scholarly journals The influence of fertilization on the soil characteristics of a calcareous chernozem in a long term experiment

2010 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
János Kátai
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The University ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
Microbiological Properties

In the long term fertilization experiment of the University of Debrecen, Centre for Agricultural and Applied Economic Science(CAAEC) (Debrecen Látókép), the effects of a 25-year-long fertilization were examined in terms of some chemical and microbiological properties of soil. With the growing doses of fertilizers, the available nutrient content of soil increased. At the same time the pH significantly decreased, while the hidden acidity increased. Moreover, the ratio between the soil bacteria and microscopic fungi, and the occurrence of microbes also changed. The number of sensitive physiological bacteria groups decreased dramatically. These changes indicate the reactions of living organisms; they correspond to the „resistance stage” of stress effects, but in the case of nitrifying bacteria, they reach the „exhaustion stage”.

Effect of NPK fertilization on the yield of winter wheat and maize and on the nutrient content of the soil in a long-term experiment network in Hungary

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-330
Author(s):  
Jakab Loch ◽  
János Lazányi
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Az Országos Műtrágyázási Tartamkísérletek (OMTK) tizenkét NPK kezeléskombinációjában, kilenc termőhelyen vizsgáltuk az NPK-trágyázás hatását az őszi búza és a kukorica termésére és a talajok 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható tápelemtartalmára. A termőhelyek: Bicsérd (BI), Hajdúböszörmény (HA), Iregszemcse (IR), Karcag (KA), Keszthely (KE), Kompolt (KO), Mosonmagyaróvár (MO), Nagyhörcsök (NA), Putnok (PU). Az NPK kezelések: 000, 101, 111, 121, 201, 220, 221, 222, 331, 341, 421, 441. A N- és P-kezelések a kódoknak megfelelően 50 kg N, ill. P2O5·ha−1, a K-adagok 100 kg K2O·ha−1 hatóanyag-mennyiséggel növekszenek. Az őszi búza termésadatok a 23., 24., 27., 28. és 31. évi kísérletekből, a kukoricatermések a 25., 26., 29. és 30. évből származnak.Az NPK-kezelések jelentősen növelték az őszi búza és a kukorica öt-, illetve négyéves átlagtermését, szignifikáns különbségek jöttek létre a termőhelyek átlagában. Az NPK-kezelések különböző érvényesülése az egyes termőhelyeken az eltérő ökológiai viszonyok, köztük a különböző eredeti tápelemtartalom és szolgáltató képesség következménye.Az NPK-kezelések hatására a talajok 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható tápelemtartalma is jelentősen változott. A növények tápelemigényét meghaladó kezelések tartamhatásaként tápelem-felhalmozódás igazolható mindhárom tápelem esetében. A növények szükségletét meghaladó N-adagok, a karbonátos talajokat és a nagy agyagtartalmú kompolti (KO) talajt kivéve csökkentették a talaj pH-t. A másodfokú görbék az őszi búza ötéves termésátlaga és a 0,01 M CaCl2-ban mért összes-N, P- és K-tartalom közötti összefüggéseket szemléltetik termőhelyenként.A legnagyobb kezeléshatások azokon a talajokon igazolhatók, melyeken a kontroll 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható összes-N értéke kisebb, mint 5–10 mg·kg−1. A 15,0 mg·kg−1 érték felett altalaban nem érvényesült a nitrogén termésnövelő hatása. Kivételt képez a tápanyagban gazdag, hajdúböszörményi nem karbonátos réti talaj. A foszfor termésnövelő hatása 2,0 mg P·kg−1 érték felett — a karbonátos réti talaj kivételével — általában nem érvényesül. Az összefüggéseket jellemző R2 meghatározottsági tényezők a legkisebbek az őszi búza és a talaj 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható K-tartalma között, ami az egyéb tényezők nagyobb szerepére utal.A bemutatott eredmények igazolják, hogy a 0,01 M CaCl2-oldható N-, P- és Kfrakciók alkalmasak a tápanyaghiány és -felesleg jellemzésére. Egyben igazolják, hogy az eltérő ökológiai viszonyok között nagyobb terméskülönbségek jöhetnek létre, mint a kezelések hatására. A környezetkímélő tápanyag-gazdálkodás megköveteli a tápanyagok eltérő érvényesülésének figyelembevételét.A termésadatok átengedéséért köszönet az OMTK Hálózati Tanács elnökének, titkárának, és valamennyi kísérletfelelősnek.

scholarly journals Theatrical dialogue in teaching the classics

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-86
Author(s):  
Isabelle Darmon ◽  
Carlos Frade
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Theory ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The Public ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University ◽  
Initial Results

This article addresses some fundamental affinities between theatre and teaching and is based on emerging work in a long-term experiment which we began in the conference ‘Weber/Simmel Antagonisms: Staged Dialogues’, held at the University of Edinburgh on December 2015. Aimed at exploring the possibilities of the theatrical and dialogical forms for teaching the classics of social and cultural theory, it is a risky experiment whose initial results are presented in this special issue. In order to introduce the dialogues and situate them in the context of the broader project, the article does three things: first, it expounds the process of subjectivation at work in both theatre and teaching and explores some of the modalities of the subjective shift sought for in the public and students. Second, it explains the specificity of this experiment by contrasting it with other uses of theatrical dialogue in teaching. Finally, before briefly introducing each of the dialogues, the article clarifies the fundamental difference between the dialogical form and debate, as radically separating them is at the heart of any experiment in subjectivation, away from the stirring of opinions.

scholarly journals Long-term mineral fertilization impact on chemical and microbiological properties of soil and Miscanthus × giganteus yield

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Stępień ◽  
Górska EB ◽  
S. Pietkiewicz ◽  
Kalaji MH
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Miscanthus Giganteus ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Soil ◽  
Microbiological Properties

This experimental work was undertaken to assess the effect of various fertilization regimes (CaNPK, NPK, CaPK, CaPN, CaKN and Ca) and different soil properties on growth and yield of Miscanthus plants and to check the impact of this plant on soil microbial characteristics. Field experiment was set up in 2003 on a long-term fertilization experiment, which had been established since 1923. Miscanthus giganteus response to high soil acidity and deficiency of N, P and K was investigated. Some physico-chemical and microbiological properties of soil samples were estimated and microbial characteristics of soil were conducted to investigate the number of the following microorganisms: heterotrophic bacteria, microscopic fungi, and some diazotrophic bacteria. Obtained results showed that, the highest yield of Miscanthus was obtained from the field fertilized with the CaNPK; while the lowest one was found for plants grown without nitrogen (CaPK). The high acidity of soil and small amount of phosphorus did not affect the yields in the NPK and CaKN combinations as compared with CaNPK one. The experiments showed that Miscanthus giganteus responded positively to mineral fertilization, especially with nitrogen. The rhizosphere of Miscanthus plants provides a suitable environment for the growth and development of microorganisms, in contrast to the non-rhizosphere zone.

scholarly journals Study of factors controlling the amount of 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable Norg fraction

2018 ◽  
pp. 437-449
Author(s):  
Emese Szabó ◽  
Jakab Loch
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
A Site ◽  
The University

The use of new methods describing the “readily available” nutrient content of the soil is spreading on a global scale. The 0.01 M CaCl2 extractant is a dilute salt solution in which the easily soluble inorganic (nitrate-N and ammonium-N) and organic N fractions, P, K and micronutrients are also measurable. The 0.01 M CaCl2 has been tested in the University of Debrecen, Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Sciences since the 90’s. The results of the researches related to organic N fraction, performed in the last decades, and the results of the present study (originating from the long-term experiment of Karcag, 2007–2009) can be concluded as follows: The measurement of easily soluble and oxidizable organic nitrogen (Norg), besides inorganic fractions, could improve the nutrient management. The amount of the Norg fraction is determined by the soil conditions, therefore it is considered to be a site-specific parameter. Management practices and cropyear affect the amount of Norg as well. The present research confirmed that, the effect of fertilization on the amount of Norg can be explained by the changing of the yield (related to total biomass production), while the effect of cropyear is related to the differences in mineralization circumstances and yield as well. The measurement of the Norg fraction is increases the accuracy of N-supply, therefore it could prevent the environmentally harmful excess N application as well.

scholarly journals The impact of environmental factors on the protein content and yield of maize grain at different nutrient supply levels

2018 ◽  
pp. 764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienn Széles, Éva Horváth, Attila Vad, Endre Harsányi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Food ◽  
Yield Decrease

Climate change poses a new challenge for maize producers which calls for the re-thinking of each production technological element. Professional nutrient replenishment may represent an alternative for the mitigation of yield decrease caused by climate change by means of improving yield stability from the aspect of global food safety, as well as increasing yield and improving yield quality. In the course of a  six-year (2011-2016) research, under changing climatic conditions we studied how different fertilization methods - 11 different N doses (0-300 kg ha-1) - affect the productivity of maize and protein content of grains.The experiment was carried out in Hungary (47o 33’ N, 21o 26’ E, asl: 111 m) in the long-term experiment of the University of Debrecen.

scholarly journals Change of soil nitrogen content in a long term fertilization experiment

2015 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Judit Horváth ◽  
Magdolna Tállai ◽  
Bence Mátyás
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Fertilization Experiment ◽  
Nitrogen Turnover ◽  
Mineralization Processes ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The most important aim of sustainable agriculture is to ensure our natural resources – such as soils – protection, which includes fertility preservation and the use of appropriate methods of cultivation. If we want to get accurate information about the occurred changes, way and danger of changes, we should track the resupply and effect of the mineral nutrients and the removed quantity of nutrients with the harvest. Nitrogen is an essential element for living organisms and it is present in the soil mainly in organic form. In general only a low percentage of the total nitrogen content can be used directly by plants in the soil. The mineral nitrogen is incorporate by plants into our bodies. This inorganic nitrogen is produced by the transformation of organic contents through mineralization processes and it gets into the soil by fertilization. This is how nitrogen turnover occurs when mineral forms become organic and organic forms become mineral. The objective of this publication was to introduce – through some element s of nitrogen turnover- how changing the properties of soil in a long term fertilization experiment. We established that the fertilization is influenced the soil pH. With the increase of fertilization levels increased the acidity of the soil, maybe it is related with the number of nitrification bacteria. The fertilization and the rotation affected to the quantity of nitrate.

scholarly journals Effects of production factors on the yield and yield component of winter wheat

2001 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Mátyásné Lesznyák
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University

The effect of major production factors (forecrop, fertilisation, irrigation, soil cultivation and soil preparation) on the yield components and yield of winter wheat were studied in a long-term  experiment set up at the Látókép Experimental Nursery of the Agricultural Sciences Centre of the University of Debrecen. The results of regression analysis led to the following conclusions:• In our experiments in 2000, after using maize as a forecrop –based on the results of analysis of regression – fertilisation determined the yield.• After using pea as a forecrop, a N50 P35 K40 kg/ha fertiliser rate led to an economical increase in the yield of winter wheat.• None of the determinative yield components varied significantly for winter wheat produced after using pea as a forecrop.• There is a closed, significant correlation between plant height, spike length, plant and spike mass, the number of spikelets and grains per spike after using maize as forecrop. The thousand grain mass is different from the other yield components, because it is not part of the relation system ofthose yield components.• The increased yield of winter wheat after maize has been used as a forecrop is due to the positive change in grain number per spike yield component.

scholarly journals Maize nutrient uptake affected by genotype and fertilization

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Djalovic ◽  
Djordje Jockovic ◽  
Yinglong Chen ◽  
Goran Bekavac ◽  
Srdjan Seremesic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Content ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Hybrid Effect ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Mg Content

The content of nutrients in maize are commonly related with fertilization and soil quality and rarely explained with the individual hybrid properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to access a long term fertilization system on ear leaf of Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu content in six maize hybrids(NS 3014, NS 4015, NS 5043, NS 6010, NS 6030 and NS 7020). Samples were collected from a long-term experiment at the Rimski Sancevi experimental field of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad. The study included maize monoculture and 2-year rotations with the application of NPK and manure. Results showed that ear Mg content was influenced with the treatments, hybrid and their interaction and ranged from 1.77-2.69 g kg-1. Iron variability was significantly affected with the treatments and interaction (hybrid x treatments) in range from 103.2 to151.9g kg-1. The ear manganese content (41.1-63.6g kg-1) derived from treatments and hybrid effect and Cu (12.3-23.6 g kg-1) was significantly influenced with treatments. Across all treatments, in average, NS6030 had higher values of nutrient and NS3014 was lower in ear nutrient content. This indicates that vegetation length could favor nutrient accumulation. Obtained results suggested that even on fairly productive soil such as Chernozem hybrid selection and the balanced fertilization is crucial for managing the maize nutrient content.

scholarly journals Effects of soil cultivation and environmental changes on maize yield

2014 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
Gergő Sedlák ◽  
Adrienn Széles
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yield Result ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
The University

We evaluated the relationships among soil cultivation and other agrotechnical factors (fertilization, number of plants and hybrid) within the framework of a multifactorial long-term experiment set at the Látókép Experimental Site of the Centre for Agricultural Sciences of the University of Debrecen in mid-heavy chalcareous chernozem soil based on a long-term experiment conducted for a 5-year period (2002–2006). Based on the evaluation of soil cultivation by the average of treatments, it may be assessed that spring ploughing (8.204 t ha-1) provides more favourable conditions to the stand compared to spring shallow cultivation; however, this did not result in a significant difference. Spring ploughing considerably increased the yield of hybrid FAO 300 in dry years, whereas it considerably increased the yield of hybrid FAO 400 in favourable crop years. A stand of 70 thousand stems/ha provided the higher yield result in both soil cultivation types. It was sufficient to use a fertilizer dose of 120 kg N ha-1 for economical production.

From Volunteering to Academic Programming: A Case Example

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (17) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Gill ◽  
Sneha Bharadwaj ◽  
Nancy Quick ◽  
Sarah Wainscott ◽  
Paula Chance
Keyword(s):  
Special Needs ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
Master's Program ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Charitable Organization ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
The University

A speech-language pathology master's program that grew out of a partnership between the University of Zambia and a U.S.-based charitable organization, Connective Link Among Special needs Programs (CLASP) International, has just been completed in Zambia. The review of this program is outlined according to the suggested principles for community-based partnerships, a framework which may help evaluate cultural relevance and sustainability in long-term volunteer efforts (Israel, Schulz, Parker, & Becker, 1998).

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