMC) – retrieved added value product closing loop in agricultural production

2018 ◽  
pp. 185-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Jasińska
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Spent Mushroom Compost ◽  
Global Environmental

Worldwide edible mushroom production on agro-industrial residues comprises of more than 11 million tons of fresh mushrooms per year. For 1 kg of mushrooms there is 5 kg of spent mushroom compost (SMC). This enormous amount of waste results in disposal problems. However, SMC is a waste product of the mushroom industry, which contains mycelium and high levels of remnant nutrients such as organic substances (N, P, K). The spent mushroom compost is usually intended for utilization, but there are increasing numbers of experiments focusing on its reuse in agricultural and horticultural production. Recently, the increase of the global environmental consciousness and stringent legislation have focused research towards the application of sustainable and circular processes. Innovative and environmentally friendly systems of utilisation of waste streams have increased interest of the scientific community. Circular economy implies that agricultural waste will be the source for retrieving high value-added compounds. The goal of the present work was to carry out a bibliographic review of the different scenarios, regarding the exploitation of this low cost feedstock with huge potential for valorisation.

Treatment of wastewater by constructed wetland in small settlements

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.Ç. Ayaz ◽  
I. Akca
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
One Year

The constructed wetland is a low-cost technology to control environmental pollution. The system is especially suitable for small settlements. An innovative constructed wetland technology is described in this paper. A pilot plant was used to assess the performance of the system. The experimental system consists of two serial connected tanks that settled up with fillers and Cyperus as treatment media. Wastewater is recycled periodically upward and downward between the two tanks. The treatment performance was monitored in different loading conditions in a one-year period. The average COD removal efficiency of 90% was observed at 122 g COD/m2.day average loading conditions. Other average removal values in the same conditions are as follows: suspended solid 95%, TKN 77%, total nitrogen 61%, PO4-P 39%. The land requirement for this system will be 0.82 m2 per capita when applying as full-scale system.

scholarly journals Sprouting of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench): Effect of Drying Treatment on Protein and Starch Features

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Marchini ◽  
Alessandra Marti ◽  
Claudia Folli ◽  
Barbara Prandi ◽  
Tommaso Ganino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Effective Technology ◽  
Drying Treatment ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The nutritional and physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins and starch make the use of this cereal for food production challenging. Sprouting is a cost-effective technology to improve the nutritional and functional profile of grains. Two drying treatments were used after sorghum sprouting to investigate whether the drying phase could improve the protein and starch functionalities. Results showed that the drying treatment at lower temperature/longer time (40 °C for 12 h) extended the enzymatic activity that started during sprouting compared to the one performed at higher temperature/shorter time (50 °C for 6 h). An increased protein hydrolysis and water- and oil-holding capacity were found in the flour obtained by the former treatment. Higher protein matrix hydrolysis caused high exposure of starch to enzymes, thus increasing its digestibility, while worsening the technological functionality. Overall, modulating drying conditions could represent a further way, in addition to sprouting, to improve sorghum flour’s nutritional profile.

MICROSTRUCTURAL EVOLUTION OF Al-Cu-Mg-Ag ALLOY WITH TRACE Zr ADDITION DURING TWO-STEP HOMOGENIZATION

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 855-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
FEIYUE MA ◽  
ZHIYI LIU
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Zr Addition ◽  
Homogenization Time ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The microstructural evolution in an Al - Cu - Mg - Ag alloy with trace Zr addition during homogenization treatment was characterized by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). It was shown that the low-melting-point phase segregating toward grain boundaries is Al 2 Cu , with a melting point of 523.52°C. A two-step homogenization process was employed to optimize the microstructure of the as-cast alloy, during which the alloy was first homogenized at a lower temperature, then at a higher temperature. After homogenized at 420°C for 6 h, Al 3 Zr particles were finely formed in the matrix. After that, when the alloy was homogenized at an elevated temperature for a longer time, i.e., 515°C for 24 h, most of the precipates at the grain boundaries were removed. Furthermore, the dispersive Al 3 Zr precipitates were retained, without coarsening greatly in the final homogenization step. A kinetics model is employed to predict the optimal homogenization time at a given temperature theoretically, and it confirms the result in present study, which is 420°C/6h+515°C/24h.

scholarly journals Research on the Static Recrystallization and Precipitation Behaviors of a V-N Microalloyed Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baochun Zhao ◽  
Tan Zhao ◽  
Guiyan Li ◽  
Qiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Static Recrystallization ◽  
Microalloyed Steel ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Recrystallization Process ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Double Compression ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Temperature Strain

Double compression tests were performed on a Gleeble-3800 thermomechanical simulator to study the softening behaviors of deformed austenite in a V-N microalloyed steel. The static recrystallization volume fractions were calculated by stress offset method, and the kinetic model of static recrystallization was constructed. The effects of temperature, strain, and time interval on the softening behaviors were analyzed, and the interactions between precipitation and recrystallization were discussed. The results show that the softening behaviors of the deformed austenite at lower temperature or higher temperature are markedly different. At the temperature of 850°C or 800°C, pinning effects of the precipitates play the main role, and the recrystallization process is inhibited, which leads to the formation of plateaus in the softening curves. An increase in strain promotes the precipitation and recrystallization processes while reduces the inhibition effect of precipitation on recrystallization as well.

Effects of Sr Addition on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Mg-6Al Magnesium Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Jin Ping Fan ◽  
She Bin Wang ◽  
Bing She Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Strengthening Mechanism ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature

The effects of Sr addition on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Mg-6Al mag- nesium alloy both at 25 °C and at 175 °C were investigated by means of OM, SEM and EDS and XRD. Upon the Sr addition of 2%, the tensile strength was increased by 7.2% to 184.4MPa at 25 °C, while it was increased by 30% to 155.4MPa at 175 °C. The strengthening mechanism of Mg-6Al-xSr at lower temperature (25 °C) was different from that at higher temperature (175°C). The results show that the addition of strontium effectively improved the microstructure and mechanical properties of magnesium alloy.

scholarly journals Tracking the Evolution of Riverbed Morphology on the Basis of UAV Photogrammetry

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 829
Author(s):  
Teresa Gracchi ◽  
Guglielmo Rossi ◽  
Carlo Tacconi Stefanelli ◽  
Luca Tanteri ◽  
Rolando Pozzani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Detection Analysis ◽  
Digital Terrain ◽  
Fluvial Dynamics ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
One Year ◽  
Short Time

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry has recently become a widespread technique to investigate and monitor the evolution of different types of natural processes. Fluvial geomorphology is one of such fields of application where UAV potentially assumes a key role, since it allows for overcoming the intrinsic limits of satellite and airborne-based optical imagery on one side, and in situ traditional investigations on the other. The main purpose of this paper was to obtain extensive products (digital terrain models (DTMs), orthophotos, and 3D models) in a short time, with low costs and at a high resolution, in order to verify the capability of this technique to analyze the active geomorphic processes on a 12 km long stretch of the French–Italian Roia River at both large and small scales. Two surveys, one year apart from each other, were carried out over the study area and a change detection analysis was performed on the basis of the comparison of the obtained DTMs to point out and characterize both the possible morphologic variations related to fluvial dynamics and modifications in vegetation coverage. The results highlight how the understanding of different fluvial processes may be improved by appropriately exploiting UAV-based products, which can thus represent a low-cost and non-invasive tool to crucially support decisionmakers involved in land management practices.

The Effect of Uniaxial Cyclic Deformation on the Evolution of Phase Transformation Fronts in Pseudoelastic NiTi Wire

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Iadicola ◽  
John A. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Partial Transformation ◽  
Niti Wire ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Temperature Experiment ◽  
Background Temperature ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Niti Wires

Abstract Experiments are presented of the response of pseudoelastic NiTi wires subjected to displacement controlled cycles. A custom built thermo-mechanical testing apparatus is used to control the background temperature field of the wire specimen while allowing the evolution of transformation fronts to be tracked by full field infrared imaging. Two experiments under similar end-displacement histories, but at temperatures ≈8°C apart, are shown to give remarkably different cyclic responses. The mechanical response for the lower temperature experiment continued to soften but retained its shape through 43 partial transformation cycles, and the pattern of transformation fronts seemed to reach a steady state. The response for the higher temperature experiment showed a change in shape of the mechanical response and distinct changes in transformation front patterns over 31 partial transformation cycles.

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